List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

See also: List of automobile manufacturers of the United States

This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.

Contents: 

• Top
• 0–9
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

A

• A Automobile Company (1910–1913)
  'Blue & Gold, Red John, model ^[1]
• Abbott-Detroit (1909–1918)
  Moved to Cleveland and renamed to 'Abbott' in 1917. ^[2]
• Abeln-Zehr (1911–1912)
  Renamed to 'Zehr' after departure of S. Abeln in 1912. ^[3]
• AC Propulsion (1997–2003)
  tzero model
• Apex Motor Car Company (1920–1922)
  Ace model
• Acme Motor Car Company (1903–1911)
• Adams Company (1905–1912)
  'Adams-Farwell' model
• Anger Engineering Company (1913–1915) ^[4] (also known as A.E.C., but not the same company as the British A.E.C.)
• Aerocar Company (1905–1908)
• Aerocar International (1946–1987)
• Aircraft Products (1947)
  Airscoot model
• Airway (1949–1950) ^[5]
• Ajax Motors Co. (1914–1915)
  Based in Seattle
• Ajax Motor Vehicle Company (1901–1903)
  Based in New York City
• Aland Motor Car Company (1916–1917)
• Albany Automobile Company (1907–1908)
• Alden Sampson Company (1904)
  Sampson model
• Albaugh-Dover Co. (1910–1911)
  Also known as Aldo
• All-Steel Motor Car Co. (1915–1916)
• Allen Motor Company (1913–1922)
  Based in Ohio ^[6]
• Allen Iron & Steel Company (1913–1914)
  Based in Philadelphia ^[7]
• Alpena Motor Company (1910–1914) ^[8]
• Alter Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
• Altham (1896–1899)
• Alcoa (1920–1922)
  'Aluminum' model ^[9]
• Amalgamated Machinery Corp (1917–1919)
• Ambassador (1921–1925) ^{[10] [11]}
• American Automobile Manufacturing Company (1911–1912) ^[10]
  Jonz and American models. Based in Indiana.
• American Automobile and Power Company (1904–1905)
  Populaire model
• American Automobile Co. (1899–1901) ^[10]
  Based in New York
• American Cyclecar Co. (1914) ^[10]
• American Austin (1929–1941)
  Renamed to 'American Bantam' in 1935 ^[10]
• American Beauty (1918–1920) ^[12]
• American Electric (1913–1914)
  Based in Michigan
• American Electric Vehicle Co. (1896–1902)
  Based in Chicago
• American Locomotive Automobile Company (1908–1913) ^[10]
  Also known as Alco
• American Metal Wheel & Auto Co (1907)
  Juvenile model
• American Mors (1906–1909) ^[10]
• American Motor Car Company (1906–1914)
• American Motor Company (1895–1902) ^[13]
• American Motor Carriage Co. (1902–1904) ^[10]
• American Motor Vehicle Co. (1916–1920)
  Junior model
• American Motors (1954–1987)
  Also known as AMC
• American Motors Co. (1906–1924) ^{[10] [14]}
  Balanced Six model. Based in New Jersey
• American Motors Incorporated (1917–1922)
  Amco model. Based in New York
• American Power Carriage (1899–1900) ^[10]
• American Simplex (1906–1913)
  Renamed to Amplex in 1910
• American Steam Automobile Co. (1924–1931)
  Based in Massachusetts
• American Steam Truck Co. (1922–1924)
  Based in Illinois
• American Voiturette (1913–1914) ^[3]
  Car-Nation models
• American Waltham (1898–1899)
• American Wheelock ^{[15] [ when? ]}
• Ames, F.A. Co. (1910–1922)
  Renamed to 'Ames Body Corporation' in 1915 ^{[10] [16]}
• Ams-Sterling (1917) ^[10]
• Anchor Buggy & Carriage Co. (1910–1911)
• Anderson Automobile Co. (1916–1925) ^[10]
• Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co. (1907–1910) ^{[17] [18] [19] [20]}
• Anderson Machine Co. (1906) ^[17]
• Anger Engineering Company (1912–1915) ^[21]
  Also known as A.E.C.
• Angus (1907–1910) ^[10]
  Fuller model
• Anheuser-Busch (1905) ^[22]
  Built in St. Louis by the beer company
• Anhut (1909–1910) ^[23]
• Ansted (1926–1927)
• Ansted-Lexington (1922)
• Anthony (1899–1900) ^[10]
• Apperson (1902–1926)
• Apple Automobile Company (1917–1918)
• Arabian (1915–1917) ^[24]
• ArBenz (1911–1918) ^[10]
• Ardsley Motor Car Co. (1905–1906)
• Argo Electric Vehicle Co. (1912–1916)
  Based in Saginaw, Michigan.
• Argo Motor Co. (1914–1916)
  Based in Jackson, Michigan.
• Ariel Company (1905–1907)
• Aristos ^{[10] [ when? ]}
• Armstrong Electric (1885–1902)
• Arnolt, S.H. Inc. (1953–1954) ^[5]
• Artzberger (1904) ^[25]
• Atlas Automobile Co. (1906–1907)
  Based in Pittsburgh
• Atlas Motor Car Co. (1907–1913)
  Based in Massachusetts. Renamed to 'Atlas-Knight' in 1912.
• Auburn Automobile Co. (1900–1936)
  Based in Indiana
• Auburn Motor Chassis (1912–1915) ^[26]
• Aultman (1901)
• Aurora Automobile Co. (1905–1906) ^{[10] [26]}
  Formerly 'Aurora Carriage Top Company'
• Aurora Automatic Machinery Co. (1907–1909) ^[26]
• Austen ^{[10] [ when? ]}
• Austin Automobile Company (1901–1921) ^[10]
• Auto-Bug (1909–1910) ^[10]
• Auto Cub (1956)
• Auto Cycle (1906–1907) ^[10]
• Auto Dynamic (1900–1902) ^[10]
• Autoette Electric Car Co. (1948–1970)
• Automatic Transportation Co. (1921) ^[10]
• Automobile Fore Carriage (1900) ^[27]
• Automobile Voiturette ^{[10] [ when? ]}
• Automotor (1901–1904) ^[10]
• Autoparts Manufacturing Co. (1910)
  King-Remick model
• Auto Tricar (1914) ^[10]
• Auto Vehicle ^{[10] [ when? ]}
• Avanti Motor Co. (1963–2007)
• Avery Company (1891–1928) Tractor, truck and car manufacturer

B

• Babcock, H.H. Company (1909–1913) ^[10]
• Babcock Electric Carriage Co. (1906–1912)
• Baby Moose (1914)
• Bachelle Electric (1900–1903) ^[10]
• Bacon (1901, 1919–1920) ^[10]
• Badger (1910–1911) ^[28]
  Based in Wisconsin
• Bailey (1907–1910) ^[10]
• Baker Electric (1899–1916) ^[29]
  Based in Cleveland
• Balboa (1924–1925) ^[10]
• Baldner (1900–1903) ^[10]
• Baldwin (1899–1901) ^[10]
• Ball Steam (1868, 1902) ^[10]
• Balzer (1894–1900)
• Banker (1905) ^[10]
• Bantam (1914) ^[12]
  Distinct from American Bantam
• Barbarino (1923–1925) ^[10]
• Barley Motor Car Co. (1916–1929)
• Barrows Electric (1895–1899) ^[30]
• Bates Automobile Company (1904–1905)
• Bauer (1914–1916) ^{[10] [ where? ]}
• Bay State (1907–1908) ^[10]
• Bean-Chamberlain Manufacturing Co. (1901–1902)
  Hudson model
• Beardsley (1914–1917) ^[10]
• Beechcraft (1946) ^[5]
• Beggs (1919–1923) ^{[10] [31]}
• Belden (1907–1911) ^[10]
• Bell Motor Car Company (1916–1922) ^[32]
  Based in Pennsylvania
• Belmont Electric Auto Co. (1909–1910)
• Belmont (1916) ^{[10] [ where? ]}
• Bendix (1908–1909) ^[10]
• Benham Manufacturing Co. (1914)
• Ben Hur (1917–1918) ^[29]
  Based in Cleveland
• Benner (1909) ^[10]
• Berg (1903–1905) ^[2]
  Based in Cleveland
• Bergdoll (1910–1913) ^[10]
• Berwick Auto Car Co. (1904)
• Berkshire (1905–1912) ^[10]
• Berliet ^{[10] [ when? ]}
• Bertolet (1908–1910) ^[10]
• Bethlehem ^{[22] [ when? ]}
• Beverly (1904) ^[10]
• Bi-Autogo (1908–1912) ^[33]
• Biddle (1915–1922)
• Beisel Motorette Company (1914)
• Bimel (1916–1917) ^[10]
• Binghamton Electric (1920)
• Binney & Burnham (1901–1902)
• Birch Motor Cars (1916–1923) ^[12]
• Birmingham Motors (1921–1923) ^[10]
• Black (1893, 1896–1900)^{[ where? ]}
• Black Motor Company (1908–1910) ^[34] Renamed to 'Black-Crow' in 1909
• Blackhawk (1903) ^[10]
• Blackhawk (1929–1930)
• Bliss (1906)
• B.L.M. (1906–1907) ^[10]
• Blomstrom (C.H.) Motor Co. (1902–1903) ^{[10] [ where? ]}
• Blomstrom Manufacturing Co. (1907–1908) ^[10]
  Gyroscope model, based in Michigan.
• Blood Brothers Auto and Machine Company (1902–1906)
• BMC (1952) ^[5]
  Distinct from the British brand
• Boardman (1946) ^[5]
• Bobbi-Kar (1945–1947) ^[5]
• Boisselot (1901) ^[10]
• Borbein Electric (1900, 1904–1909) ^[10]
• Borland Electric (1910–1916) ^[10]
• Boss Steam Car (1897–1909) ^[35]
• Boston-Amesbury (1902–1903) ^[10]
• Boston High Wheel (1907) ^[10]
• Bour-Davis Co. (1915–1922)
• Bournonville ^{[10] [ when? ]}
• Bowman Motor Car Company (1921–1922) ^[10]
• Bramwell (1904–1905) ^{[10] [ where? ]}
• Bramwell-Robinson (1899–1902) ^{[10] [ where? ]}
• Brasie (1914–1916) ^[10]
• Brazier (1902–1903) ^[10]
• Brecht (1901–1903) ^[35]
• Brennan (1902–1908) ^[10]
• Brew-Hatcher (1904–1905)
• Brewster & Co. (1915–1925, 1934–1937)
• Briggs and Stratton (1919–1923) ^[10]
  Smith Flyer model
• Briggs-Detroiter Motor Car Co. (1912–1917)
• Brightwood ^{[10] [ when? ]}
• Briscoe Motor Co. (1913–1923)
• Bristol (1903–1904) ^[35]
• Broc Electric (1909–1916) ^[29]
  Based in Cleveland
• Brogan (1946–1950) ^[5]
• Brook (1920–1921) ^[10]
• Brooks Steamer (1927) ^[10]
• Brown (1914) ^[10]
• Brownie (1916) ^[36]
• Browniekar (1908–1911) ^[36]
• Brush Motor Car Company (1907–1912)
• Bryan Steam Car (1918–1923)
• Buckeye (1895) ^[37]
  Based in Indiana
• Buckmobile (1903–1905)
• Buffalo Automobile and Auto-Bi Company (1900–1902) ^[10]
• Buffalo Electric (1912–1915)
• Buffum (1901–1907)
• Buggy Car Company (1908–1909) ^[10]
• Bugmobile (1907–1909) ^[38]
  Based in Chicago
• Burdick (1909) ^[36]
• Burg (1910–1913) ^[36]
• Burns (1908–1912) ^[36]
• Burrows (1914–1915)
• Burtt Manufacturing Co. (1902–1906) ^[10]
  Cannon model
• Bush (1916–1924)

C

• C-A-C (1914–1915)
• Cady Automobile Company (1899) ^[39]
• California (1900–1902, 1910) ^[40]
• Caloric (1903–1904)
• Camelot Motors (1981) ^[39]
• Cameron (1903–1920) ^[41]
• Campbell (1918–1919) ^[36]
• Canda (1900–1902) ^[36]
• Cannon (1902–1906)
• Canoo (2017–2025) ^[42]
• Cantono Electric (1904–1907) ^[36]
• Car de Luxe (1906–1910)
• Carbon Motors Corporation (2003–2013)
• Cardway (1923–1924) ^[36]
• Carhart (1871) ^[36]
• Carhartt Automobile Company (1910–1912)
• Carlson (1904) ^[36]
• Carrol ^{[36] [ when? ]}
• Carroll (1908) ^[36]
  Distinct from Carrol
• Carroll Six (1921–1922)
• Carter Twin-Engine (1907–1908)
• Cartercar (1905–1916)
• Carthage (1914–1915) ^[36]
• Case (1911–1927) ^[43]
  Based in Wisconsin
• C.B (1917–1918) ^[36]
• Ceco (1914–1915) ^[44]
  Based in Chicago
• Centaur (1902–1903) ^[36]
• Central (1905–1906) ^[36]
• Century (1900–1903) ^[36]
  'Tourist' model
• Century Motor Company (1911–1915) ^[36]
  Renamed to 'Century Electric Car Company' in 1915
• Century Steamer (1906) ^[35]
• Cornish-Friedberg Motor Car Co (1907–1909)
• Chadwick Engineering Works (1904–1916, 1960) ^[36]
• Chalfant (1905–1912) ^[36]
• Chalmers-Detroit (1908–1914)
  Renamed to Chalmers in 1911
• Champion (1916) ^[36]
• Chandler (1913–1929)
• Chapman Electric (1899–1901) ^[36]
• Charles Abresch Company (1899–circa 1965)
• Chase (1907–1912) ^[36]
• Checker Motors Corporation (1922–1982)
• Chelsea (1914) ^[36]
• Chicago (1902) ^[45]
• Chicago Electric (1899–1901) ^[36]
• Chicago Motor Buggy (1908)
• Chicago Recording Scale Co (1906–1907)
  Apollo model
• Chicago Steam Car (1905–1907) ^[36]
• Chief (1908) ^[12]
• Christie (1904–1910) ^[36]
• Christman (1901–1905, 1907) ^[36]
• Church-Field (1912–1913)
• Church Manufacturing Co (1903–1904)
  Lenawee model
• Cincinnati Steamer (1903–1904) ^[35]
• CinO (1910–1913) ^[36]
• Citicar (1974–1976)
• Clark (1901) ^[35]
• Clark Electric (1903–1905) ^[36]
• Clark & Company (1903–1904) ^[46]
  Clarkmobile model
• Classic (1916–1917, 1920) ^[36]
• Cleburne ^{[36] [ when? ]}
• Clénet Coachworks (1975–1980)
• Clermont ^{[35] [ when? ]}
• Cleveland (1902–1904) ^[2]
  Built in Cleveland
• Cleveland (1905–1909)
• Cleveland (1914) ^[2]
• Cleveland (1919–1926) ^[2]
• Climber (1919–1924) ^[47]
• Clinton E. Woods Electric (1897–1901) ^[48]
• Clipper (1956) ^{[49] [50]}
• Clough Steamer (1869) ^[48]
• Cloughley (1896–1903) ^[36]
• Club Car (1910–1911) ^[36]
• Clyde Special ^{[36] [ when? ]}
• Clymer (1908) ^[38]
  Based in Missouri
• Coates-Goshen (1908–1910)
• Coats Steam Car (1921–1923)
• Coda (2009–2013)
• Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company (1913–1917)
• Coggswell (1910–1911) ^[36]
• Colburn (1906–1911) ^[51]
  Based in Denver
• ColbyDenver (1911–1914) ^[36]
• Cole Motor Car Company (1909–1925) ^[52]
  Based in Indianapolis
• Colonial Motors Corporation (1921–1922) ^[36]
• Colonial Electric Car Company (1912)
• Colt (1907) ^[53]
  Based in New York
• Columbia (1897–1913)
• Columbian Electric ^{[36] [ when? ]}
• Columbia Motors (1916–1924) ^[36]
• Columbian Electric (1914–1917) ^[36]
  Distinct from 'Columbia Electric'
• Columbus Buggy Company (1907–1908) ^[36]
• Columbus Electric (1903–1915) ^[54]
  Based in Ohio
• Comet (1917–1922) ^[36]
  Based in Illinois
• Comet (1946–1951) ^[5]
• Commerce (1907–1908) ^[36]
• Commercial Motor Truck Company ^{[55] [ when? ]}
  Based in Ohio
• Commodore Motors Corporation (1921–1922) ^[36]
• Commonwealth (1917–1922) ^[36]
• Commuter Cars (1998)
• Comuta-Car (1979–1982) ^[56] (See its predecessor, the Citicar)
• Conrad (1900–1903) ^[35]
• Continental (1907–1908)
• Continental (1914) ^[57]
  Based in Minneapolis and Chicago
• Continental (1933–1934) ^[36]
• Continental (1956–1957)
• Corbin (1904–1912)
• Corbin (1999–2003)
• Corbitt (1907–1914) ^[36]
• Cord (1929–1932,1936–1937)
• Corinthian (1922–1923) ^[36]
• Cornelian (1914–1915) ^[36]
• Cornish-Friedberg ^{[36] [ when? ]}
• Correja (1909–1914)
• Corwin (1905–1906) ^[58]
  Gas-au-lec model
• Cosmopolitan (1907–1910) ^[36]
  Distinct from the Nash Cosmopolitan
• Cotta Steam (1901–1903) ^[35]
• Country Club (1903–1904) ^[36]
• Courier (1904–1905)
• Courier (1909–1911) ^[36]
• Courier Car Co (1912)
  'Clermont' model
• Covert (1902–1907)
• Coyote Special (1909–1910)
• C.R. Patterson and Sons (1915–1939), maker of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile and later buses and trucks. ^[59]
• Craig-Toledo (1907) ^[36]
• Crane (1912–1920) ^[36]
  Renamed to Crane-Simplex in 1915
• Crane & Breed (1912–1917)
• Crawford (1904–1923)
• Crescent (1913–1914) ^[36]
• Crestmobile (1901–1905)
• Cricket Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
• Criterion ^{[36] [ when? ]}
• Crompton (1902–1905) ^[35]
• Crosley (1939–1952)
• Crouch (1894–1900) ^[35]
• Crow-Elkhart (1911–1923) ^[60]
• Crowdus Electric (1899–1902) ^[36]
• Crown (1905–1907) ^[36]
• Crowther (1915–1917) ^[36]
  Renamed to 'Crowther-Duryea' in 1917
• Croxton-Keeton (1909–1914) ^[61]
  Renamed to 'Croxton' in 1911
• Cruiser (1917–1919) ^[36]
• Culver (1905) ^[36]
• Cunningham (1907–1936) ^[36]
• Cunningham Sports Cars (1951–1955) ^[5]
• Clark-Carter Automobile Co (1909–1913)
  Renamed to Cutting Motor Car Company in 1911; defunct c. 1912; last model year 1913.
• C.V.I. Motor Car Co (1907–1908) ^[36]

D

• Detroit Air-Cooled Car Company (1922–1923)
• Dagmar (1922–1927)
• Dale (1974)
• Daniels (1916–1924) ^[62]
• Dan Patch (1910–1911) ^[63]
• Darby Motor Car Company (1909–1910) ^[64]
• Darling (1901–1902) ^[65]
• Darrin (1946, 1955–1958) ^[5]
• Davenport (1902) ^[12]
• Davis (1908–1929)
• Davis Cyclecar Company (1914)
• Davis (1947–1949) ^[5]
• Davis Steam Car (1921) ^[66]
• Davis Totem (1921–1922)
• Dawson (1904) ^[36]
• Dawson Auto-Mobile [phone]) ^[67]
• Day Automobile Company (1911–1914)
• Dayton (1914)
• Dayton Electric (1911–1915) ^[68]
• Deal (1905–1911) ^[69]
• Decatur (1910–1911) ^[70]
• Decatur (1914–1915) ^[71]
• Decker (1902–1903) ^[36]
• Deere-Clark (1906; Deere 1907) ^[72]
• Deering Magnetic (1918–1919) ^[36]
• Defiance Motor Truck (1915–1920)/>
• De La Vergne (1895–1896)
• Delling (1924–1927) ^[35]
• Delmore (1921–1923) ^[36]
• DeLorean Motor Company (1975–1982)
• De Luxe Motor Car Company (1906–1908)
• De Mars Electric (1905–1906; Blakeslee Electric 1906; Williams Electric 1906–1907; Byrider Electric 1907–1910) ^[2]
• DeMot or DeMotCar (1910–1911) ^[36]
• De Motte (1904)
• Denneed (1916) ^[2]
• Derain (1908–1911) ^[73]
• Desberon (1901–1904) ^[36]
• De Schaum (1908–1909)
• Des Moines (1902)
• De Soto Motor Car Company (1913–1914) ^[74]
• DeSoto (1928–1961) ^[75]
• De Tamble (1908–1913) ^[36]
• Detroit Automobile Company (1899–1901)
• Detroit Automobile Manufacturing Company (1905) ^[59]
• Detroit Auto Vehicle Company (1904–1908)
• Detroit Cyclecar Company (1913–1914) ^[36]
• Detroit-Dearborn Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
• Detroit Electric (1907–1939)
• Detroiter (1912–1917) ^[36]
• Detroit-Oxford Motor Car Company (1905–1906)
• Detroit Steam Motors Corporation (1922)
• De Vaux-Hall Motors Company (1931–1932; Continental-De Vaux 1932)
• De Vaux Continental (1932–1934)
• DeWitt (1909–1910)
• Dewabout (1900–1901) ^[36]
• Dey Electric (1917–1919) ^[36]
• Dey Griswold (1895–1898) ^[76]
• Diamond (1914–1915) ^[77]
• Diamond T (1905–1967)
• Diana (1925–1928)
• Dile (1914–1917)
• Dingfelder Motor Company (1903)
• Disbrow (1917–1918) ^[2]
• Dispatch (1910) ^[36]
• Dixie (1908–1910) ^[78]
• Dixie (1916) ^[36]
• Dixie Flyer (1916–1923) ^[36]
• Doble steam car (1914–1918, 1922–1931)
• Dodge (A.M.) Company (1914–1915)
• Dodgeson Motors (1926)
• DODO (1912) ^[22]
• Dolson (J.L.) & Sons (1904–1907)
• Dorris Motors Corporation (1906–1926)
• Dort Motor Car Company (1915–1924)
• Douglas (1918–1919) ^[36]
• Downing Motor Company (1913–1915) ^[2]
• Dragon Automobile Company (1906–1908)
• Drake (1921–1922) ^[36]
• Drexel (1916–1917) ^[36]
• Driggs-Seabury (1915; Driggs 1921–1923) ^[36]
• Drummond (1916–1917) ^[36]
• Dual-Ghia (1956–1958) ^[5]
• Duck (Jackson model) ^[79]
• Dudly Tool Company (1913–1915) ^[36]
• Dudgeon Steam (1857, 1866) ^[35]
• Duer (1907–1910) ^[36]
• Duesenberg (1920–1937)
• Dumont ^{[80] [ when? ]}
• Dunn (1916–1918) ^[36]
• Duplex (1908–1909) ^[36]
• Du Pont (1919–1931)
• Duquesne (1904–1906) ^[36]
• Durant Motors (1921–1931)
• Durocar (1906–1911) ^[36]
• Duryea (1893–1917) First American automobile manufacturer
• Dyke (or St Louis) (1899–1901; Dyke-Britton 1904) ^[81]
• Dymaxion (1933) ^[82]

E

• Eagle (1905–1909) ^[65]
• Eagle (1988–1998)
• Eagle Electric (1915–1916) ^[36]
• Eagle Rotary (1914–1915; Eagle-Macomber 1916–1918) ^[36]
• Earl Motors Incorporated (1907–1908) ^[83]
• Earl (1921–1923)
• Eastman (1898–1900) ^[35]
• Eastman (1901–1902) ^[84]
• Eaton Electric (1898–1900) ^[85]
• Eck ^{[36] [ when? ]}
• Eclipse Steam (1900–1903) ^[35]
• Economy (1916–1919; Economy-Vogue 1920; Vogue 1921–1922) ^[36]
• Eddy Electric (1900–1901) ^[36]
• Edsel (1958–1960)
• Edwards-Knight (1912–1913) ^[36]
• Edwards (1954–1955) ^[5]
• E.H.V. (see Compound) ^[36]
• Eichstaedt (1898–1902) ^[36]
• Eisenhuth (1904–1908)
  'Compound' model
• Elberg ^[86]
• Elberon (Columbia model) ^[35]
• Elbert (1914–1915) ^[36]
• Elcar (1915–1931)
• Elco (1915–1917) ^[87]
• Eldredge (1903–1906)
• Electra (1914–1915) ^[36]
• Electric Vehicle (1897–1907)
• Electronomic ^[36]
• Elgin (1916–1924) ^[36]
• Elite ^{[88] [ when? ]}
• Elite (1901–1902) ^[35]
• Elkhart (see Crow-Elkhart or Komet) ^[89]
• Elliott (1897–1899) ^[89]
• Ellis ^[89]
• Ellsworth (1907) ^[89]
• Elmore (1893–1912)
• El Morocco (1956–1957) ^[5]
• Emancipator (1909) ^[89]
• Emerson (1917) ^[90]
• E-M-F (1909–1912) ^[89]
  'Wayne' model
• Empire (1901–1902)
• Empire (1910–1919)
• Empire Steam Car (1925–1927)
• Empire Steamer (1899–1902)
• Empire Steamer (1904)
• Endurance Steam Car (1922–1924)
• Enger (1909–1917) ^[91]
• Engler (W.B.) Cyclecar Company (1914–1915)
• Entz (1914) ^[89]
• Erie (1899–1902) ^[92]
• Erskine (1927–1930) ^[89]
• Eshelman (1953–1961)
• Essex (1906) ^[35]
• Essex Motor Company (1919–1932)
• Etnyre (1910–1911)
• Euclid (1908) ^[2]
• Eureka (1900)
• Eureka (1907–1909)
• Evansville ^[89]
• Everitt (1909–1912)
• Everybody's (1907–1909) ^[89]
• Ewing (1908–1910) ^[93]
• Excalibur (1965–1997)
• Excel (1914)

F

• Fageol (1900, 1917) ^[89]
• Fal-Car (1909–1914) ^[94]
  Also known as F.A.L.
• Falcon Engineering Company (1907–1909) ^[89]
  Unrelated to Ford Falcon
• Falcon-Knight (1927–1929) ^[89]
• Famous (1908–1909) ^[89]
• Fanning (1901–1903) ^[89]
• Farmack (1915–1916) ^[89]
• Farner (1922–1923) ^[89]
• Faulkner-Blanchard (1910)
• Federal (1907–1909) ^[89]
• Federal Steam (1901–1902) ^[35]
• Fenton (1913–1914) ^[89]
  Unrelated to Fenton Headers
• Ferris (1920–1922) ^[2]
• Fey Touring (1897–1906) ^{[95] [96]}
• Fiberfab (1964–1983)
• Fidelia (1913–1914) ^[2]
• Field (1886, 1905) ^[35]
• Fina-Sport (1953–1954)
• Firestone-Columbus (1909–1915) ^[89]
• Fischer-Detroit (1914)
• Fisher (1901–1905) ^[89]
• Fisker Automotive (2007–2014)
• Fisker Inc. (2016–2024) ^[97]
• Flagler (1914) ^[98]
  Based in Michigan
• Flanders 20 (1910–1912) ^[89]
• Flanders Manufacturing Company (1912–1914) ^[99]
• Flanders (1913)
  'Flanders Six' model
• Flexbi (1904) ^[89]
• Flint (1923–1927) ^[89]
• Flyer Motor Car Company (1913–1914)
• Forest (1905–1906) Organized in Boston. ^[100]
• Forest City ^[53] (1905 ^[100] )
  Manufactured as the Jewell beginning in 1906. Organized in Cleveland, Ohio, & named for the city nickname. ^[100]
• Forsyth (circa 1896) Franklin, Minnesota; only a prototype built. ^[100]
• Forth (1905)
  New York company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. No cars built. ^[101]
• Forth (1910–1911)
  Mansfield, Ohio, company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. Only one prototype car assembled; went bankrupt late 1911. ^[102]
• Fort Pitt ^[89] (1908–1910, 1911)
  Organized in New Kensington, Pennsylvania; moved to Pittsburgh 1911. Always known as the Pittsburgh Six ^[103]
• Foster (1889,1901–1904) ^[35]
• Fostoria (1906–1907) ^[89]
• Fournier-Searchmont ^[104]
• Fox (1921–1923) ^[89]
• Franklin (1902–1934)
• Frayer-Miller (1904–1910) ^[89]
• Frazer (1946–1951)
• Frederickson (1914) ^[89]
• Fredonia (1902–1904)
• Fremont (1920–1922) ^[89]
• Friedman Automobile Company (1900–1903) ^[105]
• Friend Motors Corporation (1920–1921)
• Fritchle Electric (1905–1920) ^[89]
• Frontenac (1906–1913)
• Frontenac Motor Corporation (1921–1925) ^[89]
• Frontmobile (1917–1918) ^[89]
• F.R.P. (1914–1916) ^[89]
• F.S. (1911–1912) ^{[89] [106]}
• Fuller (1908–1910) ^[89]
• F.W.D. (1910–1912) ^[43]
  Based in Wisconsin

G

• Gabriel (1910–1912) ^[107]
• Gaeth (1902–1911)
• Gale (1905–1907) ^[108]
• Galloway (1908–1911) ^[109]
• Gardner (1920–1931)
• Garford (1908, 1911–1913) ^[89]
• Gas-au-lec (1905–1906)
• Gaslight (1960–circa 1961)
• Gasmobile (1899–1902)
• Gaylord Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
• Gaylord (1955–1956)
  • Gladiator model
• Gearless (1907–1909) ^[110]
• Gearless Steamer ^{[35] [ when? ]}
• Gem Motor Car Company (1917–1919)
• General (1902–1904) ^[107]
• General Electric (1891–1898, 1902–1903) ^[111]
• General Electric (1898–1900) ^[112]
• General Motors Corporation (1908–2009)
• Geneva (1901–1904) ^[113]
• German-American (1902–1903) ^[89]
• Geo (1989–1997)
• Geronimo (1917–1920) ^[89]
• Ghent (1916–1918) ^[89]
• Gillette (1916) ^[89]
• Gillig (1890)
• G.J.G. (1909–1914)
• Glasspar (1949–1953) ^[114]
• Gleason (1909–1913) ^[89]
• Glide (1903–1920) ^[89]
• Globe Four (1921–1922) ^[2]
• Glover (1920–1921) ^[89]
• Golden Eagle (1906) ^[115]
• Graham-Paige (1928–1930; Graham 1930–1941)
• Gramm (1902) ^[89]
• Granite Falls ^{[89] [ when? ]}
• Grant (1913–1922) ^[116]
• Graves & Condon (1908–1910)) ^[89]
• Gray Motor Corporation (1922–1926)
• Gray Light Car (1920)
• Great Eagle (1910–1918)
• Great Southern (1910–1914)
• Great Western (1910–1916) ^[38]
• Greenleaf Cycle Company (1902)
• GreenTech Automotive (2009–2018)
• Gregory (1920–1922) ^[89]
• Greyhound (1914–1916) ^[12]
• Grinnell Electric Car Company (1910–1915)
• Griswold Motor Car Company (1907)
• Grout (1900–1912) ^[117]
• Gurley (1899–1901) ^[89]
• G.V (1907) ^[118]
• Gyroscope (1908–1909)

H

• Haase (1902–1904)
• Hackett Motor Car Company (1916–1919)
• H.A.L. (1916–1918) ^[2]
• Hall (1903–1904) ^[89]
• Hall (1914–1915)
• Halladay (1905–1922) ^[119]
• Hamilton (1917) ^[89]
• Hamlin-Holmes (1919–1929; Hamlin 1930) ^[89]
• Hammer-Sommer (1902–1906)
  Renamed to Hammer Motor Company for 1905–1906
• Handley Motors Incorporated (1921–1923; Handley 1923) ^[89]
• Hanger (1916) ^[120]
• Hanover (1921–1927) ^[89]
• Hanson (1918–1925) ^[89]
• Harding (1916–1917) ^[121]
• Hardy ^{[89] [ when? ]}
• Harper (1907–1908) ^[89]
• Harrie (1925) ^[89]
• Harris (1910) ^[89]
• Harrison Wagon Company (1905–1907; Harrison Motor Car Company 1907)
• Harroun Motor Sales Corporation (1917–1922)
• Harry S. Houpt Manufacturing Company: (See Houpt (1909); The "New Departure Manufacturing Company" (Bristol, Connecticut) ^[122] forming of Houpt-Rockwell in 1910) Covered in the German Wikipedia ^[123]
• Hartley (1895–1899) ^[35]
• Hartman (1914–1918) ^[89]
• Harvard (1915–1921) ^[124]
• Harwood-Barley (1911–1915) ^[125]
• Hasbrouck (1900–1902) ^[89]
• Hatfield (1907–1908) ^[126]
• Hatfield (1916–1924) ^[127]
• Havers Motor Car Company (1908–1914)
• Hawk Cyclecar Company (1914)
• Hawkins Cyclecar (1914) ^[128]
  Xenia model
• Hawley (1906–1908) ^[89]
• Hay-Berg (1907–1908) ^[129]
• Haydock ^{[89] [ when? ]}
• Haynes-Apperson (1896–1905; Haynes 1904–1925)
• Hayward (1913) ^[89]
• H.C.S. (1920–1925) ^[89]
• Healey (circa 1905–circa 1916) ^[89]
• Heine-Velox (1903–1908, 1921–1923)
• Hendel (1903–1904) ^[89]
• Henderson (1912–1914) ^[130]
• Henney (1921–1931) ^[89]
• Henney (1960–1964)
• Henry Motor Car Company (1910–1912)
• Henry J (1951–1954)
• Hercules (1914–1915) ^[89]
• Herff-Brooks (1915–1916)
• Herreshoff Motor Company (1909–1914)
• Hertel (1895–1900) ^[89]
• Hertz (1924–1927) ^[89]
• Heseltine (1916–1917) ^[89]
• Hewitt (1906–1907) ^[131]
• Hewitt (1905–1914) ^[132]
• Hewitt-Lindstrom (1900–1901)
• Heymann (1898–1907) ^[89]
• Hidley Steam Car (1901)
• Highlander (1919–1922) ^[89]
• Hill (1904–1908) ^[89]
• Hines (1908–1910) ^[89]
• Hitchcock Motor Car Company (1909)
• Hobbie Accessible (1908–1909)
• Hoffman (1901–1904) ^[133]
• Hoffman (1931)
• Holden (1915) ^[134]
• Holland (1902–1903) ^[35]
• Holley (1900–1904)
• Hollier (1915–1921)
• Holly Six (1913–1915) ^[135]
• Holmes (1906–1907) ^[90]
• Holsman (1901–1911)
• Hol-Tan (1908)
• Holyoke (1899–1903) ^[136]
• Homer Laughlin (1916) ^[89]
• Hoosier Scout (1914) ^[89]
• Hoover (1913–1914)
• Hoskins (1920) ^[89]
• Houpt (1909; Houpt-Rockwell 1910) ^[89]
• House Steamer (1867) ^[137]
• Howard (1895–1903) ^[136]
• Howey (1907–1908) ^[89]
• Hudson Motor Car Company (1909–1957)
• Huffman (1919–1925)
• Hupp Motor Car Company (1909–1940)
• Hupp-Yeats Electric Car Company (1911–1919)
• Huron River Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)
• Hydromotor Car Manufacturing Company (1914–1917) ^[89]

I

• Ideal Electric Co. (1909-c1911)
• Illinois Electric (1897–1901) ^[138]
• Imp (1913–1914) ^[89]
• Imperial Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
• Imperial Automobile Company (1908–1916) ^{[89] [139]}
• Imperial (1955–1975, 1981–1983)
• Imperial Electric (1903–1904) ^[89]
• Independent Harvester (1910–1911) ^[89]
• Indiana (1901) ^[12]
• Indianapolis (see Black) ^[89]
• International (1899) (see Strathmore) ^[140]
• International (1899) ^[141]
• International (1900) ^[142]
• International Cyclecar Company (1914) ^[36]
  'Economy' model
• International Motor Cars (Apollo; 1962–1964)
• International Power Company (1900) ^[141]
• International (1901–1903) ^[143]
• International Cyclecar Company (1914) ^[144]
• International Harvester (1907–1980)
• Inter-State (1909–1919) ^[89]
• Iroquois (1903–1907) ^[22]

J

• Jackson Automobile Company (1903–1923)
• Jacquet Motor Corporation (1921)
• Jaeger Motor Car Company (1932–1933)
• James (1909–1911) ^[89]
• Janney Motor Company (1906)
• Jarvis-Huntington (1912) ^[89]
• Jaxon Steam (1903) ^[145]
• Jeffery (1902–1917)
• Jenkins (1907–1912) ^[89]
• Jersey City Machine Co. (1919–1920)
  Argonne model
• Jewell (1906–1907; Jewel 1908–1909) ^[89]
• Jewett (1922–1927)
• Johnson (1905–1912) ^[146]
• Jones (1914–1920) ^[147]
• Jones-Corbin (1903–1907) ^{[147] [148]}
• Jonz (1909–1912) ^[147]
• Jordan (1916–1931)
• J.P.L. Cyclecar Company (1913) ^[149]
• Julian (1918, 1925) ^[147]
• Junior R (1924)

K

• Kaiser-Frazer Corporation (1945–1955; Kaiser Motors 1951–1955)
• Kalamazoo (1908–1914) ^[147]
  Michigan model
• Kane-Pennington ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Kansas City (1906–1908; Kansas City Wonder 1909) ^[150]
• Kato (1907–1913) ^[147]
• Kauffman (1909–1912) ^[147]
• K-D (1912–1913) ^[147]
• Kearns (1909–1916) ^[147]
• Keene Steamobile (1900–1901) ^[35]
• Keeton Motor Company (1912–1914) ^[151]
• Keller (1948–1950) ^[5]
• Kelsey (1897–1902, 1920–1924) ^[152]
• Kenmore (1910–1912) ^[147]
• Kensington (1899–1904) ^[35]
• Kent (1916–1917) ^[147]
• Kent's Pacemaker (1900)
• Kenworthy (1920–1921) ^[147]
• Kermath Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
• Kessler Motor Company (1920–1921; Kess-Line 8 1922)
• Keystone (1899–1900)
• Keystone (1900) ^[153]
• Keystone (1914–1915)
• Kiblinger (1907–1909) ^[147]
• Kidder (1899–1903) ^[35]
• Kimball Electric (1910–1912) ^[147]
• King (1896, 1911–1923) ^[12]
• King Midget (1947–1970) ^[154]
• King-Remick (1910)
• Kinner ^{[155] [ when? ]}
• Kirk (1901–1905) ^[156]
  Yale model
• Kissel (1906–1930)
• Kleiber (1924–1929) ^{[147] [157]}
• Kline Kar (1910–1923) ^[147]
• Klink (1907–1910) ^[147]
• Klock (1900–1901) ^[147]
• Knickerbocker (1901–1903) ^[147]
• Knox (1900–1914)
• Koehler (1910–1912) ^[147]
• Komet (1911)
• Konigslow ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Koppin Motor Company (1914)
• Krastin Automobile Company (1901–1904), based in Cleveland ^[158] Produced Krastin Gasoline Automobile (1901)
• K-R-I-T Motor Car Company (1909–1915)
• Krueger (1905–1906) ^[147]
• Kunz (1902–1905) ^[159]
• Kurtis (1949–1950, 1954–1955)
• Kurtz-Automatic (1920–1925) ^[158]

L

• Laconia (1914) ^[147]
• Lad's Car (1912–1914)
• LaFayette (1919–1924) ^[147]
• La Marne (1919–1921) ^[158]
• Lambert (1906–1917)
• Lancamobile (1900–1901) ^[147]
• Lane (1900–1911) ^[145]
• Lanpher (1906–1916) ^[147]
• Lansden Electric (1901–1903, 1906–1910) ^[160]
• La Petite (1905) ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• LaSalle (1927–1940)
• La Salle-Niagara (1905–1906) ^[161]
• Laurel (1916–1920) ^[147]
• Lauth (1905; Lauth-Juergens 1908–1909) ^[147]
• L. C. Erbes (1915–1916) ^[147]
• L & E (1924–1934) ^[147]
• Leach (1899–1901) ^[137]
• Leach (1920–1923; Leach-Biltwell)) ^[147]
• Leader (1905–1912) ^[147]
• Lende (1902–1909) ^[147]
• Lenox (1911–1917) ^[147]
• Lenox Electric ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Leon Rubay (1923) ^[158]
• Lescina (1916) ^[147]
• Lewis (1914–1916) ^[162]
• Lewis Motocycle (1895) ^{[163] [164]}
• Lexington (1909–1927)
• Liberty Motor Car Company (1916–1924)
• Light Steamer (1901–1902) ^{[165] [166]}
• Light Motor Car Company (1914)
• Lincoln (1912–1913) ^[167] (see also Sears Roebuck)
• Lincoln Motor Car Company (1914)
• Lindsley (1908–1909) ^[147]
• Lion Motor Car Company (1909–1912)
• Liquid Air (1899–1902)
• Little Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
• Little Detroit Speedster (1913–1914)
• Littlemac (1930–1932) ^[147]
• Local Motors (2007–2022)
• Locke ^{[35] [ when? ]}
• Locomobile (1899–1929)
• Logan (1904–1908) ^{[147] [168]}
• Logan (1903–1908)
• Logan (cyclecars; 1914) ^[169]
• Lone Star (1919–1922)
• Longest (1906) ^[147]
• Loomis (1900–1904) ^[35]
• Lordstown Motors (2018–2023)
• Lorraine (1920–1922) ^[147]
• Los Angeles (1914) ^[147]
• Lowell-American (1908–1909) ^[147]
• Lozier Motor Company (1900–1918) ^[170]
• L.P.C. ^[147]
• LuLu (1914–1915)
• Luverne (1904–1917)
• Lyman (1904) ^[147]
• Lyman & Burnham (1903–1905) ^[147]
• Lyons-Knight (1913–1915) ^[35]

M

• Mackle-Thompson (1903) ^[147]
• Macomber (1913) ^[147]
• Macon (1915–1917) ^[147]
• Madison (1915–1919) ^[147]
• Magic ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Mahoning (1904–1905) ^[147]
• Maibohm (1916–1922) ^[147]
• Malcolm (1900) ^[147]
• Malcolm Jones (or Malcolm) (1914–1915)
• Malden Steam (1898, 1902) ^[171]
• Manexall (1920) ^[147]
  'Cyclomobile' model
• Manistee Motor Car Company (1910–1913) ^[147]
  Autoette model
• Manta (1974–1986)
• Marathon (1906–1914)
• Marble-Swift (1903–1905)
• Marion (1901)
• Marion (1904–1915; Marion-Handley 1916–1918)
• Marion Flyer (1910)
• Marmon (1902–1933)
• Marlboro (1900–1903) ^[147]
• Marquette (1912) ^[172]
• Marquette (1930)
• Marr (1903–1904)
• Marsh (1920–1923) ^[173]
• Martin (1898–1900) ^[147]
• Martin Wasp ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Marvel Motor Car Company (1907)
• Maryland (1907–1910)
• Maryland Steamer (1900–1901)
• Mason (1898–1899) ^[35]
• Mason (1906–1914) ^[174]
• Massillon (1909) ^[147]
• Master (1907) ^[120]
• Matheson Motor Car Company (1903–1912)
• Maxim Motor Tricycle (1895; Maxim-Goodridge Electric 1908) ^[147]
• Maxwell-Briscoe (1904–1913; Maxwell Motor Company 1913–1925)
• Mayer (1899–1901) ^[147]
• Mayfair (1925) ^[147]
• Maytag-Mason (1910–1911) ^[175]
• McCue (1909–1911) ^[176]
• McCurdy (1922) ^[147]
• McFarlan (1909–1928)
• McGill (1917) ^[147]
• McIntyre (1909–1915) ^[147]
• McKay Steamer (1899–1902) ^[35]
• Mecca (1915–1916) ^[147]
• Med-Bow ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Media (1899–1900) ^[147]
• Mel Special (1918–1924) ^[147]
• Menominee Electric Manufacturing Company (1915)
• Mercer (1909–1919)
• Mercury Cyclecar Company (1913–1914) ^[147]
• Mercury (1939–2011)
• Merit Motor Company (1921–1922) ^[158]
• Merkel (1905–1907) ^[177]
• Merkur (1985–1989)
• Merz (1914) ^[147]
• Meteor (1904–1905) ^[178]
• Metropol (1913–1914) ^[147]
• Metropolitan (1922–1923) ^[179]
• Metz (1909–1921) ^[180]
• Metzger (see Everitt) ^[147]
• Michigan Automobile Company (1901) ^[181]
  'Carter Steam' model
• Michigan Automobile Company (1902) ^[48]
  Later renamed Clipper Automobile Company
• Michigan Automobile Company (1903–1908)
• Michigan Buggy Company (1908–1914)
• Michigan Steamer (1901) ^[181]
• Michigan Yacht and Power Co. (1904- ?) ^[182]
• Middleby (1909–1913) ^[147]
• Midland (1908–1913) ^[183]
• Midwest ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Mier (1908–1909) ^[147]
• Milac (1916) ^[147]
• Milburn Electric (1915–1923) ^[147]
• Miller Car Company (1911–1914)
• Mills (1876) ^[35]
• Milwaukee Steamer (1900–1902) ^[171]
• Minneapolis ^{[147] [ when? ]}
• Mino (1914) ^[147]
• Mitchell (1903–1923) ^[184]
• Mitchell-Lewis (see Mitchell) ^[147]
• Mobile (1900–1903) ^[171]
• Model (1903–1907) ^[185]
• Modoc (1912–1914) ^[147]
• Mohawk (1903–1905) ^[147]
• Moline ^[186]
• Moline (1904–1913; Moline-Knight 1914–1919)
• Moller (1920–1922) ^[147]
• Monarch Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
• Mondex-Magic (1914–1915) ^[147]
• Monitor (1915–1922) ^[147]
• Monroe Motor Company (1914–1923) ^[12]
• Moon (1905–1930)
• Mora Motor Car Company (1906–1911) ^[2]
• Morgan (1900–1902) ^[187]
• Morris & Salom (1895–1897)
• Morriss-London (1919–1923) ^[147]
• Morse (1902) ^[188]
• Mosler Automotive (1985–2013)
• Motor Bob (1914)
• Motorcar Company (1905–1907; Cartercar 1905–1915)
• Motorette (1911–1914) ^[147]
• Moyea (1903–1904) ^[147]
• Moyer (1911–1915) ^[147]
• Mount Pleasant Motor Company (MPM) (1914–1915) ^[147]
• Mutual Motors Company (1916–1919)
• Mueller (1896–1899; also Mueller-Benz) ^[189] (see Mueller Co., which was founded by the same person)
• Mueller Manufacturing Company (1893–1952) ^[190]
• Multiplex (1912–1913) ^[147]
• Muncie ^{[147] [ when? ]}
  'Warner' model
• Muntz (1950–1954) ^[191]
• Murdaugh (1901–1903) ^[147]
• Murray Motor Car Company (1916–1921; Murray-Mac 1921–1929) ^[147]

N

• Nance (1911) ^[147]
• Napier Motor Car Company of America (1904–1912)
• Napoleon (1916–1919) ^[192]
• Nash Motors (1917–1957)
• Nash-Healey (1951–1954)
• National (1900–1924)
• Nelson (E.A.) Motor Car Company (1917–1921) ^[147]
• Neustadt-Perry (1901–1908, 1915) ^[147]
  Also known as Neustadt.
• New England Steamer (1898–1899) ^[171]
• New Era (1901–1902) ^[147]
• New Era (1916)
• New Era (1933–1934) ^[193]
• New Home (1899–1901) ^[147]
• New York Car & Truck Company (1907–1910)
  Allen Kingston model
• Niagara (1903–1905) ^[194]
• Nichols Shepard (1910–1911) ^[147]
• Nielson Motor Car Company (1906–1907) ^[195]
• Noble (1902) ^[158]
• Noma (1919–1923) ^[147]
• Northern Manufacturing Company (1902–1908) ^[196]
• Northway (1921–1922) ^{[147] [169]}
• Northwestern ^[147]
  'Haase' and Logan models
• Norton (1901–1902) ^{[196] [197]}
• Norwalk Underslung (1910–1922) ^{[147] [198]}
• Nu-Klea Automobile Corporation (1959–1960)
• Nyberg (1911–1913) ^[196]

O

• Oakland Motor Car Company (1907–1931)
• Oakman-Hertel (1899–1900) ^[59]
• Ogren (1915–1917, 1919–1923) ^[199]
• Ohio (1900–1902) (see Packard) ^[200]
• Ohio (1909–1912)
• Ohio Electric Car Company (1910–1918) ^[201]
• Ohio Falls ^{[59] [ when? ]}
• Okey (1896–1907) ^[59]
• Oldsmobile (1897–2004)
• Olympian Motors Company (1917–1921)
• Omaha (1899) ^[59]
• Omar (see Browniekar) ^[59]
• Only (1909–1913) ^[59]
• Orient (1899–1908)
• Orlo (1904)
• Ormond Steamer (1904–1905) ^[171]
• Orr (1915)
• Orson (1910–1912) ^[59]
• Otto (1910–1911; Ottomobile 1912) ^[59]
• Otto-Kar (1902–1904) ^[202]
  Also known as Ottokar
• Otto-mobile (1899) ^[59]
• Overholt ^{[171] [ when? ]}
• Overland (1903–1926, 1939)
• O-We-Go (1914)
• Owen (1899–1901) ^[203]
• Owen Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
• Owen Magnetic (1915–1922)
• Owen Schoeneck ^{[59] [ when? ]}
• Owen Thomas (1908–1910) ^[59]
• Oxford (1900) ^[171]

P

• Paccar (1905)
• Pacific Motor Vehicle Company (1900–1904) ^[59]
• Packard (1895–1898) ^[204]
• Packard Motor Car Company (1899–1958)
• Paige-Detroit (1908–1911; Paige 1911–1928; Graham-Paige 1928–1930)
• Palmer (1905–1906) ^[158]
• Palmer-Singer (1908–1914) ^[59]
• Pan (1919–1921) ^[59]
• Panam (1902–1903) ^[59]
• Pan-American (1917–1922) ^[59]
• Paragon (1906)
• Parenti (1920–1922) ^[59]
• Parry (1910; New Parry 1911–1912) ^[205]
• Parsons Electric (1905–1906) ^[158]
• Partin (1913; Partin-Palmer 1913–1917) ^[206]
• Paterson (W. A.) Company (1909–1923)
• Pathfinder (1912–1917) ^[59]
• Pawtucket (1901–1902) ^[171]
• Payne-Modern (1907–1908) ^[59]
• Peerless (1900–1933)
• Peerless Steam (1901) ^[207]
• Pence Automobile Company (circa 1905) ^[208]
• Penn (1901) ^[209]
• Penn (1908) ^[209]
• Penn (1910–1913) ^[209]
• Pennant (1924–1925)
• Pennington (1894–1900) ^[210]
• Pennsy (1916–1918) ^[59]
• Pennsylvania (1907–1911) ^[12]
• People's (1900–1902) ^[211]
• Perfection (1907–1908) ^[59]
• Perfex (1912–1913) ^[59]
• Peter Pan (1914–1915) ^[79]
• Petrel (1909–1912) ^[212]
• Phelps (1903–1905)
• Phianna (1917–1922) ^[59]
• Phillips (1980–198?) ^[213]
• Phipps-Grinnell (1911; Phipps Electric 1912) ^[59]
• Pickard (1909–1912) ^[59]
• Piedmont (1917–1922)
• Pierce-Arrow (1900–1938)
• Pierce-Racine (1904–1911) ^[159]
• Piggins (1908–1910)
• Pilgrim (1911)
• Pilgrim Motor Car Company (1915–1918)
• Pilliod (1915–1916) ^[59]
• Pilot (1909–1924) ^[59]
• Pioneer (1907–1912) ^[59]
• Planche ^{[59] [ when? ]}
• Plass (1897)
• Playboy (1947–1951)
• Plymouth (1910) ^[59]
• Plymouth (1928–2001) ^[59]
• Pneumobile (1914–1915) ^[59]
• Pomeroy (1920–1924) ^[202]
• Ponder (1923) ^[59]
  Renamed from Bour-Davis
• Pontiac Spring and Wagon Works (1907–1908) ^[214]
• Pontiac (1926–2010)
• Pope-Hartford (1904–1914) ^[59]
• Pope-Robinson (1903–1904)
• Pope-Toledo (1903–1909)
• Pope-Tribune (1904–1908) ^[59]
• Pope-Waverley (1903–1908)
• Port Huron ^{[59] [ when? ]}
  Havers model
• Porter (1900–1901) ^[215]
• Porter (1919–1922) ^[216]
• Portland (1914) ^[59]
• Postal (1906–1908) ^[59]
• Powell (1930s–1960s)
• Powell (1955–1956) ^[217]
• Powercar (1909–1911) ^[59]
• Pratt-Elkhart (1909–1911; Pratt 1911–1915) ^[59]
• Premier (1902–1926)
• Premocar (1920–1923) ^[59]
• Prescott (1901–1905) ^[171]
• Primo (1910–1912) ^[59]
• Princess Motor Car Company (1914–1918) ^[59]
• Princess Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
• Prospect (1902, 1907–1908) ^[59]
• Pullman (1905–1917) ^[12]
• Pungs Finch (1904–1910)
• Puritan (1902–1905) ^[35]

Q

• Queen (1904–1907)
• Quick (1899–1900)
• Quinby (1899)

R

• Railsbach (1914) ^[59]
• Rainier (1905–1911) ^[59]
• Raleigh (1921–1922) ^[59]
• Rambler (1900–1914)
• Rambler (1958–1969)
• Randall (1902–1903) ^[59]
• Ranger (1907–1910) ^[218]
• Rapid Motor Vehicle Company (1902–1909) ^[59]
• Rauch & Lang (1905–1932) ^{[59] [219]}
  Also known as Raulang.
• Rayfield (1911–1915)
• R.C.H (1912–1915) ^[59]
• Read Motor Company (1913–1914) ^[220]
• Reading (1910–1913) ^[221]
• Reading Steamer (1901–1903) ^[35]
• Real Cyclecar (1914; Real Light Car 1914–1915) ^[59]
• Reber (1902–1903)
• Red Bug (1924–1930) ^[222]
• Red Jacket (1904–1905) ^[59]
• Rees (1921) ^[59]
• Reeves (1896–1898, 1905–1912) ^[223]
• Regal Motor Car Company (1908–1918) ^[59]
• Regas (1903–1905) ^[59]
• Reliable Dayton (1906–1909) ^[59]
• Reliance Automobile Manufacturing Co (1904–1906) ^[59]
• Remington (1895, 1900–1904) ^[224]
• REO Motor Car Company (1905–1975)
• Renaissance Cars Inc (1994–1997) ^[225]
  Also known as Zebra Motors Inc.
• Republic (1910–1916) ^[59]
• ReVere (1918–1926) ^[59]
• Rex Motor Co (1914) ^[59]
• RiChard (1914–1919) ^[202]
• Richelieu (1922–1923) ^[59]
• Richmond (1902–1903)
• Richmond (1904–1917) ^[59]
• Rickenbacker Motor Company (1922–1927)
• Ricketts Automobile Co (1909–1911) ^[59]
• Riddle (1916–1926) ^[59]
• Rider-Lewis (1908–1911) ^[59]
• Riker Electric (1897–1902) ^[59]
• Ritz (1914–1915) ^[59]
• Riviera (1907) ^[59]
• R-O ^{[59] [ when? ]}
• Roader (1911–1912) ^[59]
• Roamer (1916–1929) ^[59]
• Robe (1914–1915) ^[22]
• Robie Motor Car Co (1914)
• Robinson (1900–1902) ^[59]
• Robson (1909) ^[59]
• Rochester (1901) ^[226]
• Rock Falls (1919–1925) ^[59]
• Rockne (1932–1933) ^[59]
• Rockway (1910–1911) ^[59]
• Rockwell (1910–1911) ^[59]
• Rodgers (1921) ^[59]
• Roebling-Planche (1909) ^[59]
• Rogers (1899–1900) ^[227]
  Steamobile model
• Rogers Motor Car Co (1911–1912) ^[228]
• Rogers & Hanford (1899–1902) ^[158]
• Rollin (1924–1927) ^[158]
• Rolls-Royce (1921–1935) ^{[59] [229]}
• Roosevelt (1929–1930)
• Roper (1860–1896) ^[59]
• Ross Steamer (1905–1909)
• Ross (1915–1918)
• Rotary (1921–1923) ^[59]
• Royal Motor Company (1904–1911) ^[158]
  'Tourist' model
• Rubay ^{[59] [ when? ]}
• Rugby (1920s)
• Rushmobile ^{[59] [ when? ]}
• Russell (1903–1904) ^[158]
• Rutenber (1902)
• Ruxton (1929–1930)
• R&V Knight (1920–1924) ^[59]

S

• Saginaw (1914) ^[59]
• Saginaw Eight (1916) ^[230]
• Salisbury (1895) ^{[163] [231]}
• Salter (1909–1915) ^[59]
• Salvador (1914; S-J-R 1915–1916) ^[59]
• Sampson (1904, 1911)
• Sandusky (1902–1904) ^[59]
• Santos Dumont (1902–1904) ^[232]
• Saturn (1991–2010)
• Saxon Motor Car Company (1913–1923)
• Sayers (1917–1924) ^[59]
• Schacht (1904–1913)
• Schaum (1901–1905) ^[59]
• Schoening (1895) ^{[163] [233]}
  'Kerosine Carriage' model
• Scott (1900–1901, 1903) ^[59]
• Scott-Newcomb (1920–1921) ^[35]
  Standard Steam Car model
• Scripps-Booth Corporation (1913–1923)
• Searchmont (1900–1903) ^[104]
• Sears (1905–1915) ^[234]
• Sebring (1910–1912) ^[235]
• Sekine (1923) ^[59]
• Selden (1907–1914)
• Sellers (1909–1912) ^[59]
• Senator (1912) ^[59]
• Seneca (1917–1924) ^[59]
• Serpentina (1915) ^[59]
• Serrifile (1921–1922) ^[59]
• Seven Little Buffaloes (1909) ^[236]
• Severin (1920–1921) ^[59]
• S.G.V. (1911–1915) ^[59]
• Shad-Wyck (1917–1923)
• Shain ^{[59] [ when? ]}
• Sharon (1915) ^[59]
• Sharp (1908–1910) ^[237]
  'Arrow' model
• Shawmobile (1908–1930)
• Shawmut (1906–1908) ^[59]
• Shay (1979–1982) ^[238]
• Shelby (1903) ^[59]
• Sheridan (1920–1921) ^[59]
• Shoemaker (1906–1908) ^[59]
• Sibley (1910–1911) ^[59]
• Signet (1913–1914) ^[59] 'Fenton' model
• Silent-Knight (1905–1907) ^[59]
• Silent Sioux ^{[59] [ when? ]}
  'Fawick Flyer' model
• Silver-Knight ^{[59] [ when? ]}
  'Silver' model
• Simplex (1907–1919) ^[59]
• Simplicity (1907–1911) ^[59]
• Simplo (1908–1909)
• Sinclair-Scott (1904–circa 1907)
• Singer (1914–1920) ^[59]
• Single Center (1906–1908)
• Sintz (1899–1904)
• Skelton (1920–1922) ^[59]
• Skene (1900–1901)
• Skorpion (1952–1954) ^[5]
• S&M (1913) ^[59]
• Small Motor Car Company (1910)
• Smith Automobile Company (1902–1917)
  Renamed to Great Smith for 1907–1911
• Smith & Mabley ^{[59] [ when? ]}
  Also known as S&M Simplex
• Smith Flyer (1915–1919)
• Snyder (1908–1909) ^[59]
• Sommer (1904–1905) ^[59]
• Soules Motor Car Company (1905–1908)
• Southern (1908–1909) ^[59]
• Southern Motor Car Co (1908–1910) ^{[239] [240]}
  'Dixie Junior' and 'Dixie Tourist' models.
• Sovereign (1906–1907) ^[59]
• Spacke (1919) ^[3]
• Spaulding (1902–1903)
• Spaulding (1910–1916) ^[3]
• Speedway (1904–1905) ^[3]
• Speedwell (1907–1914)
• Spencer (1921–1922) ^[241]
• Spencer Steamer (1862, 1901–1902) ^[242]
• Sphinx (1914–1916) ^[3]
• Spoerer (1908–1914) ^[3]
• Springer (1903–1905) ^[3]
• Springfield (1900–1901) ^[35]
  Steam cars
• Sprite (1914) ^[3]
• Squier (1899) ^[35]
• Stafford (1908–1915) ^[3]
• Stammobile (1900–1901) ^[3]
• Standard (1904–1908)
• Standard (1912–1923)
• Standard Six (1909–1910)
• Standard Steel Car Company (1912–1923) ^[3]
• Standard Electrique (1911–1915) ^[3]
  Also known as Standard Electric
• Standard Steam Car (1920–1921) ^[243]
• Stanley (1907–1910) ^[244]
• Stanley Steamer (1897–1927)
• Stanley Whitney (1899) ^[3]
• Stanton (1900–1901) ^[35]
• Stanwood (1920–1922)
• Star (1908–1909) ^[3]
• Star (1922–1928) ^[3]
• Starin (1903–1904) ^[3]
• States (1916–1918) ^[3]
• Staver (1907–1914)
• Steamobile (1900–1902)
• Stearns (1898–1911)
  Became Stearns-Knight for 1912–1929.
• Stearns Electric (1899–1903) ^[245]
  Renamed to Stearns Steamer for 1901–1903
• Steco (1914) ^[3]
• Steel Swallow (1907–1908) ^[3]
• Stephens (1917–1924) ^[3]
• Sterling Steamer (1901–1902) ^{[246] [247]}
• Sterling (1909–1911) ^[248]
• Sterling (1915–1916) ^[249]
• Sterling-Knight (1920–1926) ^[3]
• Stevens-Duryea (1901–1915,1919–1927)
• Stewart-Coats (1922)
• Stickney Motorette (1914) ^[3]
• Stilson (1907–1909) ^[3]
• St. Joe (1908) ^[3]
• St. Louis (1899–1907) ^[3]
• Stoddard-Dayton (1904–1913)
• Storck Steamer (1901–1902) ^[35]
• Storms Electric (1915) ^[3]
• Stout Motor Car Company (1932–1946)
• Strathmore (1899–1901) ^[35]
• Stratton (1909) ^[3]
• Streator (1905–1911)
  Originally called Erie Motor Carriage Co.
  Halladay model.
• Stringer (1899–1902) ^[35]
• Strobel & Martin ^{[3] [ when? ]}
• Strong & Rogers Electric (1900–1901) ^[158]
• Strouse ^{[35] [ when? ]}
  Also known as S.R.K.
• Studebaker (1902–1963) ^[250]
• Studebaker-Garford (1903–1911) ^[35]
• Studebaker-Packard Corporation (1954–1962)
• Studillac (1953–1955) ^[251]
• Sturges Electric ^{[252] [ when? ]}
• Sturtevant (1905–1907) ^[35]
• Stutz Motor Car Company (1911–1935)
• Stutz Motor Car of America (1968–1987)
• Stuyvesant (1911–1912) ^[158]
• Suburban (1911–1912) ^[253]
• Success (1906–1909) ^[254]
• Sultan (1908–1912) ^[3]
• Summit (1907–1909) ^[255]
• Sun (1916–1917, 1921–1922)
• Sunset (1900–1913) ^[3]
• Synnestvedt Electric (1904–1905) ^[3]
• Syracuse (1899–1903) ^[3]

T

• Tarkington (1922–1923) ^[3]
• Taunton (1901–1903) ^[35]
  Steam cars
• Templar (1917–1924) ^[256]
• Templeton-Dubrie (1910) ^[3]
• Terraplane (1932–1939)
• Terwilliger (1904) ^[35]
  Empire Steamer model
• Texan (1920–1922) ^[257]
• Thomas (1902–1919) ^[258]
• Thomas-Detroit (1906–1908) ^[3]
• Thompson (1901–1907) ^[35]
  Steam cars
• Thresher Electric (1900) ^[3]
• Tiffany Electric (1913–1914) ^[3]
• Tiger (1914–1915) ^[3]
• Tincher (1903–1909) ^[259]
• Tinker & Piper Steam (1899) ^[260]
• Tinkham (1898–1899) ^[3]
• Toledo (1901–1903) ^[261]
• Tonawanda ^{[3] [ when? ]}
• Torbensen (1902–1906) ^[3]
• Touraine (1912–1916) ^[3]
• Tourist (1902–1910) ^[3]
• Tractmobile (1900–1902) ^[35]
• Trask-Detroit (1922–1923) ^[35]
• Traveler (1907–1908) ^[3]
• Trebert (1907–1908) ^[3]
• Trimoto (1900–1901) ^[3]
  Also known as Tri-Motor
• Trinity Steamer ^{[35] [ when? ]}
• Triumph (1907–1912) ^[262]
• Trumbull (1914–1915) ^[3]
• Tucker (1946–1949)
• Tulsa (1918–1922) ^[3]
• Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation (1974–1978)
• Twin City (1914) ^[3]
• Twombly (1913–1915)
• Twyford (1899–1902, 1904–1907) ^[3]

U

• US Automobile (1899–1901)
• Union (1902–1905)
• United (1919–1920) ^[3]
• United States (1899–1903) ^[3]
  Electric cars
• United States Long Distance ^{[3] [ when? ]}
• Unito (1908–1910) ^[158]
• Universal (1914) ^[3]
• Upton Machine Company (1902–1903) ^[3]
• Upton Motor Company (1905–1907)

V

• Van (1911–1912) ^[3]
• Van Wagoner (1899–1903)
• Vaughn (1909) ^[3]
• V.E. (1901–1906) ^{[118] [3]}
  Also known as V.E.C. Electric
• Vector (1971–1999, 2006–2010)
• Velie (1908–1929)
• Vernon (Able 8; 1918–1921) ^[3]
• Victor (1905–1911) ^[263]
• Victor Page Motors Corp (1921–1924) ^{[10] [264]}
• Victor Steamer (1899–1903) ^[35]
  Previously Overman Steam (1895–1898)
• Victormobile (1900–1901) ^[265]
  'Steamer' model
• Victory (1920–1921) ^[3]
• Viking (1907–1908) ^[3]
• Viking (1929–1931) ^[3]
• Virginian (1911–1912)
• Vixen (1914–1916) ^[159]
• Vulcan (1913–1915) ^[266]

W

• Waco (1915–1917) ^[3]
• Wagenhals (1910–1915) ^[3]
• Wahl (1913–1914) ^[267]
• Waldron (1908–1911) ^[3]
• Walker Motor Car Company (1905–1906) ^[3]
• Wall (1900–1903) ^[3]
• Walter (1902–1909) ^[3] (1905–1909) ^[268]
• Waltham Steam (1898–1902) ^[171]
• Waltham Manufacturing Co (1899–1910) ^[3]
  'Orient' model
• Walworth (1904–1905) ^[3]
• Ward (1913–1914) ^[269]
• Ward Electric (1914–1916) ^[270]
• Ware Steam Wagon (1861–1867)
• Warren (1910–1913) ^[3]
• Warwick (1901–1905) ^[3]
• Washington (1921–1924)
• Wasp (1919–1924) ^[3]
• Waterloo (1903–1905) ^[3]
• Watrous (1905) ^[3]
• Watt (1910) ^[3]
• Waukesha (1906–1910) ^[3]
• Waverley Electric (1898–1903, 1909–1916) ^[3]
• Webb Jay (1908) ^[35]
• Weidely Motor Company (1915–1917)
• Welch Motor Car Company (1901–1911) ^[3]
• Westcott (1909–1925)
• Westfield (1901–1903) ^[35]
• W.F.S. (1911–1912) ^[3]
• Whaley-Henriette (1898–1900) ^[3]
• Wharton (1922–1923) ^[3]
• Wheeler Manufacturing Company (1904)
• Whippet (1927–1931) ^[12]
• White Motor Company (1900–1918) ^[3]
• White Star (1909–1911) ^[3]
• Whiting Motor Car Co (1910–1912) ^{[3] [271]}
• Whitmore, M.C. Co (1914)
  Arrow Cyclecar model
• Whitney (1896–1900) ^[3]
• Wilcox (1909–1910) ^[3]
• Wildman (1902) ^[3]
• Wills (C. H.) and Company (1921–1927)
• Willys (1916–1918, 1930–1942, 1953–1963)
• Willys-Knight (1914–1933)
• Willys-Overland (1912–1953)
• Wilson (1903–1905)
• Windsor (1929–1930)
• Wing (1922) ^[3]
• Winther (1921–1923) ^[3]
• Winton (1896–1924)
• Wolfe (1907–1909) ^[3]
• Wolverine (1904–1906,1927–1928) ^[3]
• Woodill (1952–1956)
• Woodruff (1902–1904) ^[3]
• Woods Electric (1899–1916) ^{[272] [3]}
  Renamed to Woods Dual Power for 1917–1918
• Woods Mobilette (1913–1916) ^[3]
• Worth (J.M.) Gas Engine Manufacturing Co (1902) ^[273]
• Worth (1906–1910) ^{[3] [273]}

X

• Xander (1901–1902) ^[128]

Y

• Yale
• Yellow (1915–1930)

Z

• Zehr (1912–1915) ^[3]
• Zent (1900–1902, 1904–1906) ^[3]
• Zentmobile (1903) ^[3]
• Zimmer Motorcars (1978–1988)
• Zimmerman (1908–1915) ^[3]
• Zip (1913–1914) ^[3]

Contents: 

• Top
• 0–9
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

See also

• List of automobile manufacturers
• List of automobile manufacturers of the United States
• List of motorcycle manufacturers
• List of pickup trucks
• List of American truck manufacturers
• List of truck manufacturers

Notes

1. Kimes and Clark, p. 11
2. Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.
3. Clymer, p. 210.
4. Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 18
5. Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.
6. "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
7. "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
8. "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
9. Kimes, p. 29
10. Clymer, p. 205.
11. "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
12. Clymer, p. 170.
13. "American Motor Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
14. "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
15. Clymer, p. 31.
16. "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
17. Kimes, p. 47
18. "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.
19. "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.
20. "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.
21. Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 19
22. Clymer, pp. 170-171.
23. Kimes, p. 50
24. Kimes, p. 57
25. Clymer, pp. 23, 205.
26. Kimes, p. 74
27. Clymer, pp. 178, 205.
28. Clymer, pp. 153, 205.
29. Clymer, pp. 190, 205.
30. Clymer, pp. 38, 205.
31. "Beggs Model 7-R". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 25 (Apr.-June 1921). June 1, 1921. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
32. Clymer, p. 193.
33. Clymer, p. 115.
34. Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.
35. Clymer, p. 23.
36. Clymer, p. 206.
37. Clymer, pp. 5, 190.
38. Clymer, p. 178.
39. Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN   9781476611402 . Retrieved February 4, 2018.
40. Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.
41. Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.
42. "Canoo Files for Bankruptcy, Ending Its Dream of Funky EV Vans" . Retrieved February 26, 2025.
43. Clymer, p. 153.
44. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 252
45. Clymer, pp. 22, 178.
46. Clymer, pp. 25, 206.
47. Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas.
48. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 331
49. Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN   0-915038-11-0
50. Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
51. Clymer, p. 87.
52. Clymer, p. 104.
53. Clymer, p. 63.
54. Clymer, p. 145.
55. Clymer, p. 67.
56. "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
57. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 357
58. Clymer, p. 158.
59. Clymer, p. 209.
60. Clymer, pp. 170, 206.
61. Clymer, pp. 190, 206.
62. Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.
63. Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis.
64. Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri.
65. Clymer, pp. 5, 206.
66. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 403
67. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 403–404
68. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 404–405
69. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 405
70. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 405–406
71. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 406
72. Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor.
73. Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland.
74. Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto.
75. Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.
76. Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.
77. Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.
78. Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.
79. Clymer, p. 5.
80. Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
81. Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
82. Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.
83. Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company.
84. Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland.
85. Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's.
86. Clymer, p. 38.
87. Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.
88. Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
89. Clymer, p. 207.
90. Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.
91. Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio.
92. Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley.
93. Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland.
94. Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.
95. "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models" . Retrieved October 5, 2014.
96. Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.
97. "Fisker's final drive: bankruptcy judge clears liquidation path, but SEC investigation looms large" . Retrieved February 26, 2025.
98. Clymer, p. 166.
99. Clymer, p. 40.
100. Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574.
101. Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
102. Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
103. Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 575.
104. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1289
105. Clymer, p. 16.
106. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 593
107. Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
108. Clymer, p. 51.
109. Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.
110. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.
111. Made by the multinational as experimental models.
112. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational.
113. Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.
114. Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.
115. Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia.
116. Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.
117. Clymer, pp. 14, 22.
118. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1447
119. Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.
120. Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland.
121. Clymer, pp. 170, 190.
122. Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. Vol. 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)
123. Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. Vol. 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)
124. Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school.
125. "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
126. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 652, 761
127. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.
128. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1524
129. Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000.
130. Clymer, p. 112.
131. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.
132. "Hewitt". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
133. Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland.
134. Distinct from the Australian company.
135. Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley.
136. Clymer, pp. 23, 207.
137. Clymer, pp. 5, 23.
138. Clymer, pp. 170, 207.
139. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 742
140. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 769, 1407 In Boston.
141. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769 In New York City.
142. Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769
143. Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio.
144. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769 In Buffalo, New York.
145. Clymer, pp. 18, 23.
146. Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin.
147. Clymer, p. 208.
148. "Jones-Corbin". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 7 (Jan.-Mar. 1903). January 1, 1903. Retrieved December 8, 2025.
149. Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
150. Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.
151. Clymer, p. 131.
152. Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.
153. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 769
154. Flory, pp. 1011–12.
155. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 774
156. Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio.
157. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 782
158. Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland.
159. Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin.
160. Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.
161. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle.
162. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.
163. Horseless Age 1895.
164. Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.
165. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 828
166. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 635
167. Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.
168. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 859–860
169. Kimes & Clark 1975 , p. 1004
170. began with steam autos
171. Clymer, p. 22.
172. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890
173. Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland.
174. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
175. Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa.
176. Clymer, p. 84.
177. Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.
178. Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division.
179. Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash
180. Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts.
181. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 929
182. "Michigan Yacht and Power Co". The Motor world v.7 1903/04. January 28, 1904. Retrieved October 27, 2025.
183. Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois.
184. Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin.
185. Clymer, p. 57.
186. Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.
187. Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie.
188. Clymer, pp. 22. 208.
189. Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p. 92.
190. "Mueller Manufacturing Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
191. Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.
192. Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan.
193. Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.
194. Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.
195. Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.
196. Kimes & Clark 1975 , p. 1003
197. Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.
198. Kimes & Clark 1975 , p. 1005
199. Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee.
200. Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013
201. Clymer, pp. 170, 209.
202. Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland.
203. Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic.
204. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars
205. Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana.
206. Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.
207. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125
208. Clymer, p. 42.
209. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126
210. Clymer, pp. 6, 153.
211. Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
212. Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.
213. Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.
214. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division.
215. Clymer, pp. 13, 23.
216. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.
217. Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?
218. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup.
219. Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland.
220. Clymer, p. 149.
221. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.
222. Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
223. Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana.
224. Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.
225. "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc" . Retrieved September 3, 2014.
226. Clymer, pp. 22, 209.
227. Clymer, pp. 23, 209.
228. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.
229. Rolls-Royce
230. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1273
231. Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.
232. Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.
233. Clymer, p. 8.
234. Clymer, pp. 90, 209.
235. Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.
236. Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York.
237. Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.
238. "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
239. Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018
240. The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018
241. Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.
242. Clymer, pp. 23, 210.
243. Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.
244. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
245. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).
246. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 512
247. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1351
248. Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.
249. Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.
250. Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
251. Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
252. Clymer, pp. 38, 210.
253. Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.
254. Clymer, p. 52.
255. Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.
256. Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland.
257. Clymer, pp. 170, 210.
258. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 1417–1419
259. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 1423–1424
260. Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 1463, 45
261. Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985 , pp. 769, 1472
262. Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
263. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.
264. "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
265. Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN   0-87341-045-9.
266. Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio.
267. Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
268. "Walter Automobile Company". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
269. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company).
270. Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company).
271. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1491
272. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1519
273. Kimes & Clark 1985 , p. 1521

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• Headfield, John: American Steam-Car Pioneers: A Scrapbook (1st edition). Newcomen Society in North, 1984. ISBN   9994065904; ISBN   978-9994065905
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