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Women in Macau, as described by Candice Chio Ngan Ieng, president of the Macau Women's General Association (AGMM), in 2010 are currently defining themselves as capable and irreplaceable powers to Macau's modern-day civilization.
According to a fact sheet produced by Mariette Bolina, child rearing is often considered the role of women, but later, more women will decide to pursue an education. [1] The improvement of the level of education received by women in Macau is often attributed to the overall improvement of quality of Macau's education system and the overall improvement of women's educational awareness. from 1970 to 2007, due to the changing status of women in Macau's society and more people pursuing a greater level of education, the number of female university students increased from 10.8 million to 77.4 million. [2] However, there still exists illiteracy among Macanese women. It is theorised that by discarding Traditionalist attitudes and encouraging more women to pursue an education, Macau could eliminate this illiteracy. In addition, the gender gap between Macanese men and women can be eliminated through the pursuit of education. [1]
In the early 1990s, women in Macau became an indispensable force in the labor market. The 1991 edition of the Employment Survey, using data from Macau's Statistic and Census Bureau, estimated that the labor participation rate of women was 44.35%, the rate would later increase to 45.32% in 1996. [3] The income level of employed women has increased since the 1990s, reducing the income gap between men and women. However, the proportion of women as low income households remains higher than that of men, while the proportion of women as high income households is much smaller. In 1994, Women with an average monthly income of less than 1000 yuan accounted for 78.47% of the female population, women with monthly income of between 1,501 to 2,000 yuan accounted for 84.58% of the female population, and women with a monthly income of 2,001 to 2,500 yuan accounted for 70.12% of the female population, while women with an average monthly income of more than 2,500 yuan accounted for only 28.1% of the female population, while men accounted for 71.86%. [4] This shows that there still exists a major disparity between men and women's earnings in Macau.
According to a survey conducted by Xinxin Chen, [5] most Macanese women believe that their status in the family is equal to men but less so in greater society, younger women felt as though their social status was more egalitarian. This suggests that Traditionalist attitudes are still somewhat persistent in Macanese society but is waning in more familial settings and younger generations.
According to a survey from the Macau women's database, The respondents are mostly dissatisfied in communication with their families, also the living environment, and getting alone with husband plus children's education. Their life experiences is also vary on age. From age 18-30, communication with families and economic situation are mostly dissatisfied by the respondents. For age 31-55, children education and also the economic status are the things respondents worried about, after age 56, respondents are more concern about the communication with families. In general, the happiness of family life in Macau women will change according to different ages, income status and marital status. [6]
While under the colonial Portuguese, the affairs of Macau were all managed by Portuguese politicians. Chinese inhabitants rarely had adequate representation in local politics. The opportunities for women to participate in political affairs were even more so. After the period of colonization, the Special Administrative Region's Government enacted legislation to eliminate discrimination against women. In addition, various bureaus and departments have been founded to help advance and protect the equality of women and their welfare. This is exemplified by Article 38 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China [7] which states:
"Women's rights and interests are protected by the Macao Special Administrative Region."
Florinda Chan became a noteworthy Feminist icon in Macau after she became the Chief of Administrator of Macau at age 45. [8]
Sex trafficking in Macau remains a commonplace practice and contentious concern. Women and girls, both local and foreign, are forced into prostitution in brothels, homes, and businesses in the city. [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
The Macanese people are an East Asian ethnic group that originated in Macau in the 16th century, consisting of people of predominantly mixed Cantonese and Portuguese as well as Malay, Japanese, English, Dutch, Sinhalese, and Indian ancestry.
Macau is an autonomous territory within China. A Portuguese colony until 1999, Macau has a diverse culture firmly rooted in Cantonese culture, with a mix of influences from East Asia and Western Europe. Macau is known for being the largest gambling center in the world.
Fengdu County is a county located in Chongqing Municipality, People's Republic of China. The county was established as Fengdu County (豐都縣) during the Sui Dynasty. The name was changed to Fengdu County (酆都縣) during the Ming Dynasty. In 1958, the name was changed back to Fengdu County.
Islam in Macau is a minority religion in the region. According to the Islamic Union of Hong Kong, together with all of the foreign Muslim workers combined, there are aroubd 10,000 Muslims in Macau. Only around 400 are local Macanese people, and they are collective known as The Macau Islamic Society.
Xiantao is a sub-prefecture-level city in the east of Hubei province, China. Located at the Jianghan Plain in the middle of Hubei province and spanning 112°55' – 113°49' east longitude and 30°04' – 30°32' north latitude, Xiantao City covers an area of 2,538 km2 (980 sq mi). Xiantao is the hometown of author Chi Li and entrepreneur Lei Jun.
Tsona City, formerly Tsona County, is a county-level city in Shannan Prefecture in southern part of the Tibet region of China. Tsona means "The face of the [Nara Yumco] lake" in Tibetan. It lies immediately to the north of the McMahon Line agreed as the mutual border between British India and Tibet in 1914. China has not accepted the 1914 border delineation, but treats it as the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Tsona also borders Bhutan on its southwest.
The 12-3 incident was a series of political demonstrations and riots against Portuguese colonial rule in Macau which occurred on December 3, 1966. The incident, inspired by the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, occurred as a direct response to a violent police crackdown by colonial authorities against local Chinese protesters demonstrating against corruption and colonialism in Macau.
Xide County is a county in the south of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the southwestern mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, in the north-central area of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Xide County is bounded in the east by Zhaojue County, in the south by Xichang, in the west by Mianning County, and in the north by Yuexi County. As of 2020, it has an estimated population of 158,000 covering a total area of 2,206 square kilometers. The northern dialect of Yi language is commonly used, and the Yi language of Sichuan is based on the pronunciation of Xide County.
Pingtan County is a county comprising 126 islands in the Taiwan Strait, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, China. Now it is also the subject of newly founded Pingtan Comprehensive Pilot Zone (平潭综合实验区). The main island is Haitan Island.
Puning, officially Puning City, is a county-level city located in Eastern Guangdong, China, under the administration of the city, Jieyang. Nevertheless, its administrative power in economic matters is comparable to that of prefecture-level cities. Puning is geographically situated on the west rim of Chaoshan Plain, leaning against the stretching branch of the Lianhua Mountains at its southwest border, and 90 percent of its territory sits on the south of the Tropic of Cancer. The city has a population of 2.5089 million under its household registration system hukou, marking the largest in all county-level cities in China. Puning's downtown residents amount to 581,900, behind Yiwu, while the entire city's resident population of 1.9986 million is second to cities Kunshan and Jinjiang. It is concurrently the ancestral hometown of 1.95 million overseas Chinese people and 1.4 million 'returned overseas Chinese people' and family members of overseas Chinese people.
Lushi County is a county under the jurisdiction of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, the People's Republic of China. It is adjacent to Lingbao City in the north, Luoning County and Luanchuan County in the east, Xixia County in Nanyang City in the south, and Luonan County, Danfeng County and Shangnan County in Shaanxi Province in the west and southwest. It covers an area of 4,004 square kilometers and has a population of 317,232 in 2020. The county government is stationed in Chengguan Town. The county was established in 113 BC. It is the county with the largest area, the smallest population density and the highest average altitude in Henan Province, and it is also a provincial forest city in Henan Province.
The 17th Golden Eagle Awards were held August 18, 1999, in Shenzhen. Nominees and winners are listed below, winners are in bold.
Chan Meng Kam is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Macau. Chan Meng Kam is a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, President of the Macau Paralympic Committee, Chairman of City University of Macau and Huaqiao University.
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Zheng Xiaosong was a Chinese politician and diplomat. He was Director of the Macau Liaison Office, a ministerial-level position, until he fell to his death from his residence in October 2018. He formerly served as Deputy Director of the International Liaison Department of the Chinese Communist Party, Vice Governor of Fujian Province, and secretary-general of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The Statistics and Census Service is the statistics agency of Macau. Its head office is on the 17th floor of Dynasty Plaza (皇朝廣場) in Sé.
The 2019 Macanese Chief Executive election was held on 25 August 2019 for the 5th term of the Chief Executive of Macau (CE), the highest office of the Macau Special Administrative Region. Incumbent Chief Executive Fernando Chui, who was re-elected once already, was not eligible to run for the office under Macao Basic Law, the mini-constitution of the territory. Ho Iat-seng, former President of the Legislative Assembly of Macau, won as the sole candidate of the election.
Tommy Chan Kai-kit, born Chio Ho-cheong, is a Macanese businessman who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Macau and of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Following the revelation that Chan was the mastermind behind the fraud case of Guangnan Holding, he was wanted by Hong Kong's Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC). His whereabouts have since remained unknown.
