ACTG2

ACTG2
Identifiers
Aliases	ACTG2 , ACT, ACTA3, ACTE, ACTL3, ACTSG, VSCM, actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric, actin gamma 2, smooth muscle, VSCM1, MMIHS5
External IDs	OMIM: 102545 MGI: 104589 HomoloGene: 123845 GeneCards: ACTG2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	73,919,865 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	83,513,247 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	seminal vesicula; ; saphenous vein; ; gastric mucosa; ; popliteal artery; ; prostate; ; myometrium; ; urethra; ; left uterine tube; ; appendix; ; right coronary artery;
	Top expressed in
	belly cord; ; cervix; ; left colon; ; ileum; ; seminal vesicula; ; pyloric antrum; ; seminiferous tubule; ; gallbladder; ; esophagus; ; urinary bladder;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding ; ATP binding ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; filopodium ; cell body ; myosin filament ; cytosol ; blood microparticle ; extracellular exosome ; cytoskeleton ; cell periphery ; lamellipodium ; extracellular space ;
Biological process	mesenchyme migration ; positive regulation of gene expression ; muscle contraction ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	72
	11468
	ENSG00000163017
	ENSMUSG00000059430
	P63267
	P63268
	NM_001615 ; NM_001199893
	NM_009610
	NP_001186822 ; NP_001606
	NP_033740
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated January 25, 2024

Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. In vertebrates, three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton, and as mediators of internal cell motility. Actin, gamma 2, encoded by this gene, is a smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues.^[7]

Interactions

ACTG2 has been shown to interact with Emerin.^[8]

Related Research Articles

Cofilin 1 , also known as CFL1, is a human gene, part of the ADF/cofilin family.

Actin, alpha skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA1 gene.

Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TPM1 gene. This gene is a member of the tropomyosin (Tm) family of highly conserved, widely distributed actin-binding proteins involved in the contractile system of striated and smooth muscles and the cytoskeleton of non-muscle cells.

T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD3G gene.

C-type lectin domain family 4 member M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4M gene. CLEC4M has also been designated as CD299.

Y box binding protein 1 also known as Y-box transcription factor or nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YBX1 gene.

Actin, cytoplasmic 2, or gamma-actin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG1 gene. Gamma-actin is widely expressed in cellular cytoskeletons of many tissues; in adult striated muscle cells, gamma-actin is localized to Z-discs and costamere structures, which are responsible for force transduction and transmission in muscle cells. Mutations in ACTG1 have been associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss and Baraitser-Winter syndrome, as well as susceptibility of adolescent patients to vincristine toxicity.

Alpha-actinin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTN1 gene.

Spectrin alpha chain, erythrocyte is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPTA1 gene.

ACTC1 encodes cardiac muscle alpha actin. This isoform differs from the alpha actin that is expressed in skeletal muscle, ACTA1. Alpha cardiac actin is the major protein of the thin filament in cardiac sarcomeres, which are responsible for muscle contraction and generation of force to support the pump function of the heart.

Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TPM3 gene.

ACTA2 is an actin protein with several aliases including alpha-actin, alpha-actin-2,aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin. Actins are a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments. ACTA2 is one of 6 different actin isoforms and is involved in the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle. ACTA2 is extremely highly conserved and found in nearly all mammals.

Barrier-to-autointegration factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BANF1 gene. It is a member of the barrier-to-autointegration factor family of proteins.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3 (PKD3) or PKC-nu is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKD3 gene.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKACG gene.

Zinc finger protein 40 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIVEP1 gene.

Interferon alpha-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA7 gene.

Troponin C, skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNC2 gene.

GBA2 is the gene that encodes the enzyme non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase in humans. It has glucosylceramidase activity.

Cofilin 2 (muscle) also known as CFL2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CFL2 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163017 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059430 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Miwa T, Manabe Y, Kurokawa K, Kamada S, Kanda N, Bruns G, Ueyama H, Kakunaga T (July 1991). "Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin gene: evolution of six human actin genes". Mol Cell Biol. 11 (6): 3296–306. doi:10.1128/mcb.11.6.3296. PMC 360182 . PMID 1710027.
↑ Ueyama H (May 1991). "A HindIII DNA polymorphism in the human enteric type smooth muscle actin gene (ACTSG)". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (2): 411. doi:10.1093/nar/19.2.411. PMC 333620 . PMID 1673027.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: ACTG2 actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric".
↑ Lattanzi G, Cenni Vittoria, Marmiroli Sandra, Capanni Cristina, Mattioli Elisabetta, Merlini Luciano, Squarzoni Stefano, Maraldi Nadir Mario (April 2003). "Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. United States. 303 (3): 764–70. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00415-7. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 12670476.

External links

Human ACTG2 genome location and ACTG2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Snásel J, Pichová I (1997). "The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease". Folia Biol. (Praha). 42 (5): 227–30. doi:10.1007/BF02818986. PMID 8997639. S2CID 7617882.
Adams LD, Tomasselli AG, Robbins P, et al. (1992). "HIV-1 protease cleaves actin during acute infection of human T-lymphocytes". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 8 (2): 291–5. doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.291. PMID 1540415.
Tomasselli AG, Hui JO, Adams L, et al. (1991). "Actin, troponin C, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (22): 14548–53. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98721-1 . PMID 1907279.
Shoeman RL, Kesselmier C, Mothes E, et al. (1991). "Non-viral cellular substrates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease". FEBS Lett. 278 (2): 199–203. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80116-K . PMID 1991513. S2CID 37002682.
Miwa T, Kamada S (1990). "The nucleotide sequence of a human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin cDNA". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (14): 4263. doi:10.1093/nar/18.14.4263. PMC 331204 . PMID 2377475.
Ueyama H, Inazawa J, Nishino H, et al. (1995). "Chromosomal mapping of the human smooth muscle actin gene (enteric type, ACTA3) to 2p13.1 and molecular nature of the hindIII polymorphism". Genomics. 25 (3): 720–3. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80016-F. PMID 7759108.
Szucsik JC, Lessard JL (1996). "Cloning and sequence analysis of the mouse smooth muscle gamma-enteric actin gene". Genomics. 28 (2): 154–62. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1126. PMID 8530021.
Bukrinskaya A, Brichacek B, Mann A, Stevenson M (1999). "Establishment of a Functional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcription Complex Involves the Cytoskeleton". J. Exp. Med. 188 (11): 2113–25. doi:10.1084/jem.188.11.2113. PMC 2212381 . PMID 9841925.
Zhang H, Wang L, Kao S, et al. (1999). "Functional interaction between the cytoplasmic leucine-zipper domain of HIV-1 gp41 and p115-RhoGEF". Curr. Biol. 9 (21): 1271–4. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80511-9. PMC 4513661 . PMID 10556093.
Kohnen G, Campbell S, Jeffers MD, Cameron IT (2000). "Spatially regulated differentiation of endometrial vascular smooth muscle cells". Hum. Reprod. 15 (2): 284–92. doi: 10.1093/humrep/15.2.284 . PMID 10655297.
Filmore RA, Dean DA, Zimmer WE (2003). "The smooth muscle gamma-actin gene is androgen responsive in prostate epithelia". Gene Expr. 10 (5–6): 201–11. doi:10.3727/000000002783992424 (inactive 2024-01-24). PMC 5977519 . PMID 12450213.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Cheng C, Sharp PA (2003). "RNA Polymerase II Accumulation in the Promoter-Proximal Region of the Dihydrofolate Reductase and γ-Actin Genes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (6): 1961–7. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.1961-1967.2003. PMC 149466 . PMID 12612070.
Wu RF, Gu Y, Xu YC, et al. (2004). "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Regulates Endothelial Cell Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics through PAK1 Activation and Oxidant Production". J. Virol. 78 (2): 779–89. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.2.779-789.2004. PMC 368750 . PMID 14694110.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, et al. (2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature. 434 (7034): 724–31. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..724H. doi: 10.1038/nature03466 . PMID 15815621.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163017 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059430 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1710027-5] Miwa T, Manabe Y, Kurokawa K, Kamada S, Kanda N, Bruns G, Ueyama H, Kakunaga T (July 1991). "Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin gene: evolution of six human actin genes". Mol Cell Biol. 11 (6): 3296–306. doi:10.1128/mcb.11.6.3296. PMC 360182 . PMID 1710027.

[pmid1673027-6] Ueyama H (May 1991). "A HindIII DNA polymorphism in the human enteric type smooth muscle actin gene (ACTSG)". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (2): 411. doi:10.1093/nar/19.2.411. PMC 333620 . PMID 1673027.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: ACTG2 actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric".

[pmid12670476-8] Lattanzi G, Cenni Vittoria, Marmiroli Sandra, Capanni Cristina, Mattioli Elisabetta, Merlini Luciano, Squarzoni Stefano, Maraldi Nadir Mario (April 2003). "Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. United States. 303 (3): 764–70. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00415-7. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 12670476.

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ACTG2

Contents

Interactions

Related Research Articles

References

External links

Further reading