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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Lu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Naturally occurring lutetium (71Lu) is composed of one stable isotope 175Lu (97.40% natural abundance) and one long-lived radioisotope, 176Lu with a half-life of 37 billion years (2.60% natural abundance). Forty synthetic radioisotopes have been added from 149Lu to 190Lu, with the most stable being 174Lu with a half-life of 3.31 years and 173Lu with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half an hour. Of the meta states known for this element, the most stable are 177m3Lu (t1/2 160.4 days) and 174mLu (t1/2 142 days).
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 175Lu, is electron capture (with some alpha and positron emission), leading to ytterbium or less often thulium isotopes, and the primary mode after is beta emission giving hafnium isotopes.
All isotopes of lutetium are either radioactive or, for the lone stable isotope 175Lu, observationally stable, meaning that it is predicted to be radioactive (to alpha decay) but no decay has been observed. [4]
Nuclide [n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [5] [n 2] [n 3] | Half-life [1] [n 4] [n 5] | Decay mode [1] [n 6] | Daughter isotope [n 7] | Spin and parity [1] [n 8] [n 5] | Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy [n 5] | Normal proportion [1] | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
149Lu [6] | 71 | 78 | 450+170 −100 ns | p | 148Yb | 11/2− | |||||||||||||
150Lu | 71 | 79 | 149.97341(32)# | 45(3) ms | p | 149Yb | (5−) | ||||||||||||
150mLu | 22(5) keV | 40(7) μs | p | 149Yb | (8+) | ||||||||||||||
151Lu | 71 | 80 | 150.96747(32)# | 78.4(9) ms | p (?%) | 150Yb | 11/2− | ||||||||||||
β+ (?%) | 151Yb | ||||||||||||||||||
151mLu | 57(4) keV | 16.0(5) μs | p | 150Yb | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||||
152Lu | 71 | 81 | 151.96412(21)# | 650(70) ms | β+ (85%) | 152Yb | (4−, 5−, 6−) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (15%) | 151Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
153Lu | 71 | 82 | 152.95880(16) | 0.9(2) s | α (?%) | 149Tm | 11/2− | ||||||||||||
β+ (?%) | 153Yb | ||||||||||||||||||
153m1Lu | 80(5) keV | 1# s | IT | 153Lu | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||||
153m2Lu | 2502.5(4) keV | >0.1 μs | IT | 153Lu | 23/2− | ||||||||||||||
153m3Lu | 2632.9(5) keV | 15(3) μs | IT | 153Lu | 27/2− | ||||||||||||||
154Lu | 71 | 83 | 153.95742(22)# | 1# s | (2−) | ||||||||||||||
154m1Lu | 62(12) keV | 1.12(8) s | β+ (?%) | 154Yb | (9+) | ||||||||||||||
β+p (?%) | 153Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
β+α (?%) | 150Er | ||||||||||||||||||
154m2Lu | 2724(100)# keV | 35(3) μs | IT | 154Lu | (17+) | ||||||||||||||
155Lu | 71 | 84 | 154.954326(21) | 68(2) ms | α (90%) | 151Tm | 11/2− | ||||||||||||
β+ (10%) | 155Yb | ||||||||||||||||||
155m1Lu | 21(4) keV | 138(9) ms | α (76%) | 151Tm | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (24%) | 155Yb | ||||||||||||||||||
155m2Lu | 1780.3(18) keV | 2.69(3) ms | α | 151Tm | 25/2−# | ||||||||||||||
156Lu | 71 | 85 | 155.953087(58) | 494(12) ms | α | 152Tm | (2)− | ||||||||||||
156m1Lu [n 9] | 10(250) keV | 198(2) ms | α | 152Tm | 10+ | ||||||||||||||
156m2Lu | 2611(250) keV | 179(4) ns | IT | 156Lu | 19− | ||||||||||||||
157Lu | 71 | 86 | 156.950145(13) | 7.7(20) s | β+ (?%) | 157Yb | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
α (?%) | 153Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
157mLu | 20.9(20) keV | 4.79(12) s | β+ (92.3%) | 157Yb | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
α (7.7%) | 153Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
158Lu | 71 | 87 | 157.949316(16) | 10.6(3) s | β+ (99.09%) | 158Yb | (2)− | ||||||||||||
α (0.91%) | 154Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
159Lu | 71 | 88 | 158.946636(40) | 12.1(10) s | β+ | 159Yb | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (rare) | 155Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
160Lu | 71 | 89 | 159.946033(61) | 36.1(3) s | β+ | 160Yb | 2−# | ||||||||||||
160mLu [n 9] | 0(100)# keV | 40(1) s | β+ | 160Yb | |||||||||||||||
161Lu | 71 | 90 | 160.943572(30) | 77(2) s | β+ | 161Yb | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
161mLu | 182(5)# keV | 7.3(4) ms | IT | 161Lu | (9/2−) | ||||||||||||||
162Lu | 71 | 91 | 161.943283(81) | 1.37(2) min | β+ | 162Yb | 1− | ||||||||||||
162m1Lu [n 9] | 120(200)# keV | 1.5 min | β+ | 162Yb | 4−# | ||||||||||||||
162m2Lu [n 10] | 300(200)# keV | 1.9 min | 9−# | ||||||||||||||||
163Lu | 71 | 92 | 162.941179(30) | 3.97(13) min | β+ | 163Yb | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
164Lu | 71 | 93 | 163.941339(30) | 3.14(3) min | β+ | 164Yb | 1− | ||||||||||||
165Lu | 71 | 94 | 164.939407(28) | 10.74(10) min | β+ | 165Yb | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
166Lu | 71 | 95 | 165.939859(32) | 2.65(10) min | β+ | 166Yb | 6− | ||||||||||||
166m1Lu | 34.37(22) keV | 1.41(10) min | β+ (58%) | 166Yb | 3− | ||||||||||||||
IT (42%) | 166Lu | ||||||||||||||||||
166m2Lu | 43.0(4) keV | 2.12(10) min | β+ (90%) | 166Yb | 0− | ||||||||||||||
IT (10%) | 166Lu | ||||||||||||||||||
167Lu | 71 | 96 | 166.938243(40) | 51.5(10) min | β+ | 167Yb | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
167mLu | 50(40)# keV | >1 min | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
168Lu | 71 | 97 | 167.938730(41) | 5.5(1) min | β+ | 168Yb | 6− | ||||||||||||
168mLu | 160(40) keV | 6.7(4) min | β+ | 168Yb | 3+ | ||||||||||||||
169Lu | 71 | 98 | 168.9376458(32) | 34.06(5) h | β+ | 169Yb | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
169mLu | 29.0(5) keV | 160(10) s | IT | 169Lu | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
170Lu | 71 | 99 | 169.938479(18) | 2.012(30) d | β+ | 170Yb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
170mLu | 92.91(9) keV | 670(100) ms | IT | 170Lu | 4− | ||||||||||||||
171Lu | 71 | 100 | 170.9379186(20) | 8.247(23) d | β+ | 171Yb | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
171mLu | 71.13(8) keV | 79(2) s | IT | 171Lu | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
172Lu | 71 | 101 | 171.9390913(25) | 6.70(3) d | β+ | 172Yb | 4− | ||||||||||||
172m1Lu | 41.86(4) keV | 3.7(5) min | IT | 172Lu | 1− | ||||||||||||||
172m2Lu | 65.79(4) keV | 332(20) ns | IT | 172Lu | (1)+ | ||||||||||||||
172m3Lu | 109.41(10) keV | 440(12) μs | IT | 172Lu | (1)+ | ||||||||||||||
172m4Lu | 213.57(17) keV | 150 ns | IT | 172Lu | (6−) | ||||||||||||||
173Lu | 71 | 102 | 172.9389357(17) | 1.37(1) y | EC | 173Yb | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
173mLu | 123.672(13) keV | 74.2(10) μs | IT | 173Lu | 5/2− | ||||||||||||||
174Lu | 71 | 103 | 173.9403428(17) | 3.31(5) y | β+ | 174Yb | 1− | ||||||||||||
174m1Lu | 170.83(5) keV | 142(2) d | IT (99.38%) | 174Lu | 6− | ||||||||||||||
EC (0.62%) | 174Yb | ||||||||||||||||||
174m2Lu | 240.818(4) keV | 395(15) ns | IT | 174Lu | 3+ | ||||||||||||||
174m3Lu | 365.183(6) keV | 145(3) ns | IT | 174Lu | 4− | ||||||||||||||
174m4Lu | 1855.7(5) keV | 194(24) ns | IT | 174Lu | 13+ | ||||||||||||||
174m5Lu | 4068.4(9) keV | 97(10) ns | IT | 174Lu | (21+) | ||||||||||||||
174m6Lu | 5849.6(9) keV | 242(19) ns | IT | 174Lu | (26−) | ||||||||||||||
175Lu | 71 | 104 | 174.9407772(13) | Observationally stable [n 11] | 7/2+ | 0.97401(13) | |||||||||||||
175m1Lu | 353.48(13) keV | 1.49(7) μs | IT | 175Lu | 5/2− | ||||||||||||||
175m2Lu | 1392.4(4) keV | 984(30) μs | IT | 175Lu | 19/2+ | ||||||||||||||
176Lu [n 12] [n 13] | 71 | 105 | 175.9426917(13) | 3.701(17)×1010 y | β− [n 14] | 176Hf | 7− | 0.02599(13) | |||||||||||
176m1Lu | 122.845(4) keV | 3.664(19) h | β− (99.90%) | 176Hf | 1− | ||||||||||||||
EC (0.095%) | 176Yb | ||||||||||||||||||
176m2Lu | 1514.5(5) keV | 312(69) ns | IT | 176Lu | 12+ | ||||||||||||||
176m3Lu | 1587.8(6) keV | 40(3) μs | IT | 176Lu | 14+ | ||||||||||||||
177Lu | 71 | 106 | 176.9437636(13) | 6.6443(9) d | β− | 177Hf | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
177m1Lu | 150.3984(10) keV | 130.1(24) ns | IT | 177Lu | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||
177m2Lu | 569.6721(15) keV | 155(7) μs | IT | 177Lu | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||||
177m3Lu | 970.1757(24) keV | 160.4(3) d | β− (77.30%) | 177Hf | 23/2− | ||||||||||||||
IT (22.70%) | 177Lu | ||||||||||||||||||
177m4Lu | 2771.7(5) keV | 625(62) ns | IT | 177Lu | 33/2+ | ||||||||||||||
177m5Lu | 3530.4(6) keV | 6(2) μs | IT | 177Lu | 39/2− | ||||||||||||||
178Lu | 71 | 107 | 177.9459601(24) | 28.4(2) min | β− | 178Hf | 1+ | ||||||||||||
178mLu | 123.8(26) keV | 23.1(3) min | β− | 178Hf | 9− | ||||||||||||||
179Lu | 71 | 108 | 178.9473330(55) | 4.59(6) h | β− | 179Hf | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
179mLu | 592.4(4) keV | 3.1(9) ms | IT | 179Lu | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||||
180Lu | 71 | 109 | 179.949891(76) | 5.7(1) min | β− | 180Hf | 5+ | ||||||||||||
180m1Lu | 13.9(3) keV | ~1 s | 3− | ||||||||||||||||
180m2Lu | 624.0(5) keV | >1 ms | IT | 180Lu | (9−) | ||||||||||||||
181Lu | 71 | 110 | 180.95191(14) | 3.5(3) min | β− | 181Hf | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||
182Lu | 71 | 111 | 181.95516(22)# | 2.0(2) min | β− | 182Hf | 1−# | ||||||||||||
183Lu | 71 | 112 | 182.957363(86) | 58(4) s | β− | 183Hf | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||
184Lu | 71 | 113 | 183.96103(22)# | 20(3) s | β− | 184Hf | (3+) | ||||||||||||
185Lu | 71 | 114 | 184.96354(32)# | 20# s [>300 ns] | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||||
186Lu | 71 | 115 | 185.96745(43)# | 6# s [>300 ns] | |||||||||||||||
187Lu | 71 | 116 | 186.97019(43)# | 7# s [>300 ns] | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||||
188Lu | 71 | 117 | 187.97443(43)# | 1# s [>300 ns] | |||||||||||||||
189Lu [8] | 71 | 118 | |||||||||||||||||
190Lu [9] | 71 | 119 | |||||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
EC: | Electron capture |
IT: | Isomeric transition |
p: | Proton emission |
Lutetium (177Lu) chloride, sold under the brand name Lumark among others, is used for radiolabeling other medicines, either as an anti-cancer therapy or for scintigraphy (medical radio-imaging). Its most common side effects are anaemia (low red blood cell counts), thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts), leucopenia (low white blood cell counts), lymphopenia (low levels of lymphocytes, a particular type of white blood cell), nausea (feeling sick), vomiting and mild and temporary hair loss. [10] [11]
Daughter products other than lutetium
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