Isotopes of terbium

Isotopes of terbium (₆₅Tb)
β−	158Dy
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Tb)
	158.925354±0.000007; 158.93±0.01 (abridged);
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Last updated January 20, 2025

Naturally occurring terbium (₆₅Tb) is composed of one stable isotope, ¹⁵⁹Tb. Thirty-seven radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁵⁸Tb with a half-life of 180 years, ¹⁵⁷Tb with a half-life of 71 years, and ¹⁶⁰Tb with a half-life of 72.3 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 6.907 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 24 seconds. This element also has 27 meta states, with the most stable being ^156m1Tb (t_1/2 = 24.4 hours), ^154m2Tb (t_1/2 = 22.7 hours) and ^154m1Tb (t_1/2 = 9.4 hours).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁵⁹Tb, is electron capture, and the primary mode behind is beta decay. The primary decay products before ¹⁵⁹Tb are element Gd (gadolinium) isotopes, and the primary products after ¹⁵⁹Tb are element Dy (dysprosium) isotopes.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[4] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^[1] ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^[1] ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Isotopic abundance
¹³⁵Tb	65	70	134.96452(43)#	1.01(28) ms	p	¹³⁴Gd	(7/2−)
¹³⁹Tb	65	74	138.94833(32)#	1.6(2) s	β⁺	¹³⁹Gd	5/2−#
¹⁴⁰Tb	65	75	139.94581(86)	2.29(15) s	β⁺ (99.74%)	¹⁴⁰Gd	(7+)
					EC (<3%)	¹⁴⁰Gd
					β⁺, p (0.26%)	¹³⁹Eu
¹⁴¹Tb	65	76	140.94145(11)	3.5(2) s	β⁺	¹⁴¹Gd	(5/2−)
^141mTb^{[n 9]}^{[n 10]}	0(200)# keV			7.9(6) s	β⁺	¹⁴¹Gd	11/2−#
¹⁴²Tb	65	77	141.93928(75)	597(17) ms	β⁺ (96.8%)	¹⁴²Gd	1+
					EC (3.2%)	¹⁴²Gd
					β⁺, p (0.0022%)	¹⁴¹Eu
^142m1Tb	279.7(4) keV			303(17) ms	IT	¹⁴²Tb	5−
^142m2Tb	652.1(6) keV			26(1) μs	IT	¹⁴²Tb	8+
¹⁴³Tb	65	78	142.935137(55)	12(1) s	β⁺	¹⁴³Gd	(11/2−)
^143mTb^{[n 9]}	0(100)# keV			17(4) s			5/2+#
¹⁴⁴Tb	65	79	143.933045(30)	~1 s	β⁺	¹⁴⁴Gd	1+
^144m1Tb	396.9(5) keV			4.25(15) s	IT (66%)	¹⁴⁴Tb	6−
^144m1Tb	396.9(5) keV			4.25(15) s	β⁺ (34%)	¹⁴⁴Gd	6−
^144m2Tb	476.2(5) keV			2.8(3) μs	IT	¹⁴⁴Tb	(8−)
^144m3Tb	517.1(5) keV			670(60) ns	IT	¹⁴⁴Tb	(9+)
^144m4Tb	544.5(6) keV			<300 ns	IT	¹⁴⁴Tb	(10+)
¹⁴⁵Tb	65	80	144.92872(12)	30.9(6) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁵Gd	(11/2−)
^145mTb^{[n 9]}	860(230) keV						(3/2+)
¹⁴⁶Tb	65	81	145.927253(48)	8(4) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁶Gd	1+
^146m1Tb^{[n 9]}	150(100)# keV			24.1(5) s	β⁺	¹⁴⁶Gd	5−
^146m2Tb	930(100)# keV			1.18(2) ms	IT	¹⁴⁶Tb	10+
¹⁴⁷Tb	65	82	146.9240546(87)	1.64(3) h	β⁺	¹⁴⁷Gd	(1/2+)
^147mTb	50.6(9) keV			1.87(5) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁷Gd	(11/2−)
¹⁴⁸Tb	65	83	147.924275(13)	60(1) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁸Gd	2−
^148m1Tb	90.1(3) keV			2.20(5) min	β⁺	¹⁴⁸Gd	(9)+
^148m2Tb	8618.6(10) keV			1.310(7) μs	IT	¹⁴⁸Tb	(27+)
¹⁴⁹Tb	65	84	148.9232538(39)	4.118(25) h	β⁺ (83.3%)	¹⁴⁹Gd	1/2+
¹⁴⁹Tb	65	84	148.9232538(39)	4.118(25) h	α (16.7%)	¹⁴⁵Eu	1/2+
^149mTb	35.78(13) keV			4.16(4) min	β⁺ (99.98%)	¹⁴⁹Gd	11/2−
^149mTb	35.78(13) keV			4.16(4) min	α (0.022%)	¹⁴⁵Eu	11/2−
¹⁵⁰Tb	65	85	149.9236648(79)	3.48(16) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁰Gd	(2)−
^150mTb	461(27) keV			5.8(2) min	β⁺	¹⁵⁰Gd	9+
¹⁵¹Tb	65	86	150.9231090(44)	17.609(1) h	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁵¹Gd	1/2+
¹⁵¹Tb	65	86	150.9231090(44)	17.609(1) h	α (.0095%)	¹⁴⁷Eu	1/2+
^151mTb	99.53(5) keV			25(3) s	IT (93.4%)	¹⁵¹Tb	11/2−
^151mTb	99.53(5) keV			25(3) s	β⁺ (6.6%)	¹⁵¹Gd	11/2−
¹⁵²Tb	65	87	151.924082(43)	17.8784(95) h^[5]	EC (83%)^[5]	¹⁵²Gd	2−
					β⁺ (17%)^[5]	¹⁵²Gd
					α (<7×10⁻⁷%)^[6]	¹⁴⁸Eu
^152m1Tb	342.15(16) keV			960(10) ns	IT	¹⁵²Tb	5−
^152m2Tb	501.74(19) keV			4.2(1) min	IT (78.9%)	¹⁵²Tb	8+
^152m2Tb	501.74(19) keV			4.2(1) min	β⁺ (21.1%)	¹⁵²Gd	8+
¹⁵³Tb	65	88	152.9234417(42)	2.34(1) d	β⁺	¹⁵³Gd	5/2+
^153mTb	163.175(5) keV			186(4) μs	IT	¹⁵³Tb	11/2−
¹⁵⁴Tb	65	89	153.924684(49)	9.994(39) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁴Gd	3−
^154m1Tb^{[n 9]}	130(50)# keV			21.5(4) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁴Gd	0−
^154m2Tb^{[n 9]}	200(150)# keV			22.7(5) h	β⁺	¹⁵⁴Gd	7−
^154m3Tb	405(150)# keV			513(42) ns	IT	¹⁵⁴Tb
¹⁵⁵Tb	65	90	154.923510(11)	5.32(6) d	EC	¹⁵⁵Gd	3/2+
¹⁵⁶Tb	65	91	155.9247542(40)	5.35(10) d	β⁺	¹⁵⁶Gd	3−
^156m1Tb	88.4(2) keV			5.3(2) h	IT	¹⁵⁶Tb	(0+)
^156m2Tb	100(50)# keV			24.4(10) h	IT	¹⁵⁶Tb	(7−)
¹⁵⁷Tb	65	92	156.9240319(11)	71(7) y	EC	¹⁵⁷Gd	3/2+
¹⁵⁸Tb	65	93	157.9254199(14)	180(11) y	β⁺ (83.4%)	¹⁵⁸Gd	3−
¹⁵⁸Tb	65	93	157.9254199(14)	180(11) y	β⁻ (16.6%)	¹⁵⁸Dy	3−
^158m1Tb	110.3(12) keV			10.70(17) s	IT	¹⁵⁸Tb	0−
^158m2Tb	388.39(11) keV			0.40(4) ms	IT	¹⁵⁸Tb	7−
¹⁵⁹Tb^{[n 11]}	65	94	158.9253537(12)	Stable			3/2+	1.0000
¹⁶⁰Tb	65	95	159.9271746(12)	72.3(2) d	β⁻	¹⁶⁰Dy	3−
¹⁶¹Tb^{[n 11]}	65	96	160.9275768(13)	6.948(5) d	β⁻	¹⁶¹Dy	3/2+
¹⁶²Tb	65	97	161.9292754(22)	7.60(15) min	β⁻	¹⁶²Dy	(1−)
^162mTb	286(3) keV			10# min			4−#
¹⁶³Tb	65	98	162.9306536(44)	19.5(3) min	β⁻	¹⁶³Dy	3/2+
¹⁶⁴Tb	65	99	163.9333276(20)	3.0(1) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁴Dy	(5+)
^164mTb	145(12) keV			2# min			2+#
¹⁶⁵Tb	65	100	164.9349552(17)	2.11(10) min	β⁻	¹⁶⁵Dy	(3/2+)
^165mTb	207(5) keV			0.81(8) μs	IT	¹⁶⁵Tb	(7/2−)
¹⁶⁶Tb	65	101	165.9379397(16)	27.1(15) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁶Dy	(1−)
^166mTb	159.0(15) keV			3.5(4) μs	IT	¹⁶⁶Tb	4−#
¹⁶⁷Tb	65	102	166.9400070(21)	18.9(16) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁷Dy	(3/2+)
^167mTb	200(6) keV			1.2(1) μs	IT	¹⁶⁷Tb	(7/2−)
¹⁶⁸Tb	65	103	167.9433371(45)	9.4(4) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁸Dy	(4−)
^168mTb	211(1) keV			0.71(3) μs	IT	¹⁶⁸Tb	(6+)
¹⁶⁹Tb	65	104	168.94581(32)#	5.13(32) s	β⁻	¹⁶⁹Dy	3/2+#
¹⁷⁰Tb	65	105	169.94986(32)#	960(78) ms	β⁻	¹⁷⁰Dy	2−#
¹⁷¹Tb	65	106	170.95301(43)#	1.23(10) s	β⁻	¹⁷¹Dy	3/2+#
¹⁷²Tb	65	107	171.95739(54)#	760(190) ms	β⁻	¹⁷²Dy	6+#
¹⁷³Tb	65	108	172.96081(54)#	400# ms [>550 ns]			3/2+#
¹⁷⁴Tb	65	109	173.96568(54)#	240# ms [>550 ns]			2−#
This table header & footer: view

↑ ^mTb – Excited nuclear isomer.
↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
↑ Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
p: Proton emission
↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
↑ Discovery of this isotope is disputed.
1 2 Fission product

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References

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↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
1 2 3 Collins, S.M.; Köster, U.; Robinson, A.P.; Ivanov, P.; Cocolios, T.E.; Russell, B.; Fenwick, A.J.; Bernerd, C.; Stegemann, S.; Johnston, K.; Gerami, A.M.; Chrysalidis, K.; Mohamud, H.; Ramirez, N.; Bhaisare, A.; Mewburn-Crook, J.; Cullen, D.M.; Pietras, B.; Pells, S.; Dockx, K.; Stucki, N.; Regan, P.H. (2023). "Determination of the Terbium-152 half-life from mass-separated samples from CERN-ISOLDE and assessment of the radionuclide purity". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 202. Elsevier BV: 111044. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111044 . ISSN 0969-8043. PMID 37797447.
↑ "Adopted Levels for ¹⁵²Tb". NNDC Chart of Nuclides.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry . 75 (6): 683–800. doi: 10.1351/pac200375060683 .
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry . 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi: 10.1351/pac200678112051 .

"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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[4] Tb – Excited nuclear isomer.

[6] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-7] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-8] 1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[9] Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
p: Proton emission

[10] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[11] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[12] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[order-13] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[disputed-14] Discovery of this isotope is disputed.

[FP-17] 1 2 Fission product

[NUBASE2020-1] 1 2 3 4 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Terbium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[AME2020_II-5] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[152tb-15] 1 2 3 Collins, S.M.; Köster, U.; Robinson, A.P.; Ivanov, P.; Cocolios, T.E.; Russell, B.; Fenwick, A.J.; Bernerd, C.; Stegemann, S.; Johnston, K.; Gerami, A.M.; Chrysalidis, K.; Mohamud, H.; Ramirez, N.; Bhaisare, A.; Mewburn-Crook, J.; Cullen, D.M.; Pietras, B.; Pells, S.; Dockx, K.; Stucki, N.; Regan, P.H. (2023). "Determination of the Terbium-152 half-life from mass-separated samples from CERN-ISOLDE and assessment of the radionuclide purity". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 202. Elsevier BV: 111044. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111044 . ISSN 0969-8043. PMID 37797447.

[16] "Adopted Levels for ¹⁵²Tb". NNDC Chart of Nuclides.

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