Isotopes of dysprosium

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Isotopes of dysprosium  (66Dy)
Main isotopes [1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
154Dy synth 1.40×106 y [2] α 150Gd
156Dy0.056% stable
158Dy0.095%stable
160Dy2.33%stable
161Dy18.9%stable
162Dy25.5%stable
163Dy24.9%stable
164Dy28.3%stable
165Dysynth2.334 hβ−165Ho
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Dy)
  • 162.500±0.001
  • 162.50±0.01 (abridged) [3] [4]

Naturally occurring dysprosium (66Dy) is composed of 7 stable isotopes, 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy and 164Dy, with 164Dy being the most abundant (28.18% natural abundance). Twenty-nine radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 154Dy with a half-life of 1.4 million years, 159Dy with a half-life of 144.4 days, and 166Dy with a half-life of 81.6 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 10 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 30 seconds. This element also has 12 meta states, with the most stable being 165mDy (half-life 1.257 minutes), 147mDy (half-life 55.7 seconds) and 145mDy (half-life 13.6 seconds).

Contents

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 164Dy, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 164Dy are terbium isotopes, and the primary products after are holmium isotopes. Dysprosium is the heaviest element to have isotopes that are predicted to be stable rather than observationally stable isotopes that are predicted to be radioactive.

List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
[n 2] [n 3] 		Half-life
[n 4] 		Decay
mode
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6] 		Spin and
parity
[n 7] [n 4] 		Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energyNormal proportionRange of variation
138Dy6672137.96249(64)#200# ms0+
139Dy6673138.95954(54)#600(200) ms7/2+#
140Dy6674139.95401(54)#700# ms β+ 140Tb0+
140mDy2166.1(5) keV7.0(5) μs(8−)
141Dy6675140.95135(32)#0.9(2) sβ+141Tb(9/2−)
β+, p (rare)140Gd
142Dy6676141.94637(39)#2.3(3) sβ+ (90(4)%)142Tb0+
EC (10(4)%)
β+, p (.06%)141Gd
143Dy6677142.94383(21)#5.6(10) sβ+143Tb(1/2+)
β+, p (rare)142Gd
143mDy310.7(6) keV3.0(3) s(11/2−)
144Dy6678143.93925(3)9.1(4) sβ+144Tb0+
β+, p (rare)143Gd
145Dy6679144.93743(5)9.5(10) sβ+145Tb(1/2+)
β+, p (rare)144Gd
145mDy118.2(2) keV14.1(7) sβ+145Tb(11/2−)
146Dy6680145.932845(29)33.2(7) sβ+146Tb0+
146mDy2935.7(6) keV150(20) ms IT 146Dy(10+)#
147Dy6681146.931092(21)40(10) sβ+ (99.95%)147Tb1/2+
β+, p (.05%)146Tb
147m1Dy750.5(4) keV55(1) sβ+ (65%)147Tb11/2−
IT (35%)147Dy
147m2Dy3407.2(8) keV0.40(1) μs(27/2−)
148Dy6682147.927150(11)3.3(2) minβ+148Tb0+
149Dy6683148.927305(9)4.20(14) minβ+149Tb7/2(−)
149mDy2661.1(4) keV490(15) msIT (99.3%)149Dy(27/2−)
β+ (.7%)149Tb
150Dy6684149.925585(5)7.17(5) minβ+ (64%)150Tb0+
α (36%)146Gd
151Dy6685150.926185(4)17.9(3) minβ+ (94.4%)151Tb7/2(−)
α (5.6%)147Gd
152Dy6686151.924718(6)2.38(2) hEC (99.9%)152Tb0+
α (.1%)148Gd
153Dy6687152.925765(5)6.4(1) hβ+ (99.99%)153Tb7/2(−)
α (.00939%)149Gd
154Dy6688153.924424(8)1.40(8)×106 y [5] α150Gd0+
155Dy6689154.925754(13)9.9(2) hβ+155Tb3/2−
155mDy234.33(3) keV6(1) μs11/2−
156Dy6690155.924283(7) Observationally Stable [n 8] 0+5.6(3)×10−4
157Dy6691156.925466(7)8.14(4) hβ+157Tb3/2−
157m1Dy161.99(3) keV1.3(2) μs9/2+
157m2Dy199.38(7) keV21.6(16) msIT157Dy11/2−
158Dy6692157.924409(4)Observationally Stable [n 9] 0+9.5(3)×10−4
159Dy6693158.9257392(29)144.4(2) dEC159Tb3/2−
159mDy352.77(14) keV122(3) μs11/2−
160Dy6694159.9251975(27)Observationally Stable [n 10] 0+0.02329(18)
161Dy6695160.9269334(27)Observationally Stable [n 11] 5/2+0.18889(42)
162Dy6696161.9267984(27)Observationally Stable [n 12] 0+0.25475(36)
163Dy6697162.9287312(27)Stable [n 13] [6] 5/2−0.24896(42)
164Dy [n 14] 6698163.9291748(27)Stable0+0.28260(54)
165Dy6699164.9317033(27)2.334(1) hβ−165Ho7/2+
165mDy108.160(3) keV1.257(6) minIT (97.76%)165Dy1/2−
β− (2.24%)165Ho
166Dy66100165.9328067(28)81.6(1) hβ−166Ho0+
167Dy66101166.93566(6)6.20(8) minβ−167Ho(1/2−)
168Dy66102167.93713(15)8.7(3) minβ−168Ho0+
169Dy66103168.94031(32)39(8) sβ−169Ho(5/2−)
170Dy66104169.94239(21)#30# sβ−170Ho0+
171Dy66105170.94620(32)#6# sβ−171Ho7/2−#
172Dy66106171.94876(43)#3# sβ−172Ho0+
173Dy66107172.95300(54)#2# sβ−173Ho9/2+#
This table header & footer:
  1. ↑ mDy – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. 1 2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
    p: Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 152Gd or β+β+ decay to 156Gd with a half-life over 1018 years
  9. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 154Gd or β+β+ decay to 158Gd
  10. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 156Gd
  11. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 157Gd
  12. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 158Gd
  13. ↑ Can undergo bound-state β− decay to 163Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully ionized
  14. ↑ Heaviest theoretically stable nuclide

Dysprosium-165

The radioactive isotope 165Dy, with a half-life of 2.334 hours, has radiopharmaceutical uses in radiation synovectomy of the knee. It had been previously performed with colloidal-sized particles containing longer-lived isotopes such as 198Au and 90Y. The major problem with the usage of those isotopes was radiation leakage out of the knee. 165Dy, with its shorter half-life, is more suitable for the procedure as radiation leakage can only occur in its short half-life. [7]

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References

  1. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ↑ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 12 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6. ISSN   2045-2322.
  3. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Dysprosium". CIAAW. 2001.
  4. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN   1365-3075.
  5. ↑ Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea (2022-05-28). "High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154". Scientific Reports. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 12 (1): 8988. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.8988C. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6 . ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   9148308 . PMID   35643721.
  6. ↑ M. Jung; et al. (1992-10-12). "First observation of bound-state β− decay". Physical Review Letters. 69 (15): 2164–2167. Bibcode:1992PhRvL..69.2164J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2164. PMID   10046415.
  7. ↑ Hnatowich, D. J.; Kramer, R. I.; Sledge, C. B.; Noble, J.; Shortkroff, S. (1978-03-01). "Dysprosium-165 ferric hydroxide macroaggregates for radiation synovectomy. [Rabbits]". J. Nucl. Med.; (United States). 19 (3). OSTI   5045140.
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