Tropomodulin 4

TMOD4
Identifiers
Aliases	TMOD4 , SK-TMOD, tropomodulin 4
External IDs	OMIM: 605834 MGI: 1355285 HomoloGene: 8355 GeneCards: TMOD4
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	151,176,284 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	95,036,520 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	muscle of leg; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; testicle; ; multicellular organism; ; brain; ; muscle tissue; ; blood; ; gastric mucosa;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	actin filament binding ; actin binding ; tropomyosin binding ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; cytoskeleton ; striated muscle thin filament ; myofibril ;
Biological process	pointed-end actin filament capping ; muscle contraction ; actin filament organization ; myofibril assembly ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	29765
	50874
	ENSG00000163157
	ENSMUSG00000005628
	Q9NZQ9
	Q9JLH8
	NM_013353
	NM_016712
	NP_037485
	NP_057921
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated April 09, 2022

Tropomodulin 4 (muscle) also known as TMOD4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TMOD4 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

This gene encodes a muscle-specific member of the tropomodulin family of actin-regulatory proteins. The encoded protein caps the pointed end of actin filaments preventing both elongation and depolymerization. The capping activity of this protein is dependent on its association with tropomyosin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.^[7]

Related Research Articles

Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TPM3 gene.

β-Tropomyosin, also known as tropomyosin beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TPM2 gene. β-tropomyosin is striated muscle-specific coiled coil dimer that functions to stabilize actin filaments and regulate muscle contraction.

Lymphocyte-specific protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LSP1 gene.

Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG2 gene.

F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPZA1 gene.

Pre-mRNA-processing factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRPF6 gene.

Nesprin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNE2 gene. The human SYNE2 gene consists of 116 exons and encodes nesprin-2, a member of the nuclear envelope (NE) spectrin-repeat (nesprin) family. Nesprins are modular proteins with a central extended spectrin-repeat (SR) rod domain and a C-terminal Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne homology (KASH) transmembrane domain, which acts as a NE-targeting motif. Nesprin-2 (Nesp2) binds to cytoplasmic F-actin, tethering the nucleus to the cytoskeleton and maintaining the structural integrity of the nucleus.

Tropomodulin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMOD1 gene.

Macrophage-capping protein (CAPG) also known as actin regulatory protein CAP-G is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPG gene.

F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 also known as CapZ-alpha2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPZA2 gene.

WD repeat-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR1 gene.

Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TEAD4 gene.

F-actin-capping protein subunit beta, also known as CapZβ is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPZB gene. CapZβ functions to cap actin filaments at barbed ends in muscle and other tissues.

Tripartite motif-containing protein 55 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM55 gene.

Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHOBTB1 gene.

Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle also known as kinase-related protein (KRP) or telokin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MYLK gene.

Tropomodulin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMOD3 gene.

Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8-like protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPS8L3 gene.

Tropomodulin 2 (neuronal) also known as TMOD2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TMOD2 gene.

Cofilin 2 (muscle) also known as CFL2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CFL2 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163157 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005628 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Cox PR, Zoghbi HY (January 2000). "Sequencing, expression analysis, and mapping of three unique human tropomodulin genes and their mouse orthologs". Genomics. 63 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6061. PMID 10662549.
↑ Almenar-Queralt A, Lee A, Conley CA, Ribas de Pouplana L, Fowler VM (October 1999). "Identification of a novel tropomodulin isoform, skeletal tropomodulin, that caps actin filament pointed ends in fast skeletal muscle". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (40): 28466–75. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.40.28466 . PMID 10497209.
↑ "Entrez Gene: TMOD4, Tropomodulin 4 (muscle)".

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Cox PR, Siddique T, Zoghbi HY (2001). "Genomic organization of Tropomodulins 2 and 4 and unusual intergenic and intraexonic splicing of YL-1 and Tropomodulin 4". BMC Genomics. 2: 7. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-2-7. PMC 59888 . PMID 11716785.
McElhinny AS, Kolmerer B, Fowler VM, et al. (2001). "The N-terminal end of nebulin interacts with tropomodulin at the pointed ends of the thin filaments". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (1): 583–92. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M005693200 . PMID 11016930.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163157 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005628 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10662549-5] Cox PR, Zoghbi HY (January 2000). "Sequencing, expression analysis, and mapping of three unique human tropomodulin genes and their mouse orthologs". Genomics. 63 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6061. PMID 10662549.

[pmid10497209-6] Almenar-Queralt A, Lee A, Conley CA, Ribas de Pouplana L, Fowler VM (October 1999). "Identification of a novel tropomodulin isoform, skeletal tropomodulin, that caps actin filament pointed ends in fast skeletal muscle". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (40): 28466–75. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.40.28466 . PMID 10497209.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: TMOD4, Tropomodulin 4 (muscle)".

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Tropomodulin 4

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading