Isotopes of rhodium

Last updated
Main isotopes of rhodium  (45Rh)
Iso­tope Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
99Rh syn 16.1 d ε 99Ru
γ –
101m Rhsyn 4.34 d ε 101Ru
IT 101Rh
γ–
101Rhsyn 3.3 y ε101Ru
γ–
102mRhsyn3.7 yε 102Ru
γ–
102Rhsyn 207 d ε102Ru
β+ 102Ru
β− 102Pd
γ–
103Rh100% stable
105Rhsyn35.36 hβ− 105Pd
γ–
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Rh)
  • 102.90549±0.00002
  • 102.91±0.01 (abridged) [1] [2]

Naturally occurring rhodium (45Rh) is composed of only one stable isotope, 103Rh. [3] The most stable radioisotopes are 101Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, 102Rh with a half-life of 207 days, and 99Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 88.949  u (89Rh) to 121.943 u (122Rh). Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour except 100Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and 105Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous meta states with the most stable being 102mRh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 3.7 years and 101mRh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days.

The primary decay mode before the only stable isotope, 103Rh, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before 103Rh is ruthenium and the primary product after is palladium.

List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
[n 2] [n 3] 		Half-life
[n 4] 		Decay
mode
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6] 		Spin and
parity
[n 7] [n 4] 		Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy [n 4] Normal proportionRange of variation
89Rh454488.94884(48)#10# ms
[>1.5 μs]		 β+ 89Ru7/2+#
90Rh454589.94287(54)#15(7) ms
[12(+9−4) ms]		β+90Ru0+#
90mRh0(500)# keV1.1(3) s
[1.0(+3−2) s]		9+#
91Rh454690.93655(43)#1.74(14) sβ+91Ru7/2+#
91mRh1.46(11) s(1/2−)
92Rh454791.93198(43)#4.3(13) sβ+92Ru(6+)
92mRh4.66(25) s
[2.9(+15−8) s]		(≥6+)
93Rh454892.92574(43)#11.9(7) sβ+93Ru9/2+#
94Rh454993.92170(48)#70.6(6) sβ+ (98.2%)94Ru(2+, 4+)
β+, p (1.79%)93Tc
94mRh300(200)# keV25.8(2) sβ+94Ru(8+)
95Rh455094.91590(16)5.02(10) minβ+95Ru(9/2)+
95mRh543.3(3) keV1.96(4) min IT (88%)95Rh(1/2)−
β+ (12%)95Ru
96Rh455195.914461(14)9.90(10) minβ+96Ru(6+)
96mRh52.0(1) keV1.51(2) minIT (60%)96Rh(3+)
β+ (40%)96Ru
97Rh455296.91134(4)30.7(6) minβ+97Ru9/2+
97mRh258.85(17) keV46.2(16) minβ+ (94.4%)97Ru1/2−
IT (5.6%)97Rh
98Rh455397.910708(13)8.72(12) minβ+98Ru(2)+
98mRh60(50)# keV3.6(2) minIT98Rh(5+)
β+98Ru
99Rh455498.908132(8)16.1(2) dβ+99Ru1/2−
99mRh64.3(4) keV4.7(1) hβ+ (99.83%)99Ru9/2+
IT (.16%)99Rh
100Rh455599.908122(20)20.8(1) hβ+100Ru1−
100m1Rh107.6(2) keV4.6(2) minIT (98.3%)100Rh(5+)
β+ (1.7%)100Ru
100m2Rh74.78(2) keV214.0(20) ns(2)+
100m3Rh112.0+X keV130(10) ns(7+)
101Rh4556100.906164(18)3.3(3) y EC 101Ru1/2−
101mRh157.32(4) keV4.34(1) dEC (93.6%)101Ru9/2+
IT (6.4%)101Rh
102Rh4557101.906843(5)207.0(15) dβ+ (80%)102Ru(1−, 2−)
β− (20%)102Pd
102mRh140.75(8) keV3.742(10) yβ+ (99.77%)102Ru6+
IT (.23%)102Rh
103Rh [n 8] 4558102.905504(3)Stable [n 9] 1/2−1.0000
103mRh39.756(6) keV56.114(9) minIT103Rh7/2+
104Rh4559103.906656(3)42.3(4) sβ− (99.55%)104Pd1+
β+ (.449%)104Ru
104mRh128.967(4) keV4.34(3) min5+
105Rh [n 8] 4560104.905694(4)35.36(6) hβ−105Pd7/2+
105mRh129.781(4) keV42.9(3) sIT105Rh1/2−
β−105Pd
106Rh4561105.907287(8)29.80(8) sβ−106Pd1+
106mRh136(12) keV131(2) minβ−106Pd(6)+
107Rh4562106.906748(13)21.7(4) minβ−107Pd7/2+
107mRh268.36(4) keV>10 μs1/2−
108Rh4563107.90873(11)16.8(5) sβ−108Pd1+
108mRh−60(110) keV6.0(3) minβ−108Pd(5)(+#)
109Rh4564108.908737(13)80(2) sβ−109Pd7/2+
110Rh4565109.91114(5)28.5(15) sβ−110Pd(>3)(+#)
110mRh−60(50) keV3.2(2) sβ−110Pd1+
111Rh4566110.91159(3)11(1) sβ−111Pd(7/2+)
112Rh4567111.91439(6)3.45(37) sβ−112Pd1+
112mRh330(70) keV6.73(15) sβ−112Pd(4, 5, 6)
113Rh4568112.91553(5)2.80(12) sβ−113Pd(7/2+)
114Rh4569113.91881(12)1.85(5) sβ− (>99.9%)114Pd1+
β−, n (<.1%)113Pd
114mRh200(150)# keV1.85(5) sβ−114Pd(4, 5)
115Rh4570114.92033(9)0.99(5) sβ−115Pd(7/2+)#
116Rh4571115.92406(15)0.68(6) sβ− (>99.9%)116Pd1+
β−, n (<.1%)115Pd
116mRh200(150)# keV570(50) msβ−116Pd(6−)
117Rh4572116.92598(54)#0.44(4) sβ−117Pd(7/2+)#
118Rh4573117.93007(54)#310(30) msβ−118Pd(4−10)(+#)
119Rh4574118.93211(64)#300# ms
[>300 ns]		β−119Pd7/2+#
120Rh4575119.93641(64)#200# ms
[>300 ns]		β−120Pd
121Rh4576120.93872(97)#100# ms
[>300 ns]		β−121Pd7/2+#
122Rh4577121.94321(75)#50# ms
[>300 ns]
This table header & footer:
  1. ↑ mRh – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. 1 2 3 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. 1 2 Fission product
  9. ↑ Theoretically capable of spontaneous fission

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References

  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhodium". CIAAW. 2017.
  2. ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry . 88 (3): 265–91. doi: 10.1515/pac-2015-0305 .
  3. ↑ John W. Arblaster (April 2011). "The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes. The thirty-eight known rhodium isotopes found between 1934 and 2010". Platinum Metals Review. 55 (2): 124–134. doi: 10.1595/147106711X555656 .
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