The timeline of elections in Canada covers all the provincial, territorial and federal elections from when each province was joined Confederation through to the present day. The table below indicates which party won the election. Several provinces held elections before joining Canada, but only their post-Confederation elections are shown. These include:
The most recent election is shown with a box limited to four years of government, as the federal government and all provinces and territories have fixed election dates every four years. However, elections can be called at any time by an incumbent government. Thus, the box is shown as running until the next scheduled election, but one could still be earlier if the government falls due to a motion of no confidence, or if the governing party calls an early election. The maximum length of office as set by the constitution is five years.
Abbreviation | Party |
---|---|
Pre | Pre-Confederation |
BCL | British Columbia Liberal Party |
LIB | Liberal Party |
NDP | New Democratic Party |
CCF | Co-operative Commonwealth Federation |
ASC | Alberta Social Credit Party |
UF | United Farmers |
SK | Saskatchewan Party |
BSC | British Columbia Social Credit Party |
PQ | Parti Québécois |
CON | Progressive Conservative Party or historical Conservatives |
CPC | Conservative Party of Canada |
CAQ | Coalition Avenir Québec |
UN | Union Nationale |
YU | Yukon Party |
UCP | United Conservative Party |
Co. | Coalition |
N/A | Nonpartisan, and consensus government |
Year | BC | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | NT | Federal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1867 | 1st Co. [a] [1] | 1st CON [2] | 1st [b] | 1st LIB [3] | 1st CON [4] | |||||
1868 | ||||||||||
1869 | ||||||||||
1870 | 1st N/A [5] | 2nd N/A | (Temp. Council) | |||||||
1871 | 1st N/A [6] | 2nd LIB [1] | 2nd CON [2] | 2nd LIB [3] | ||||||
1872 | 2nd CON [7] | |||||||||
1873 | 26th CON [8] | |||||||||
1874 | 2nd N/A [5] | 3rd N/A | 3rd LIB [3] | 3rd LIB [9] | ||||||
1875 | 2nd N/A [6] | 3rd LIB [1] | 3rd CON [2] | |||||||
1876 | 27th CON [10] | (First Council ) | ||||||||
1877 | ||||||||||
1878 | 3rd [6] | 3rd [5] | 4th LIB [c] | 4th N/A | 4th CON [3] | 4th CON [11] | ||||
1879 | 4th CON [5] | 4th LIB [1] | 28th CON [12] | |||||||
1880 | ||||||||||
1881 | 5th CON [2] | |||||||||
1882 | 4th N/A [6] | 5th N/A | 5th LIB [3] | 29th CON [13] | 5th CON [14] | |||||
1883 | 5th CON [5] | 5th LIB [1] | ||||||||
1884 | ||||||||||
1885 | ||||||||||
1886 | 5th N/A [6] | 6th CON [5] | 6th LIB [1] | 6th LIB [2] | 6th N/A | 6th LIB [3] | 30th CON [15] | |||
1887 | 6th CON [16] | |||||||||
1888 | 7th LIB [5] | 1st N/A | ||||||||
1889 | ||||||||||
1890 | 6th N/A [6] | 7th LIB [1] | 7th LIB [2] | 7th N/A | 7th LIB [3] | 31st Co. [d] [17] | ||||
1891 | 2nd N/A | 7th CON [18] | ||||||||
1892 | 8th LIB [5] | 8th CON [2] | 8th N/A | |||||||
1893 | 32nd LIB [19] | |||||||||
1894 | 7th N/A [6] | 8th LIB [1] | 8th LIB [3] | 3rd N/A | ||||||
1895 | 9th N/A | |||||||||
1896 | 9th LIB [5] | 8th LIB [20] | ||||||||
1897 | 9th LIB [2] | 9th LIB [3] | 33rd LIB [21] | |||||||
Year | BC | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | NT | Federal |
Year | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | YU | NT | Federal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N/A | LIB | LIB | LIB | N/A | LIB | LIB | N/A | LIB | |||||
1898 | 8th N/A [6] | 9th LIB [1] | N/A [e] | 4th N/A | |||||||||
1899 | 10th CON [5] | 10th N/A | |||||||||||
1900 | 9th N/A [6] | 10th LIB [2] | 34th LIB [22] | 1st N/A | 9th LIB | ||||||||
1901 | 10th LIB [3] | ||||||||||||
1902 | 10th LIB [1] | 5th CON | |||||||||||
1903 | 10th CON [6] | 11th CON [5] | 11th N/A | 2nd | |||||||||
1904 | 11th LIB [2] | 35th LIB [22] | 10th LIB | ||||||||||
1905 | 1st LIB [23] | 1st LIB [24] | 11th CON [1] | 3rd N/A | (Second Council) | ||||||||
1906 | 11th LIB [3] | ||||||||||||
1907 | 11th CON [6] | 12th CON [5] | 4th N/A | ||||||||||
1908 | 2nd LIB [25] | 12th CON [1] | 12th LIB [2] | 12th N/A | 36th LIB [22] | 11th LIB | |||||||
1909 | 12th CON [6] | 2nd LIB [23] | 5th N/A | ||||||||||
1910 | 13th CON [5] | ||||||||||||
1911 | 13th CON [1] | 12th LIB [3] | 12th CON | ||||||||||
1912 | 13th CON [6] | 3rd LIB [26] | 13th LIB [2] | 13th N/A | 37th CON [22] | 6th N/A | |||||||
1913 | 3rd LIB [23] | ||||||||||||
1914 | 14th CON [5] | 14th CON [1] | |||||||||||
1915 | 15th LIB [5] | 38th CON [22] | 7th N/A | ||||||||||
1916 | 14th BCL [6] | 14th LIB [2] | 13th LIB [3] | ||||||||||
1917 | 4th LIB [23] | 4th LIB [27] | 14th N/A | 8th N/A | 13th Co. | ||||||||
1918 | |||||||||||||
1919 | 15th UF [1] | 15th LIB [2] | 39th LIB [22] | ||||||||||
1920 | 15th BCL [6] | 16th LIB [5] | 15th N/A | 14th LIB [3] | 9th N/A | ||||||||
1921 | 5th UF [23] | 5th LIB [28] | 14th LIB | ||||||||||
1922 | 17th UF [5] | 10th N/A | |||||||||||
1923 | 16th CON [1] | 16th LIB [2] | 40th CON [22] | ||||||||||
1924 | 16th BCL [6] | ||||||||||||
1925 | 6th LIB [29] | 16th N/A | 15th CON [3] | 11th N/A | 15th [f] | ||||||||
1926 | 6th UF [23] | 17th CON [1] | 16th LIB | ||||||||||
1927 | 18th UF [5] | 17th LIB [2] | 41st LIB [22] | ||||||||||
1928 | 17th CON [6] | 16th CON [3] | 12th N/A | ||||||||||
1929 | 7th Co. [g] [30] | 18th CON [1] | |||||||||||
1930 | 7th UF [23] | 17th N/A | 17th CON | ||||||||||
1931 | 18th LIB [2] | 42nd CON [22] | 13th N/A | ||||||||||
1932 | 19th LIB [5] | ||||||||||||
1933 | 18th BCL [6] | 17th LIB [3] | |||||||||||
1934 | 8th LIB [31] | 19th LIB [1] | 14th N/A | ||||||||||
1935 | 8th ASC [23] | 19th LIB [2] | 18th LIB | 43rd LIB [22] | 18th LIB | ||||||||
1936 | 20th LIB [5] | 20th UN [2] | |||||||||||
1937 | 19th BCL [6] | 20th LIB [1] | 18th LIB [3] | 15th N/A | |||||||||
1938 | 9th LIB [32] | ||||||||||||
1939 | 21st LIB [2] | 19th LIB | 44th LIB [22] | ||||||||||
1940 | 9th ASC [23] | 16th N/A | 19th LIB | ||||||||||
1941 | 20th Co. [h] [6] | 21st LIB [5] | 19th LIB [3] | ||||||||||
1942 | |||||||||||||
1943 | 21st CON [1] | 45th LIB [22] | |||||||||||
1944 | 10th ASC [23] | 10th CCF [33] | 22nd UN [2] | 20th LIB | 17th N/A | ||||||||
1945 | 21st Co. [h] [6] | 22nd LIB [5] | 22nd CON [1] | 20th LIB [3] | 20th LIB | ||||||||
1946 | |||||||||||||
1947 | 46th LIB [22] | 18th N/A | |||||||||||
1948 | 11th ASC [23] | 11th CCF [34] | 23rd CON [1] | 23rd UN [2] | 21st LIB | ||||||||
Year | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | YU | NT | Federal |
Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) joined Canada as a new province in 1949. [35]
Year | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | NF | YU | NT | Federal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Co. | ASC | CCF | LIB | CON | UN | LIB | LIB | LIB | N/A | N/A | LIB | |||
1949 | 22nd Co. [h] [6] | 23rd LIB [5] | 21st LIB [3] | 30th LIB | 19th N/A | 21st LIB | ||||||||
1950 | ||||||||||||||
1951 | 24th CON [1] | 47th LIB [22] | 31st LIB | 6th N/A | ||||||||||
1952 | 23rd BSC [6] | 12th ASC [23] | 12th CCF [36] | 24th UN [2] | 22nd CON | 20th N/A | ||||||||
1953 | 24th BSC [6] | 24th LIB [5] | 22nd LIB [3] | 22nd LIB | ||||||||||
1954 | 7th N/A | |||||||||||||
1955 | 13th ASC [23] | 25th CON [1] | 48th LIB [22] | 21st N/A | ||||||||||
1956 | 25th BSC [6] | 13th CCF [37] | 25th UN [2] | 23rd CON | 23rd CON [3] | 32nd LIB | ||||||||
1957 | 8th N/A | 23rd CON | ||||||||||||
1958 | 25th CON [5] | 22nd N/A | 24th CON | |||||||||||
1959 | 14th ASC [23] | 26th CON [5] | 26th CON [1] | 49th CON [22] | 33rd LIB | |||||||||
1960 | 26th BSC [6] | 14th CCF [38] | 26th LIB [2] | 24th LIB | 24th CON [3] | 9th N/A | ||||||||
1961 | 23rd N/A | |||||||||||||
1962 | 27th CON [5] | 27th LIB [2] | 50th CON [22] | 34th LIB | 25th CON | |||||||||
1963 | 27th BSC [6] | 15th ASC [23] | 27th CON [1] | 25th LIB | 25th CON [3] | 26th LIB | ||||||||
1964 | 15th LIB [39] | 24th N/A | 10th | |||||||||||
1965 | 27th LIB | |||||||||||||
1966 | 28th BSC [6] | 28th CON [5] | 28th UN [2] | 51st LIB [22] | 35th LIB | |||||||||
1967 | 16th ASC [23] | 16th LIB [40] | 28th CON [1] | 26th LIB | 26th CON [3] | 25th N/A | 11th N/A | |||||||
1968 | 28th LIB | |||||||||||||
1969 | 29th BSC [6] | 29th NDP [5] | ||||||||||||
1970 | 29th LIB [2] | 27th CON | 27th LIB [3] | 52nd LIB [22] | 26th N/A | 12th N/A | ||||||||
1971 | 17th CON [23] | 17th NDP [41] | 29th CON [1] | 36th CON | ||||||||||
1972 | 30th NDP [6] | 37th CON | 29th LIB | |||||||||||
1973 | 30th NDP [5] | 30th LIB [42] | ||||||||||||
1974 | 28th CON | 28th LIB [3] | 53rd LIB [22] | 27th N/A | 30th LIB | |||||||||
1975 | 31st BSC [6] | 18th CON [23] | 18th NDP [43] | 30th CON [1] | 38th CON | 13th N/A | ||||||||
1976 | 31st PQ [42] | |||||||||||||
1977 | 31st CON [5] | 31st CON [1] | ||||||||||||
1978 | 19th NDP [44] | 29th CON | 29th CON [3] | 54th LIB [22] | 28th CON | |||||||||
1979 | 32nd BSC [6] | 19th CON [23] | 55th CON [22] | 39th CON | 14th N/A | 31st CON | ||||||||
1980 | 32nd LIB | |||||||||||||
1981 | 32nd NDP [5] | 32nd CON [1] | 32nd PQ [42] | 30th CON [3] | ||||||||||
1982 | 20th CON [23] | 20th CON [45] | 30th CON | 56th CON [22] | 40th CON | 29th CON | ||||||||
1983 | 33rd BSC [6] | 15th N/A | ||||||||||||
1984 | 31st CON [3] | 33rd CON | ||||||||||||
1985 | 33rd LIB [1] | 33rd LIB [42] | 41st CON | 30th NDP | ||||||||||
1986 | 34th BSC [6] | 21st CON [23] | 21st CON [46] | 33rd NDP [5] | 57th LIB [22] | |||||||||
1987 | 34th LIB [1] | 31st LIB | 16th N/A | |||||||||||
1988 | 34th CON [5] | 32nd CON [3] | 34th CON | |||||||||||
1989 | 22nd CON [23] | 34th LIB [42] | 58th LIB [22] | 42nd LIB | 31st NDP | |||||||||
1990 | 35th CON [5] | 35th NDP [1] | ||||||||||||
1991 | 35th NDP [47] | 22nd NDP [48] | 32nd LIB | 17th N/A | ||||||||||
1992 | 32nd YU | |||||||||||||
1993 | 23rd CON [23] | 33rd LIB [3] | 59th LIB [22] | 43rd LIB | 35th LIB | |||||||||
1994 | 35th PQ [42] | |||||||||||||
1995 | 23rd NDP [49] | 36th CON [5] | 36th CON [1] | 33rd LIB | 18th N/A | |||||||||
1996 | 36th NDP [47] | 60th CON [22] | 44th LIB | 33rd NDP | ||||||||||
1997 | 24th CON [23] | 36th LIB | ||||||||||||
1998 | 36th PQ [42] | 34th LIB [3] | ||||||||||||
Year | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | NF | YU | NT | Federal |
The territory of Nunavut was created on 1 April 1999, from land previously part of the Northwest Territories. [50]
Year | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | NL | YU | NT | NU | Federal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NDP | CON | NDP | CON | CON | PQ | LIB | LIB | CON | LIB | NDP | N/A | LIB | |||
1999 | 24th Co. [i] [51] | 37th NDP [5] | 37th CON [1] | 34th CON | 35th CON [3] | 45th LIB | 19th N/A | 1st N/A | |||||||
2000 | 61st CON [22] | 34th LIB | 37th LIB | ||||||||||||
2001 | 37th BCL [47] | 25th CON [23] | |||||||||||||
2002 | 35th YU | ||||||||||||||
2003 | 25th NDP [52] | 38th NDP [5] | 38th LIB [1] | 37th LIB [42] | 35th CON | 36th CON [3] | 62nd CON [22] | 46th CON | 20th N/A | ||||||
2004 | 26th CON [23] | 2nd N/A | 38th LIB | ||||||||||||
2005 | 38th BCL [47] | ||||||||||||||
2006 | 36th LIB | 37th CON [3] | 36th YU | 39th CPC | |||||||||||
2007 | 26th SK [53] | 39th NDP [5] | 39th LIB [1] | 38th LIB [42] | 63rd LIB [22] | 47th CON | 21st N/A | ||||||||
2008 | 27th CON [23] | 39th LIB [42] | 3rd N/A | 40th CPC | |||||||||||
2009 | 39th BCL [47] | 38th NDP [3] | |||||||||||||
2010 | 37th CON | ||||||||||||||
2011 | 27th SK [54] | 40th NDP [5] | 40th LIB [1] | 64th LIB | 48th CON | 37th YU | 22nd N/A | 41st CPC | |||||||
2012 | 28th CON [23] | 40th PQ [42] | |||||||||||||
2013 | 40th BCL [47] | 39th LIB [3] | 4th N/A | ||||||||||||
2014 | 41st LIB [1] | 41st LIB [42] | 38th LIB | ||||||||||||
2015 | 29th NDP [23] | 65th LIB | 49th LIB | 23rd N/A | 42nd LIB | ||||||||||
2016 | 28th SK [55] | 41st CON | 38th LIB | ||||||||||||
2017 | 41st NDP [47] | 40th LIB [3] | 5th N/A | ||||||||||||
2018 | 42nd CON [1] | 42nd CAQ [42] | 39th CON | ||||||||||||
2019 | 30th UCP [23] | 42nd CON | 66th CON | 50th LIB | 24th N/A | 43rd LIB | |||||||||
2020 | 42nd NDP [47] | 29th SK [56] | 40th CON [57] | ||||||||||||
2021 | 41st CON [3] | 51st LIB [58] | 39th LIB [59] | 6th N/A | 44th LIB | ||||||||||
2022 | 43rd CON [1] | 43rd CAQ | |||||||||||||
2023 | 31st UCP | 43rd NDP | 67th CON | 25th N/A | |||||||||||
2024 | 43rd NDP | 30th SK | 41st LIB | 42nd CON | |||||||||||
2025 | next | next | next | next | next | ||||||||||
2026 | next | ||||||||||||||
2027 | next | next | next | next | |||||||||||
2028 | next | next | next | next | |||||||||||
Year | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | NL | YU | NT | NU | Federal |
The table below shows how many elections each party has won in each province and territory. The Northwest Territories and Nunavut use consensus government, which means there are no political parties. Of forty-two federal elections, twenty-three have been won by the Liberals, and eighteen by the Conservatives.
Party | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | NS | PEI | NL | YU | NT | NU | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | 9 | 4 | 10 | 11 | 17 | 25 | 13 | 25 | 23 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 153 | |
(Progressive) Conservative | 5 | 14 | 2 | 18 | 23 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 18 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 124 | |
Non-partisan | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 16 [a] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 84 | |
New Democratic | 6 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 27 | |
Social Credit | 11 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | |
Coalition | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
United Farmers | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
Union Nationale | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | |
Parti Québécois | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | |
Co. Commonwealth Fed. | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | |
Saskatchewan Party | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | |
Yukon Party | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | 4 | |
Coalition Avenir Québec | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | |
Total | 43 | 31 | 30 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 40 | 42 | 42 | 22 | 39 | 24 | 6 | 448 |