Isotopes of polonium

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Isotopes of polonium  (84Po)
Main isotopes [1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
206Po synth 8.8 d β+ 94.5% 206Bi
α 5.45% 202Pb
208Posynth2.898 yα 204Pb
β+<0.01% 208Bi
209Posynth124 yα99.5% 205Pb
β+0.454% 209Bi
210Po trace 138.376 dα 206Pb

There are 42 known isotopes of polonium (84Po), all radioactive, stretching from 186Po to 227Po. The isotopes 210 through 218 occur naturally in the four principal decay chains; of these, 210Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life and is, therefore, the most abundant by mass. It is also the most easily synthesized isotope, by neutron capture on natural bismuth, and so by far the most abundant artificial isotope as well.

Two other isotopes have longer lives: 209Po with a half-life of 124 years and 208Po with a half-life of 2.898 years. Both are made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons. [2]

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1]
Historic
name
Z N Isotopic mass (Da) [3]
[n 2] [n 3]
Half-life [1]
Decay
mode
[1]
Daughter
isotope

[n 4] [n 5]
Spin and
parity [1]
[n 6] [n 7]
Isotopic
abundance
Excitation energy [n 7]
186Po84102186.004403(20)28+16
−6
 μs

α 182Pb0+
187Po84103187.003030(40)1.40(25) msα183Pb1/2−, 5/2−
187mPo [n 8] 4(27) keV0.5 msα183Pb13/2+#
188Po84104187.999416(21)270(30) μsα184Pb0+
189Po84105188.998473(24)3.5(5) msα185Pb(5/2−)
190Po84106189.995102(14)2.45(5) msα186Pb0+
191Po84107190.994558(8)22(1) msα187Pb3/2−
191mPo61(11) keV93(3) msα187mPb13/2+
192Po84108191.991340(11)32.2(3) msα188Pb0+
192mPo2294.6(10) keV580(100) ns IT 192Po11−
193Po84109192.991062(16)399(34) msα189Pb3/2−
193mPo100(6) keV245(11) msα189mPb13/2+
194Po84110193.988186(14)392(4) msα190Pb0+
194mPo2313.4(3) keV12.9(5) μsIT194Po(10−)
195Po84111194.988066(6)4.64(9) sα (94%)191Pb3/2−
β+ (6%)195Bi
195mPo148(9) keV1.92(2) sα191mPb13/2+
196Po84112195.985541(6)5.63(7) sα (94%)192Pb0+
β+ (6%)196Bi
196mPo2493.9(4) keV856(17) nsIT196Po11−
197Po84113196.985622(11)53.6(9) sβ+ (56%)197Bi(3/2−)
α (44%)193Pb
197mPo196(12) keV25.8(1) sα (84%)193mPb13/2+
β+ ?197Bi
IT ?197Po
198Po84114197.983389(19)1.760(24) minα (57%)194Pb0+
β+ (43%)198Bi
198m1Po2565.92(20) keV200(20) nsIT198Po11−
198m2Po2740(50)# keV750(50) nsIT198Po12+
199Po84115198.983640(6)5.47(15) minβ+ (92.5%)199Bi3/2−
α (7.5%)195Pb
199mPo311.7(27) keV4.17(5) minβ+ (73.5%)199Bi13/2+
α (24%)195Pb
IT (2.5%)199Po
200Po84116199.981812(8)11.51(8) minβ+ (88.9%)200Bi0+
α (11.1%)196Pb
200m1Po2596.1(3) keV100(10) nsIT200Po11-
200m2Po2817(7) keV268(3) nsIT200Po12+
201Po84117200.982264(5)15.6(1) minβ+ (98.87%)201Bi3/2−
α (1.13%)197Pb
201mPo423.8(24) keV8.96(12) minIT (56.2(12)%)201Po13/2+
β+ (41.4(7)%)201Bi
α (2.4(5)%)197Pb
202Po84118201.980739(9)44.6(4) minβ+ (98.08%)202Bi0+
α (1.92%)198Pb
202mPo1712(12) keV110(15) nsIT202Po8+
203Po84119202.981416(5)36.7(5) minβ+ (99.89%)203Bi5/2−
α (0.11%)199Pb
203m1Po641.68(14) keV45(2) sIT203Po13/2+
α ?199Pb
203m2Po2158.5(6) keV>200 nsIT203Po
204Po84120203.980310(11)3.519(12) hβ+ (99.33%)204Bi0+
α (0.67%)200Pb
204mPo1639.03(6) keV158.6(18) nsIT208Po8+
205Po84121204.981190(11)1.74(8) hβ+ (99.96%)205Bi5/2−
α (0.04%)201Pb
205m1Po143.166(15) keV310(60) nsIT205Po1/2−
205m2Po880.31(4) keV645(20) μsIT205Po13/2+
205m3Po1461.21(21) keV57.4(9) msIT205Po19/2−
205m4Po3087.2(4) keV115(10) nsIT205Po29/2−
206Po84122205.980474(4)8.8(1) dβ+ (94.55%)206Bi0+
α (5.45%)202Pb
206m1Po1585.90(11) keV232(4) nsIT206Po8+
206m2Po2262.09(12) keV1.05(6) μsIT206Po9−
207Po84123206.981593(7)5.80(2) hβ+ (99.979%)207Bi5/2−
α (0.021%)203Pb
207m1Po68.557(14) keV205(10) nsIT207Po1/2−
207m2Po1115.076(17) keV49(4) μsIT207Po13/2+
207m3Po1383.16(7) keV2.79(8) sIT207Po19/2−
208Po84124207.9812460(18)2.898(2) yα204Pb0+
β+ (0.0042%)208Bi
208mPo1528.22(4) keV373(8) nsIT208Po8+
209Po84125208.9824304(19)124(3) yα (99.546%)205Pb1/2−
β+ (0.454%)209Bi
209mPo4265.4(3) keV119(4) nsIT209Po31/2−
210Po [n 9] Radium F84126209.9828737(12)138.376(2) dα206Pb0+Trace [n 10]
210m1Po1556.97(3) keV98.9(25) nsIT210Po8+
210m2Po5057.65(5) keV263(5) nsIT210Po16+
211PoActinium C'84127210.9866532(13)516(3) msα207Pb9/2+Trace [n 11]
211m1Po1462(5) keV25.2(6) sα (99.984%)207Pb(25/2+)
IT (0.016%)211Po
211m2Po2135(5) keV243(21) nsIT211Po(31/2−)
211m3Po4872(6) keV2.8(7) μsIT211Po(43/2+)
212PoThorium C'84128211.9888680(12)294.4(8) nsα208Pb0+Trace [n 12]
212mPo2923(4) keV45.1(6) sα (99.93%)208Pb(18+)
IT (0.07%)212Po
213Po84129212.992857(3)3.705(1) μsα209Pb9/2+Trace [n 13]
214PoRadium C'84130213.9952013(16)163.47(3) μsα210Pb0+Trace [n 10]
215PoActinium A84131214.9994184(23)1.781(5) msα211Pb9/2+Trace [n 11]
β (2.3×10−4%)215At
216PoThorium A84132216.0019134(19)144.0(6) msα [n 14] 212Pb0+Trace [n 12]
217Po84133217.006316(7)1.53(5) sα (97.5%)213Pb(9/2+)Trace [n 13]
β (2.5%)217At
218PoRadium A84134218.0089712(21)3.097(12) minα (99.98%)214Pb0+Trace [n 10]
β (0.02%)218At
219Po84135219.013614(17)10.3(10) minβ (71.8%)219At9/2+#
α (28.2%)215Pb
220Po84136220.016386(19)10# s
[>300 ns]
β ?220At0+
221Po84137221.021228(21)2.2 +/- 0.7 minβ221At9/2+#
222Po84138222.02414(4)9.1 +/- 7.2 minβ222At0+
223Po84139223.02907(21)#6# s
[>300 ns]
β ?223At11/2+#
224Po84140224.03211(21)#3# min
[>300 ns]
β ?224At0+
225Po84141225.03712(32)#10# s
[>300 ns]
β ?225At3/2+#
226Po84142226.04031(43)#1# min
[>300 ns]
β ?226At0+
227Po84143227.04539(43)#2# s
[>300 ns]
β ?227At5/2+#
This table header & footer:
  1. mPo  Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ()  Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. #  Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. Bold italics symbol as daughter  Daughter product is nearly stable.
  5. Bold symbol as daughter  Daughter product is stable.
  6. () spin value  Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  7. 1 2 #  Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  8. Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
  9. Most common isotope
  10. 1 2 3 Intermediate decay product of 238U
  11. 1 2 Intermediate decay product of 235U
  12. 1 2 Intermediate decay product of 232Th
  13. 1 2 Intermediate decay product of 237Np
  14. Theoretically capable of ββ decay to 216Rn

Daughter products other than polonium

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN   978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN   0074-1914.
  3. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.