Pennington, New Jersey

Pennington, New Jersey
Borough
Intersection of Main Street and Delaware Avenue in central Pennington
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Location of Pennington in Mercer County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Mercer County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (left).
Census Bureau map of Pennington, New Jersey
Pennington Location in Mercer County Show map of Mercer County, New Jersey Pennington Location in New Jersey Show map of New Jersey Pennington Location in the United States Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 40°19′30″N74°47′20″W / 40.324923°N 74.78878°W / 40.324923; -74.78878 [1] [2]
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Mercer
Incorporated	January 31, 1890
Government [3]
• Type	Borough
• Body	Borough Council
•  Mayor	James Davy (D, term ends December 31, 2023) [4] [5]
•  Administrator	Donato Nieman (interim) [6]
•  Municipal clerk	Elizabeth Sterling [6]
Area [7]
• Total	0.96 sq mi (2.50 km2)
• Land	0.96 sq mi (2.49 km2)
• Water	0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2)  0.31%
• Rank	506th of 565 in state 11th of 12 in county [1]
Elevation [8]	210 ft (60 m)
Population  (2020) [9]
• Total	2,802
• Estimate  (2023) [10]	2,840
• Rank	454th of 565 in state 11th of 12 in county [11]
• Density	2,916.0/sq mi (1,125.9/km2)
• Rank	222nd of 565 in state 3rd of 12 in county [11]
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code	08534 [12] [13]
Area code	609 [14]
FIPS code	3402157600 [1] [15] [16]
GNIS feature ID	885347 [17]
Website	www.penningtonboro.org

Pennington is a borough in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The borough is located at the cross-roads between the Delaware Valley region to the southwest and the Raritan Valley region to the northeast. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 2,802, ^[9] its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 217 (+8.4%) from the 2010 census count of 2,585, ^{[18] [19]} which in turn had reflected a decline of 111 (−4.1%) from the 2,696 counted in the 2000 census. ^[20]

History

Historic First Presbyterian Church in Pennington

According to an 1883 history, "the first name of the village was Queenstown, which was given it in honor of Queen Anne. Later it was by some, in derision of its comparative insignificance, Pennytown, and as early as 1747 it began to be called Pennington." ^{[21] [22] [23]} The name "Penington" was already known in the area, as Edward Penington (1667–1701), son of the British Quaker leader Isaac Penington, was appointed by his kinsman William Penn as Surveyor General of Pennsylvania. His father-in-law was a longtime leader, including as governor, of the province of West Jersey, where Edward married. ^[24] Henry Gannett attributes the borough's name to colonial governors from the Pennington family. ^[25]

Pennington was established as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 31, 1890, from portions of Hopewell Township, based on the results of a referendum held on January 21, 1890. ^[26] It is a dry borough, where alcohol cannot be sold. ^{[27] [28]}

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 0.96 square miles (2.50 km²), including 0.96 square miles (2.49 km²) of land and <0.01 square miles (0.01 km²) of water (0.31%). ^{[1] [2]}

The borough is an independent municipality completely surrounded by Hopewell Township, ^[29] making it part one of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another. ^{[30] [31] [32]}

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1880	723		—
1890	588		−18.7%
1900	733		24.7%
1910	722		−1.5%
1920	1,335		84.9%
1930	1,335		0.0%
1940	1,492		11.8%
1950	1,682		12.7%
1960	2,063		22.7%
1970	2,151		4.3%
1980	2,109		−2.0%
1990	2,537		20.3%
2000	2,696		6.3%
2010	2,585		−4.1%
2020	2,802		8.4%
2023 (est.)	2,840	[10]	1.4%
Population sources: 1880–1890 [33] 1890–1920 [34] 1890–1910 [35] 1910–1930 [36] 1940–2000 [37] [38] 2010 [18] [19] 2020 [9]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 2,585 people, 1,031 households, and 712 families in the borough. The population density was 2,703.9 per square mile (1,044.0/km²). There were 1,083 housing units at an average density of 1,132.8 per square mile (437.4/km²). The racial makeup was 95.24% (2,462) White, 1.82% (47) Black or African American, 0.00% (0) Native American, 1.78% (46) Asian, 0.08% (2) Pacific Islander, 0.08% (2) from other races, and 1.01% (26) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.43% (37) of the population. ^[18]

Of the 1,031 households, 34.9% had children under the age of 18; 60.4% were married couples living together; 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.9% were non-families. Of all households, 28.4% were made up of individuals and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.04. ^[18]

26.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 17.9% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.7 years. For every 100 females, the population had 87.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 79.4 males. ^[18]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $107,250 (with a margin of error of +/− $18,509) and the median family income was $156,923 (+/− $18,294). Males had a median income of $106,250 (+/− $20,859) versus $76,477 (+/− $25,432) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $56,962 (+/− $6,372). About 6.2% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over. ^[39]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census ^[15] there were 2,696 people, 1,013 households, and 761 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,801.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,081.5/km²). There were 1,040 housing units at an average density of 1,080.5 per square mile (417.2/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 94.96% White, 2.63% African American, 1.00% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population. ^{[40] [38]}

There were 1,013 households, out of which 40.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.14. ^{[40] [38]}

In the borough the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males. ^{[40] [38]}

The median income for a household in the borough was $90,366, and the median income for a family was $107,089. Males had a median income of $84,912 versus $43,068 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $45,843. About 0.7% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.4% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over. ^{[40] [38]}

Arts and culture

Pennington Day, typically in the middle of May, is an annual event where local organizations and businesses set up booths in a street-fair style on Main Street. The event, with origins back to 1980, features local music and a parade early in the day and festivities continuing into the afternoon. ^[41]

Government

Local government

Pennington Borough Hall and Public Library

Pennington is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. ^[42] The governing body is comprised of a mayor and a borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members, who are elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. ^[3] The borough form of government used by Pennington is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. ^{[43] [44]} The borough council has the option to designate an administrator or assign executive responsibilities to the administrator. The council may also adopt an administrative code which describes how the Council performs its duties. ^[45]

As of 2023 ^[update] , the mayor of Pennington is Democrat James Davy, who was elected to serve an unexpired term of office ending December 31, 2023. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Catherine M. "Kit" Chandler (D, 2023), Katrina Angarone (D, 2025), Deborah L. Gnatt (D, 2024), Charles "Chico" Marciante (D, 2025), Nadine Stern (D, 2024) and John Valenza (D, 2023; appointed to serve an unexpired term). ^{[4] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]}

In February 2023, the council selected John Valenza to fill the seat that had been held by Ken Gross expiring in December 2023 that became vacant when he resigned. ^[52]

Katrina Angarone was selected in February 2022 from a list of three names submitted by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the seat expiring in December 2022 that had been held by Beverly Mills until her resignation from office the previous month. ^[53]

In June 2021, the borough council appointed former councilmember James Davy to fill the mayoral seat expiring in December 2023 that became vacant following the resignation of Joseph Lawver earlier that month. ^[54] Davy served on an interim basis until the November 2021 general election, when he was elected to serve the remainder of the term of office. ^[49]

In January 2019, Joseph Lawver was appointed to fill the mayoral seat expiring in December 2019 that was vacated by Anthony Persichilli, the borough's longest-serving mayor, when he resigned from office the previous month. ^[55] Former mayor Persichilli was first elected on November 7, 2006, to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of James Loper. Returned to office at that same election were Democratic council members Joseph Lawver and Eileen Heinzel. ^[56] James Loper, the previous elected mayor, had resigned from office effective February 1, 2006. The Pennington Republican Committee nominated three candidates to take his place and the council selected James Benton from the three candidates to fill the vacancy. ^[57] That same procedure was repeated in December 2006, when the borough council selected Diane Zompa to fill the unexpired term left by Persichilli. ^[58]

Federal, state and county representation

Pennington is located in the 12th Congressional District ^[59] and is part of New Jersey's 15th state legislative district. ^{[60] [61] [62]}

For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 12th congressional district is represented by Bonnie Watson Coleman ( D , Ewing Township ). ^{[63] [64]} New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) ^[65] and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). ^{[66] [67]}

For the 2024-2025 session , the 15th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Shirley Turner ( D , Lawrence Township ) and in the General Assembly by Verlina Reynolds-Jackson (D, Trenton ) and Anthony Verrelli (D, Hopewell Township ). ^[68]

Mercer County is governed by a County Executive who oversees the day-to-day operations of the county and by a seven-member Board of County Commissioners that acts in a legislative capacity, setting policy. All officials are chosen at-large in partisan elections, with the executive serving a four-year term of office while the commissioners serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year as part of the November general election. ^[69] As of 2024 ^[update] , the County Executive is Daniel R. Benson (D, Hamilton Township) whose term of office ends December 31, 2027. ^[70] Mercer County's Commissioners are:

Lucylle R. S. Walter (D, Ewing Township, 2026), ^[71] Chair John A. Cimino (D, Hamilton Township, 2026), ^[72] Samuel T. Frisby Sr. (D, Trenton, 2024), ^[73] Cathleen M. Lewis (D, Lawrence Township, 2025), ^[74] Vice Chair Kristin L. McLaughlin (D, Hopewell Township, 2024), ^[75] Nina D. Melker (D, Hamilton Township, 2025) ^[76] and Terrance Stokes (D, Ewing Township, 2024). ^{[77] [78] [79]}

Mercer County's constitutional officers are: Clerk Paula Sollami-Covello (D, Lawrence Township, 2025), ^{[80] [81]} Sheriff John A. Kemler (D, Hamilton Township, 2026) ^{[82] [83]} and Surrogate Diane Gerofsky (D, Lawrence Township, 2026). ^{[84] [85] [86]}

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 2,017 registered voters in Pennington, of which 828 (41.1%) were registered as Democrats, 467 (23.2%) were registered as Republicans and 720 (35.7%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered as either Libertarians or Greens. ^[87]

Presidential Elections Results

Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2020 [88]	19.1% 349	79.5%1,453	1.4% 25
2016 [89]	20.3% 309	75.4%1,149	4.3% 65
2012 [90]	32.7% 488	66.0%985	1.3% 19
2008 [91]	31.0% 506	66.9%1,090	1.1% 18
2004 [92]	35.9% 581	61.7%999	0.5% 11

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 66.0% of the vote (985 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 32.7% (488 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (19 votes), among the 1,653 ballots cast by the borough's 2,115 registered voters (161 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 78.2%. ^{[90] [93]} In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 66.9% of the vote (1,090 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 31.0% (506 votes) and other candidates with 1.1% (18 votes), among the 1,630 ballots cast by the borough's 2,088 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.1%. ^[91] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 61.7% of the vote (999 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 35.9% (581 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (11 votes), among the 1,619 ballots cast by the borough's 2,022 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 80.1. ^[92]

Gubernatorial Elections Results

Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2021 [94]	23.9% 290	75.4%914	0.7% 8
2017 [95]	28.3% 296	69.9%730	1.8% 19
2013 [96]	49.6%496	48.7% 487	1.6% 16
2009 [97]	35.7% 425	53.8%640	9.6% 114
2005 [98]	40.2% 460	56.8%649	3.0% 34

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 49.6% of the vote (496 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 48.7% (487 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (16 votes), among the 1,015 ballots cast by the borough's 2,067 registered voters (16 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 49.1%. ^{[99] [100]} In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 53.8% of the vote (640 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 35.7% (425 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 9.3% (111 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (3 votes), among the 1,190 ballots cast by the borough's 2,057 registered voters, yielding a 57.9% turnout. ^[97]

Education

Toll Gate Grammar School

Public school students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade attend the Hopewell Valley Regional School District. ^[101] The comprehensive regional public school district serves students from Hopewell Borough, Hopewell Township and Pennington Borough. ^{[102] [103]} As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,467 students and 351.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.9:1. ^[104] Schools in the district (with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ^[105] ) are Bear Tavern Elementary School ^[106] with 397 students in grades Pre-K–5, Hopewell Elementary School ^[107] with 400 students in grades Pre-K–5, Stony Brook Elementary School ^[108] with 378 students in grades K–5, Toll Gate Grammar School ^[109] with 306 students in grades K–5, Timberlane Middle School ^[110] with 820 students in grades 6–8 and Hopewell Valley Central High School ^[111] with 1,097 students in grades 9–12. ^{[112] [113]} The district's board of education is comprised of nine members allocated to each of the three municipalities based on population, with Pennington assigned a single seat. ^[114]

Eighth grade students from all of Mercer County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Mercer County Technical Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at its Health Sciences Academy, STEM Academy and Academy of Culinary Arts, with no tuition charged to students for attendance. ^{[115] [116]}

The Pennington School serves students in sixth through twelfth grades, having been founded in 1838 with a single teacher and three students. ^[117]

Transportation

Roads and highways

Route 31 is the primary state highway serving Pennington

As of May 2010 ^[update] , the borough had a total of 12.34 miles (19.86 km) of roadways, of which 8.57 miles (13.79 km) were maintained by the municipality, 3.17 miles (5.10 km) by Mercer County and 0.60 miles (0.97 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. ^[118]

Route 31 passes through Pennington, providing access to Interstate 295 at exit 72. ^[119] Additionally, exit 73 along I-295 connects to Scotch Road North, which provides access to all of the surrounding Hopewell Township area. ^[120]

Public transportation

NJ Transit provides bus service between the borough and Trenton on the 624 route. ^{[121] [122]}

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Pennington has a Hot-summer Humid continental climate (Dfa).

Climate data for Pennington (40.3287, -74.7883), Elevation 190 ft (58 m), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2022
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	71.1 (21.7)	77.7 (25.4)	87.6 (30.9)	94.6 (34.8)	94.9 (34.9)	97.3 (36.3)	102.9 (39.4)	99.4 (37.4)	97.0 (36.1)	93.0 (33.9)	80.0 (26.7)	75.4 (24.1)	102.9 (39.4)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	39.7 (4.3)	42.3 (5.7)	50.3 (10.2)	62.5 (16.9)	72.0 (22.2)	81.1 (27.3)	85.9 (29.9)	84.1 (28.9)	77.6 (25.3)	65.6 (18.7)	54.8 (12.7)	44.6 (7.0)	63.5 (17.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	22.7 (−5.2)	24.1 (−4.4)	31.0 (−0.6)	41.0 (5.0)	50.9 (10.5)	60.0 (15.6)	65.2 (18.4)	63.4 (17.4)	56.4 (13.6)	44.6 (7.0)	34.8 (1.6)	27.8 (−2.3)	43.6 (6.4)
Record low °F (°C)	−11.3 (−24.1)	−2.2 (−19.0)	3.8 (−15.7)	17.9 (−7.8)	32.0 (0.0)	41.3 (5.2)	48.2 (9.0)	41.7 (5.4)	36.3 (2.4)	24.5 (−4.2)	10.0 (−12.2)	−0.1 (−17.8)	−11.3 (−24.1)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.60 (91)	2.83 (72)	4.21 (107)	3.76 (96)	4.11 (104)	4.51 (115)	4.94 (125)	4.49 (114)	4.23 (107)	4.18 (106)	3.38 (86)	4.43 (113)	48.67 (1,236)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	8.8 (22)	9.1 (23)	4.3 (11)	0.2 (0.51)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.76)	0.7 (1.8)	3.5 (8.9)	26.8 (68)
Average dew point °F (°C)	21.2 (−6.0)	21.7 (−5.7)	27.2 (−2.7)	36.9 (2.7)	48.9 (9.4)	59.2 (15.1)	63.9 (17.7)	63.2 (17.3)	57.2 (14.0)	45.7 (7.6)	34.4 (1.3)	26.8 (−2.9)	42.3 (5.7)
Source 1: PRISM [123]
Source 2: NOHRSC (Snow, 2008/2009 - 2022/2023 normals) [124]

Ecology

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Pennington would have a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian Oak (104) with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern Hardwood Forest (25). ^[125]

Points of interest

• Hopewell Valley Central High School
• Hopewell Valley Vineyards
• First Presbyterian Church
• Pennington Railroad Station – Constructed in 1882 by the Reading Railroad, the Victorian-style station is located along the West Trenton Line, on which NJ Transit has plans to offer commuter service, though not at this station. The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974. ^{[126] [127]}
• The Pennington School
• Toll Gate Grammar school and the original Central High School. Both date to the 1920s
• Pennington Fire Company

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Pennington, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Pennington include:

• Val Ackerman (born 1959), first president of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), serving from 1996 to 2005. ^[128] The Central High School's old gymnasium is named after her father, G. Randall Ackerman
• Svetlana Alliluyeva (born 1926), daughter of Joseph Stalin who became an international sensation when she defected to the United States in 1967^{[ citation needed ]}
• Kwame Anthony Appiah (born 1954), philosopher ^[129]
• Frank Baldwin (1880–1959), Rear admiral in the United States Navy ^[130]
• Nicole Baxter (born 1994), professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for the National Women's Soccer League club Sky Blue FC ^[131]
• Peter Benchley (1940–2006), author of the novel and film Jaws ^[132]
• Wendy Benchley (born 1941), marine and environmental conservation advocate and former councilwoman from New Jersey who was the wife of author Peter Benchley ^[133]
• Grant Billmeier (born 1984), former center for the Seton Hall University Pirates men's basketball team ^[134]
• Bob Bradley (born 1958), current head coach of Los Angeles FC, former head coach of the United States national football team and Egypt national football team ^[135]
• Michael Bradley (born 1987), son of former US Men's National Soccer Team coach Bob Bradley and professional soccer player who currently plays for Toronto F.C. in Major League Soccer ^[135]
• Anne Canby, transportation official who served in the cabinet of Governor Brendan Byrne as the New Jersey Commissioner of Transportation from 1981 to 1982 and in the cabinet of Governor Thomas R. Carper as the Delaware Secretary of Transportation from 1993 to 2001 ^[136]
• Simon Carcagno (born 1976), American professional rower
• George Councell (born 1949), 11th bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey, serving in the position from 2003 to 2013 ^[137]
• James Davy, former New Jersey Commissioner of Human Services ^[138]
• Lucille Davy, former commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Education ^[138]
• Tony DeNicola (1927–2006), jazz drummer ^[139]
• Olga Gorelli (1920–2006), composer and pianist ^[140]
• Jim Himes (born 1966), U.S. Representative from Connecticut's 4th congressional district ^[141]
• Cassidy Hutchinson (born 1996), ^{[142] [143]} former aide to White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows during the Trump administration who testified at a hearing of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack. In town, she was a member of the Youth Advisory Committee and was awarded the Mayor's Award for Outstanding Civic Contribution. ^[142] At Hopewell Valley Central High School, she was a member of the girl's track team ^[144]
• Samuel Messick (1931–1998), psychologist who worked for the Educational Testing Service ^[145]
• Kenneth G. Miller (born 1956), geologist at Rutgers University who has written and lectured on global warming and sea level change ^[146]
• Elizabeth Maher Muoio, member of the New Jersey General Assembly who served as a councilwoman from 1997 to 2001 ^[147]
• Sue Niederer, political activist ^[148]
• Judith Persichilli (born 1949), nurse and health care executive who has served as the commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Health ^[149]
• William E. Schluter (1927–2018), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly and State Senate ^{[150] [151]}
• John Tanguay (born 1998), rower who won a silver medal at the 2019 World Rowing Championships ^[152]
• Karl Weidel (1923–1997), member of the New Jersey General Assembly ^[153]

References

1. 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
2. US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
3. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 73.
4. Mayor and Council, Borough of Pennington. Accessed June 15, 2022.
5. 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023. As of date accessed, Joseph Lawver was incorrectly listed as mayor.
6. Administration and Finance, Borough of Pennington. Accessed April 23, 2023.
7. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
8. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Borough of Pennington, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 8, 2013.
9. Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
10. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.
11. Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
12. Look Up a ZIP Code for Pennington, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed November 19, 2012.
13. Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 29, 2013.
14. Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Pennington, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed August 29, 2013.
15. U.S. Census website, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
16. Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.
17. US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
18. DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Pennington borough, Mercer County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today , United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 19, 2012.
19. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Pennington borough Archived August 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine , New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed November 19, 2012.
20. Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
21. Pennington Borough History from History of Burlington and Mercer Counties, New Jersey, with Biographical Sketches of Many of Their Pioneers and Prominent Men by Major E. M. Woodward & John F. Hageman, 1883. Accessed September 1, 2014.
22. Rojas, Cristina. "'Celebrating our Hometown Heritage': Pennington kicks off 125th anniversary celebrations", NJ.com, April 16, 2015. Accessed September 17, 2015. "The borough's history dates to the early 1700s when it was called Queenstown in honor of Queen Anne. It was later known as Penny Town and was established as a borough in 1890 from portions of Hopewell Township."
23. Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 17, 2015.
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27. New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control. New Jersey ABC list of dry towns (May 1, 2013)
28. Giordano, Rita. "More towns catching liquor-license buzz; Moorestown considers ending its dry spell", The Philadelphia Inquirer , June 24, 2007. Accessed February 16, 2014.
29. Areas touching Pennington, MapIt. Accessed July 11, 2016.
30. DeMarco, Megan. "Voters to decide whether to merge two Princetons into one", The Star-Ledger , November 3, 2011. Accessed January 8, 2017. "There are 22 sets of 'doughnut towns' in New Jersey, those where one town wraps around the other town". Note that following voter approval of the Princeton, New Jersey, merger, 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" remain.
31. Municipalities within Mercer County, NJ, Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Accessed November 15, 2019.
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36. Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 716. Accessed November 19, 2012.
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38. DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Pennington borough, Mercer County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today , United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 19, 2012.
39. DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Pennington borough, Mercer County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today , United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 15, 2012.
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41. A Rich History Archived May 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine , Pennington Day. Accessed November 19, 2012.
42. Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
43. Cerra, Michael F. "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask" Archived September 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine , New Jersey State League of Municipalities. Accessed November 30, 2014.
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45. Form of Government Archived May 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine , Pennington Borough. Accessed May 13, 2020. "The Borough form remains the most popular form of local government in New Jersey. This form dates back to the Borough Act of 1878 and was revised in 1897 . The borough Mayor is elected at large to a four-year term. Six Council members are elected at-large to staggered three-year terms."
46. 2022 Municipal User Friendly Budget, Borough of Pennington. Accessed June 15, 2022.
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52. Murphy-DePaolo, Colleen. "Pennington Council elects new member: life-long Pennington resident John Valenza", Mercer Me, February 9, 2023. Accessed April 23, 2023. "Mayor Jim Davy read a proclamation during the reorganization meeting honoring former member Ken Gross.... Valenza took his oath of office to join council as its newest member.... Valenza’s election was to fill the unexpired term left by Gross, ending December 31, 2023."
53. Harrison, Andrew. "Angarone appointed newest member of Pennington Council", Hopewell News, February 8, 2022. Accessed June 15, 2022. "The Pennington Council has appointed Katrina Angarone to fill former Councilwoman Beverly Mills’s vacant seat on the governing body. The council unanimously voted to appoint Angarone to the unfilled seat on the council at a meeting on Feb. 7. Angarone was one of three candidates nominated by the Pennington Democratic Committee to fill the council vacancy.... Mills resignation from the governing body went into effect on Jan. 6 and was announced at the council’s reorganization meeting on Jan. 5."
54. Harrison, Andrew. "Lawver resigns; Davy appointed Pennington’s new mayor", Hopewell News, June 9, 2021. Accessed June 15, 2022. "Former Pennington Councilman James Davy was appointed Pennington’s new mayor following the recent resignation of former Mayor Joe Lawver. Davy was appointed through a unanimous vote by the Borough Council at a council meeting on June 7.... Davy now succeeds Lawver, whose resignation was effective June 6. He fills Lawver’s unexpired term until Dec. 31, 2023."
55. Galioto, Mary. "Pennington Borough Honors Former Mayor and Swears-in Council Members", MercerMe, January 10, 2019. Accessed November 28, 2019. "New Councilwoman Liz Semple was sworn in to a three-year term, and Councilwoman Deb Gnatt was re-elected. Mayor Joe Lawver was selected by Council at the December 27, 2018 meeting to fill the unexpired mayoral term vacated upon Tony Persichilli’s retirement. That term runs to December 31, 2019.... Persichilli set a 12-year record as the longest serving mayor in Pennington Borough history."
56. Pennington keeps council, changes mayor Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine , Pennington Post, November 8, 2006.
57. Pennington Borough Mayor Resigns Archived March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine , Hopewell Valley News, February 2, 2006.
58. Hamner, Nicholas. "Council complete", Pennington Post, December 7, 2006, backed up by the Internet Archive as of September 30, 2007. Accessed July 11, 2016.
59. Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
60. Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
61. 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.
62. Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
63. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
64. Biography, Congresswoman Bonnie Watson Coleman. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Watson Coleman and her husband William reside in Ewing Township and are blessed to have three sons; William, Troy, and Jared and three grandchildren; William, Kamryn and Ashanee."
65. U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
66. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/23/nyregion/george-helmy-bob-menendez-murphy.html
67. Tully, Tracey (August 23, 2024). "Menendez's Senate Replacement Has Been a Democrat for Just 5 Months". The New York Times . Retrieved August 23, 2024.
68. Legislative Roster for District 15, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 18, 2024.
69. Government, Mercer County. Accessed March 1, 2023. "Mercer County is governed by an elected County Executive and a seven-member Freeholder Board."
70. Meet the County Executive, Mercer County. Accessed March 1, 2023. "Brian M. Hughes continues to build upon a family legacy of public service as the fourth person to serve as Mercer County Executive. The voters have reaffirmed their support for Brian's leadership by re-electing him three times since they first placed him in office in November 2003."
71. Lucylle R. S. Walter, Mercer County. Accessed March 1, 2023.
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84. Meet the Surrogate, Mercer County. Accessed March 1, 2023.
85. Members List: Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 1, 2023.
86. Elected Officials for Mercer County, Mercer County. Accessed March 1, 2023.
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91. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 21, 2012.
92. 2004 Presidential Election: Mercer County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 21, 2012.
93. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Mercer County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
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101. 2017-2018 Mercer County Charter and Public Schools Directory, Mercer County, New Jersey. Accessed November 15, 2019.
102. Hopewell Valley Regional School District 2016 Report Card Narrative Archived September 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed September 25, 2017. "Hopewell Valley serves the two boroughs of Pennington and Hopewell and the much larger Hopewell Township, and encompasses a total area of nearly 60 square miles with a population that exceeds 20,000. There are six schools that comprise the district. (Four elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school.) District enrollment is currently 3,750 students."
103. About Us Archived September 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , Hopewell Valley Regional High School. Accessed September 25, 2017. "Hopewell Valley Regional School District, as it functions today, has been a regionalized operation since 1965 when voters of Hopewell Township, Hopewell Borough and Pennington Borough approved a plan to consolidate their schools. But the first consolidation of local schools actually occurred in 1894 when the 14 separate districts, operating one-room schoolhouses throughout the valley, agreed to merge and be governed by a single school board."
104. District information for Hopewell Valley Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2021.
105. School Data for the Hopewell Valley Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2021.
106. Bear Tavern Elementary School, Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed February 8, 2022.
107. Hopewell Elementary School, Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed February 8, 2022.
108. Stony Brook Elementary School, Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed February 8, 2022.
109. Toll Gate Grammar School, Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed February 8, 2022.
110. Timberlane Middle School, Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed February 8, 2022.
111. Hopewell Valley Central High School, Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed February 8, 2022.
112. School Performance Reports for the Hopewell Valley Regional School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 1, 2024.
113. New Jersey School Directory for the Hopewell Valley Regional School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.
114. About the Hopewell Valley Regional Board of Education Archived November 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine , Hopewell Valley Regional School District. Accessed March 2, 2020. "The Hopewell Valley Regional Board of Education is a nine-member body elected by the residents of Hopewell Township, Hopewell Borough and Pennington Borough. Seats are apportioned by population. Hopewell Township has seven representatives; each borough is represented by one seat.... The Hopewell Valley Regional School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of the Borough of Pennington, Hopewell Borough, and Hopewell Township."
115. Heyboer, Kelly. "How to get your kid a seat in one of N.J.'s hardest-to-get-into high schools", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 2017. Accessed November 18, 2019. "Mercer County has a stand-alone specialized high school for top students: a Health Sciences Academy at the district's Assunpink Center campus. The district also offers a STEM Academy at Mercer County Community College. How to apply: Students can apply online in the fall of their 8th grade year."
116. High School Programs Archived August 10, 2020, at the Wayback Machine , Mercer County Technical Schools. Accessed November 18, 2019.
117. History Archived July 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine , The Pennington School. Accessed November 19, 2012. "When The Pennington School (then the Methodist Episcopal Male Seminary) opened its doors in 1838 in the small town of Pennington, New Jersey, the school was housed in one building and enrolled three students under the tutelage of one teacher."
118. Mercer County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed October 31, 2013.
119. Route 31 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2017. Accessed March 9, 2023.
120. Mercer County Highway Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed March 9, 2023.
121. Mercer County Mobility Guide, Greater Mercer TMA, October 2015. Accessed September 1, 2018.
122. Mercer County Rider Guide Archived November 26, 2019, at the Wayback Machine , NJ Transit. Accessed November 27, 2019.
123. "PRISM" . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
124. "NOHRSC" . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
125. U.S. Potential Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v2.0 (Spatially Adjusted to Correct Geometric Distortions), Data Basin, Accessed November 26, 2019.
126. Lawlor, Julia. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Pennington; Small Town With a Sense of Community", The New York Times , May 18, 2003. Accessed October 31, 2013. "Pennington's mix of Colonial, Federal, Greek Revival and Victorian-style architecture appeals to old-home lovers, and the Victorian stone Pennington Railroad Station, which now holds two condominiums, is on the National Register of Historic Places."
127. Pennington Railroad Station - Nomination Form, National Register of Historic Places, received November 11, 1974. Accessed October 31, 2013.
128. Hoffman, Jan. "Public lives; A League President in the Dreams Business", The New York Times , May 26, 2000. Accessed November 19, 2012. "As a girl, thinking about what she would be when she grew up, Val Ackerman just assumed she'd be an athletic director.... When she was a teenager in Pennington, N.J., playing field hockey, swimming butterfly and freestyle, competing in track and field, and emerging as a star small forward in basketball, her father was her high school's athletic director."
129. Biography Archived February 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine , Kwame Anthony Appiah. Accessed November 19, 2012. "Kwame Anthony Appiah has homes in New York city and near Pennington, in New Jersey, which he shares with his partner, Henry Finder, Editorial Director of the New Yorker magazine."
130. Frank Baldwin, Naval History and Heritage Command. Accessed June 27, 2019. "Born in Pennington, New Jersey, on November 19, 1880, Frank Baldwin attended Pennington Preparatory School and the Stewart School in Trenton, prior to his appointment in 1906 as Assistant Paymaster, with rank of Ensign in the Supply Corps of the US Navy."
131. Nicole Baxter, William & Mary Tribe women's soccer. Accessed July 5, 2020. "Hometown: Pennington, N.J.; High School: Pennington"
132. Hawtree, Christopher. "Peter Benchley: He was fascinated by the sea, but his bestselling novel tapped into a primeval fear of the deep", The Guardian , February 14, 2006. Accessed August 18, 2008. "In 1971, he was asked by Tom Congdon, an editor at the publishers Doubleday, if he had anything in mind for a book, and he pitched this as a 'long story'; he produced a hundred pages, and, with a $1000 advance, he reworked it steadily, holing up to do so, during the winter, in a room above the Pennington Furnace Supply Co in Pennington, New Jersey, and, by summer, in an old turkey coop at Stonington, Connecticut."
133. Stratton, Jean. "Princeton personality", Town Topics , April 16, 2008. Accessed November 6, 2019. "'We were looking for a place to live, and we didn’t have any money. Peter wanted to be near New York, and finally, we were able to get a house in Pennington in 1970.'... 'Peter had this idea for a novel,' explains Ms. Benchley, 'and he wrote Jaws in the Blackwell Furnace Repair Shop in Pennington.'"
134. Gomes, Jay. NJ pair sign with Seton Hall, NJHoops.com, November 14, 2002. Accessed September 16, 2007.
135. Bell, Jack. "Soccer; Father-and-Son Quality Time Comes to the MetroStars", The New York Times , April 14, 2004. Accessed November 19, 2012. "Michael lives with his family in Pennington, N.J., but goes to workouts with Eddie Gaven, another promising young midfielder, behind the wheel."
136. DePalma, Anthony. "Transportation: It's Decision Time", The New York Times , November 22, 1981. Accessed March 29, 2016. "A resident of Pennington, she sometimes bicycles to her office in Trenton, a distance of four and a half miles."
137. Clerkin, Bridget. "Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey Bishop George Councell to retire", The Times , March 26, 2013. Accessed October 31, 2013. "The diocese also runs a school in Burlington, Doane Academy, where attendance has been consistently growing, said Councell, a Pennington resident."
138. Lucille Day, Office of the Governor of New Jersey, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 2, 2008. Accessed February 15, 2011. "Commissioner Davy is married to James M. Davy. They live in Pennington with their two sons, James and Andrew."
139. Staff. "Tony DeNicola: Obituary", The Times , September 4, 2006. Accessed September 17, 2015. "Tony DeNicola, 79, died Saturday in the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia. Born in Pennington, he had resided in Lawrenceville for 40 years."
140. Strauss, Elaine. "A Concert to Honor Volunteers for the Homeless" Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine , U.S. 1 Newspaper, January 26, 2005. Accessed February 15, 2011. "Olga Gorelli is a Pennington-based composer and leader in New Jersey's musical life; her compositions experiment with both words and music."
141. "Himes Reaches Out to War-Weary Republicans" Archived October 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine , Jim Himes for Congress. Accessed February 15, 2011. "He was raised by 'a working single mom' in the small town of Pennington, N.J., and attended 'a decent public school.' When he brought home an A minus, his mother would ask, 'What went wrong?'"
142. "HOPEWELL VALLEY: High school presents awards". CentralJersey.com. WordPress. June 19, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
143. David Wildstein (June 28, 2022). "(Twitter post)". Twitter . Always a Jersey connection: Cassidy Hutchinson is from Pennington.
144. Borders, Andrew (March 31, 2015). "Times of Trenton area girls track capsules". NJ.com . Advance Local . Retrieved June 28, 2022.
145. Burkhart, Ford. "Samuel Messick, 67, Leader In Educational Testing Field", The New York Times , October 19, 1998. Accessed November 24, 2018. "Dr. Samuel J. Messick, a leader in educational testing who argued for restraint in the use of student test scores, died on Oct. 6 at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia. He was 67 and lived in Pennington, N.J."
146. Kenneth G. Miller Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine , Rutgers University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Accessed November 27, 2013. "A resident of Pennington, NJ, Ken grew up in Medford, NJ in the heart of the pine barrens and still owns a house in Waretown, NJ, the home of the sounds of the NJ pines, where he watches the inexorable rise in sea level from his deck 16 ft above Barnegat Bay."
147. Davis, Mike. "Elizabeth Maher Muoio sworn in as new assemblywoman in 15th District", The Times , February 5, 2015. Accessed September 17, 2015. "Muoio, a Pennington resident, was sworn into office on Thursday by Assembly Speaker Vincent Prieto (D-Hudson) two weeks after Mercer and Hunterdon County Democrats convened and appointed her to the seat.... Muoio served on the Pennington Borough Council in the late 1990s before winning election to the Mercer County freeholder board."
148. via Associated Press. "As New York prepares for Bush, protests gather pace", Taipei Times , August 30, 2004. Accessed February 16, 2011. "Sue Niederer of Pennington, New Jersey, who lost her son Seth Dvorin in Iraq earlier this year, grieves at a memorial yesterday, in Central Park in New York."
149. Burling, Stacey. "Catholic Health East names a new leader", The Philadelphia Inquirer , December 16, 2009. Accessed July 18, 2019. "Home: Pennington, N.J."
150. "Corzine appoints new members to the state ethics commission" Office of the Governor, February 23, 2006, backed up the Internet Archive as of January 5, 2007. Accessed August 7, 2018.
151. Shea, Kevin. "Bill Schluter, former state senator who ran for governor, dies at 90", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, August 6, 2018. Accessed August 7, 2018. "William 'Bill' Schluter, a longtime New Jersey legislator and public servant who ran for governor in 2001, died at his Pennington home Monday morning at the age of 90."
152. John Tanguay, Columbia Lions. Accessed August 11, 2020. "Hometown: Pennington, N.J.; High School: Hopewell Valley"
153. Sullivan, Joseph F. "Assembly Races: Lots of Footwork; Assembly Hopefuls Running a Rugged Foot Race", The New York Times , October 21, 1979. Accessed February 15, 2011. "The district has one Democrat in the Assembly, Barbara W. McConnell of Flemington, and one Republican, Karl Weidel of Pennington."

External links

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