Broadway (Los Angeles)

Last updated

Broadway Theater and
Commercial District (NRHP)
Broadway Theater and
Entertainment District
(City of Los Angeles)
Broadway looking north from Hoxton Hotel Roof (11th St.), September 2020.jpg
Broadway looking north towards the historic Theater and Commercial District from Hoxton Hotel Roof (11th St.), September 2020
Location map Los Angeles.png
Red pog.svg
Location300—849 S. Broadway
Los Angeles, California
Coordinates 34°2′48″N118°15′4″W / 34.04667°N 118.25111°W / 34.04667; -118.25111
ArchitectMultiple
Architectural styleEarly Commercial, Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Art Deco
NRHP reference No. 79000484 [1]
Added to NRHPMay 9, 1979
Broadway
Los Angeles Theatre.jpg
Los Angeles Theatre
Maintained by
Length17.75 mi (28.57 km)
Location Los Angeles
South end Main Street in Carson
Major
junctions
Northeast end Mission Road in Los Angeles
Construction
Inauguration1890

Broadway, until 1890 Fort Street, is a major thoroughfare in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The portion of Broadway from 3rd to 9th streets, in the Historic Core of Downtown Los Angeles, was the city's main commercial street from the 1910s until World War II, and is the location of the Broadway Theater and Commercial District, the first and largest historic theater district listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). [2] With twelve movie palaces located along a six-block stretch, it is the only large concentration of movie palaces left in the United States.

Contents

Route

South Broadway's southern terminus is Main Street just north of the San Diego Freeway (I-405) in Carson. From there it runs 10 miles (16 km) north through Athens and South Los Angeles to Downtown Los Angeles – at Olympic Blvd. entering downtown's Historic Core, in which the buildings lining Broadway form the Broadway Theater and Commercial District. Crossing 3rd Street, Broadway passes through the Civic Center including Grand Park. After crossing the US-101 (Santa Ana Freeway), signs read "North Broadway" as it enters Chinatown. It then curves northeast, passing through old railyards, crosses the Golden State Fwy. (I-5) and heads due east to its terminus at Mission Road in Lincoln Heights.

History

Founding and extension

Broadway, one of the oldest streets in the city, was laid out as part of the 1849 plan of Los Angeles made by Lieutenant Edward Ord and named Fort Street. Fort Street began at the south side of Fort Moore Hill (a block north of Temple Street) at Sand Street (later California Street).

In 1890, the name of Fort Street, from 1st Street to 10th Street, was changed to Broadway. The rest of Fort Street, from California Street to 1st Street, was changed to North Broadway. [3] [4]

Proposal for opening Broadway through to Buena Vista Street (now North Broadway), and extending the street south into what was then part of Main Street, below Tenth Street, in order to give a continuous, wide thoroughfare from the southern city limits to the Eastside, was made as early as February 1891. [5]

The Broadway Tunnel under Fort Moore Hill was opened in 1901, extending North Broadway to Buena Vista Street at Bellevue Avenue (later Sunset Boulevard, now Cesar Chavez Avenue). A section of Broadway in South Los Angeles was originally named Moneta Avenue until 1923. [6]

In 1909, construction on a bridge across the Los Angeles River was begun to connect Buena Vista Street to Downey Avenue, which ran from the river to Mission Road. The names of Buena Vista and Downey were then changed to North Broadway, [7] [8] [9] but not without significant objections from affected residents and landowners. [10] [11] [12] [13] The bridge, which continued to be referred to as the Buena Vista Street Bridge for a good while, was opened to traffic in late September 1911. [14]

Commercial and entertainment center

For more than 50 years, Broadway from 1st Street to Olympic Boulevard was the main commercial street of Los Angeles, and one of its premier theater and movie palace districts as well. It contains a vast number of historic buildings and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Prior to the turn of the 20th century, the city's Central Business District was further north, along Spring and Main streets between the Plaza and 2nd Street. In 1895 J.W. Robinson's opened what was then considered a very large and impressive four-story department store at 239 S. Broadway, [15] [16] signaling of the shift over the next decade and a half of the main shopping district to Broadway below 2nd Street.

Retail hub

Broadway and Seventh, looking north (1914) Broadway and Seventh looking north 1914.jpg
Broadway and Seventh, looking north (1914)

From around 1905 through the 1950s, Broadway was considered the center of the city, where residents went to ornate movie palaces and live theaters, and shopped at major department stores and shops. See the Table of department stores on Broadway and Seventh streets below.

The square footage of the four largest department stores alone — Bullock's at 806,000 sq ft (74,900 m2), The Broadway at 577,000 sq ft (53,600 m2), [17] May Co. at over 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m2) [18] and J. W. Robinson's (7th St. at Hope) at 623,700 sq ft (57,940 m2) [19] [20] — totaled over three million square feet, the size of American Dream Meadowlands, America's largest mall today.

Among dozens of significant buildings from that era are the Bradbury Building, Ace Hotel Los Angeles, and the Los Angeles Examiner building designed by Julia Morgan.

Some of the movie theaters on the street fell into disuse and disrepair, some were replaced with parking lots, but many have been repurposed and/or restored. The department stores closed in the 1970s and 1980s, but Broadway has been the premier shopping destination for working class Latinos for decades. [21]

Theater District

The Broadway Theater District is the first and largest historic theater district listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). [22] The district, which spans from 2nd to 10th street, contains twelve movie palaces.

Department stores

Broadway since 2008

In 2008, the City of Los Angeles launched a $40-million campaign to revitalize the Broadway district, known as the "Bringing Back Broadway" campaign. Some Latino merchants in the district expressed concern that the campaign was an effort to spread the largely Anglo gentrification taking hold in other parts of downtown to an area that has become the city's leading Latino shopping district. [23] A worker at one of the district's bridal shops noted, "On one side, I like the idea. The only thing is that I don't think they want our types of businesses." [23]

The Downtown's real estate revitalization, using the City's adaptive reuse ordinance that makes it easier for developers to convert outmoded and/or vacant office and commercial buildings into residential buildings, has reached the Broadway Historic District. It includes the transformation of the United Artists Theater office tower into the Ace Hotel Los Angeles, and restoration of its movie palace.

The Bringing Back Broadway commission is working on further reviving the landmark Los Angeles boulevard in the historic district. Led by City Councilman Jose Huizar, the commission has recommended widening sidewalks, eliminating traffic lanes, constructing new parking structures, and bringing back streetcar service reminiscent of the street's past. [24] A pedestrian-friendly project finished up in December 2014 that widened the sidewalks and replaced the parking lane with planters, chairs and round cafe tables with bright-red umbrellas. The Great Streets Initiative seeks to bolster the street-level health of the city by making several dozen boulevards more hospitable to pedestrians, cyclists and small businesses. Mayor Eric Garcetti said the effort represents "a shift from the way that our neighborhoods have been planned in Los Angeles," with a new focus on "walkability and transit." [25]

Broadway retail is transitioning from a broad mix of stores catering to Hispanic immigrants and a burgeoning sneaker and streetwear retail cluster has emerged from 4th to 9th streets: Sneaker Row. [26]

Retail in and around the Eastern Columbia, located at the intersection of 9th Street & Broadway, has proliferated in recent years with the opening of Acne Studios, Oak NYC, Aesop, Tanner Goods, BNKR, Austere, A.P.C., and Urban Outfitters located in the Rialto Theater (Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument No. 472). [27] [28]

Buildings and sites

North of Hollywood Freeway

Hollywood Freeway to Temple

This area south to Second Street was Los Angeles's Central Business District during the 1880s and 1890s. It is now the Civic Center.

Temple and Broadway

Cable cars of the Temple Street Cable Railway ran along Temple Street starting in 1886 and were replaced with Pacific Electric streetcars in 1902. [29] [30]

Northwest corner

  • The three-story brick Women's Christian Temperance Union building was erected in 1888 for $45,000. [31] Also known as the Temperance Temple, it has been demolished [32] and was replaced in 1957 by the Los Angeles County Central Heating and Refrigeration Plant. [33]

Southeast corner

This location was at the time known as Pound Cake Hill. The buildings located here faced New High Street to their east and Broadway to their west. They were as follows: [34]

  • Los Angeles High School, whose original location (1873-1887) was between New High on the west and Broadway on the east, south of Temple Street. It was moved to California and Sand streets, and in 1890 a new facility was built on Fort Moore Hill, immediately north of where Broadway today crosses the Hollywood Freeway. The Pound Cake Hill school was demolished and replaced by:
  • First, the Red Stone Courthouse (or "Red Sandstone Courthouse"), which took over the function of courthouse from the Clocktower Courthouse (also called the Temple Courthouse). It was damaged beyond repair by Long Beach earthquake of 1933 and was torn down in 1936.
  • The Los Angeles County Hall of Records was built next to (south of) the Red Sandstone Courthouse in 1911, After the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, it was determined to be unsafe and it was demolished in 1973. A new Hall of Records was built and opened in 1962, one block west on the south side of Temple between Broadway and Hill.

Currently on the site are:

  • Clara Shortridge Foltz Criminal Justice Center (Los Angeles County Grand Jury), originally known as the Criminal Courts Building, opened in 1972
  • A portion of Grand Park, which stretches mid-block between Temple and First, from City Hall at Spring Street, to the Music Center at Grand Avenue.

Southwest corner

Adjacent to the south, mid-block, is a portion of Grand Park.

First and Broadway

Northeast corner

Northwest corner

  • Site of the Tajo Building (1896–mid-20th c.). [36] Now the location of the Los Angeles County Law Library. [37]

Southeast corner and east side of 100 block

  • Site of the Culver Block retail and office building. [38] Now the site of the Times Mirror Square 1973 Pereira Addition, so called because it was designed by William Pereira.
  • South of the Culver Block was the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce Building, 128–130 S. Broadway, opened February 12, 1904, [39] a landmark at the time featured on postcards and in books. 6 stories, 4 floors. Ground floor offices included those of the Los Angeles Herald and Consolidated Bank. [40]

Southwest corner

The southwest corner, during Victorian times the site of unremarkable retail and office buildings, was from 1958 the location of the State Office Building, (1958-60, architect Anson C. Boyd, razed 2006). It was named the Junipero Serra State Office Building, and this moniker would be transferred to the former Broadway Department Store building at 4th and Broadway when it was opened to replace this building in 1998. [41] It is now the location of the New U.S. Courthouse built in 2016, taking up the entire block between Broadway, Hill, First and Second. [42]

Just south of the southwest corner was the Mason Theatre , 127 S. Broadway. Opened in 1903 as the Mason Opera House, 1,600 seats. Benjamin Marshall of the Chicago firm Marshall & Wilson designed the building in association with John Parkinson. Marshall is known for designing the Iroquois Theatre in Chicago. Remodeled in 1924 by Meyer & Holler. Later, as the Mason Theatre, it showed Spanish-language films. Demolished 1955. [43]

145 S. Broadway, [44] site of the C. H. Frost Building, later known as the Haig M. Prince Building. Built 1898, architect John Parkinson, [45] Now the location of the new United States Courthouse built in 2016, taking up the entire block between Broadway, Hill, First and Second. [42]

Second and Broadway

Northeast corner

One of several Hellman Buildings across Downtown L.A. — not to be confused with the still-existing Hellman Building at Fourth and Spring — was located here (#138) from 1897 to 1959. [46] The site is now a parking structure, part of the Times Mirror Square complex.

Southwest corner and west side of 200 block

The west side of the 200 block of South Broadway had a key place in the retail history of Los Angeles from the 1893 through 1917, as it was home to several prominent early department stores such as the Ville de Paris, Coulter's department store from 1905–1917, and J. W. Robinson's "Boston Dry Goods" store from 1895–1915. All three stores would move to Seventh Street when it became the upscale shopping street between 1915 and 1917.

  • On the southwest corner of 2nd and Broadway was Judge O'Melveny's house, built in 1870. This was replaced by the American National Bank (later California Bank) Building, which one turn was replaced by the California Building in 1911. Nos. 201-213 Broadway are now known named the Broadway Media Center.

Further south on the west side of Broadway, was 207–211, location of the:

  • YMCA Building (#207–209–211), Romanesque Revival architecture, opened in July 1889, demolished in 1903.
    • The YMCA operated here at #207 from 1889 until 1903,
    • City of London opened here in August 1891, run by Messrs. Hiles and Niccolls, who came from the City of Paris department store. It carried curtains, window shades, comforters, and the like. [47] It operated here until August 1895, when it moved next door to the Potomac Block at #213. [48]

The YMCA Building was demolished to make way for the:

  • Merchants Trust Co. Building. [49]
Coulter's complex

The adjacent Potomac Block and Bicknell Block originally housed prominent retailers of the day, then were joined together in 1906 by Coulter's department store to form a complex, opening it as a new, 157,000 sq ft (14,600 m2) store in June, 1905. [50] [51] [52]

Potomac Block

The Potomac Block, 213–223 S. Broadway, was from 1905 to 1917 known as the B. F. Coulter Building. It was originally developed by lumberyard and mill owner J. M. Griffith. It was designed in 1888 by Block, Curlett and Eisen in Romanesque architectural style [53] and opened on July 17, 1890. [54]

Tenants included:

  • Ville de Paris department store (at 221–223, from 1893 through 1906), [53]
  • City of London Dry Goods Co., which moved here from next door at #211 in August 1895 and advertised for this location through August 1899. [48]

It was the first time major retail stores opened on South Broadway, in what would be a shift of the upmarket shopping district from 1890 to 1905 from around First and Spring to South Broadway. In 1904, Coulter's bought the Potomac Block, and combined it with the Bicknell block to create its new store that opened in 1905.

After Coulter's moved:

  • 215 continued as a branch of Coulter's through 1927. Then, 215–217 was home to the Pacific Furniture House in the 1940s.
  • 219 housed Fisch's Department Store in the 1940s.

The building was demolished in 1953 and is still the site of a parking lot. [55]

Bicknell Block

The Bicknell Block (or Bicknell Building) at 225–229 S. Broadway, with back entrances at 224–228 S. Hill Street. was part of Coulter's from 1905 from 1917. After Coulter's moved in 1917, it housed the Western Shoe Co. (through 1922), later known as the Western Department Store (1922–1928). Lettering covered the face of the building from top to bottom through the end of the 1950s: "THE LARGEST SHOE DEPT. IN THE WEST". [56]

Further south
  • 231-235, the Harris Newmark Building (1899, Abram Edelman), Bartlett Music Co. (#233), annex to J. W. Robinson's (#235); Goodwill Industries store (#233-235, 1950s–60s). The building still stands, but all floors except the ground floor have been removed.
  • 237-241, the Boston Dry Goods Building (completed 1895, demolished, architects Theodore Eisen and Sumner Hunt, designer of the Bradbury Building) [57] [58] The building was home to J. W. Robinson's "Boston Dry Goods" store from 1895 to 1915, Scott's Department Store (239–241, 1920s), Third Street Store (237–241, 1950s–60s). Demolished, currently the site of a parking lot.
  • 251 was home to the I. Magnin speciality department store, which opened here on January 2, 1899; [59] starting 1904, I. Magnin announced that the store would be known by the name of its manager, Myer Siegel. [60]

Southeast corner and east side of 200 block

The southeast corner of 2nd and Broadway was the site of:

  • First Presbyterian Church in 1894. [61] The church was replaced sometime before 1906
  • Nolan, Smith and Bridge Building, #200-4 S. Broadway, stores and a restaurant. [62]
  • Now the corner is the site of the Historic Broadway underground light rail station.

Mid-block were:

  • Crocker Building, #212–6 [63] Home to Victor Clothing from 1920 to 1964
  • B'nai B'rith Temple (1873), 214 S. Broadway (post-1890 numbering), the city's first synagogue, razed to make way for the Copp Building, 218–224 S. Broadway, home to the original (1908) Pig 'n Whistle candy shop and tea room. [64] The Pig 'n Whistle would open locations at 7th and Broadway and in Hollywood, where it would become a landmark restaurant that still operates today.
  • City Hall (1888–1928; opened 1888, demolished 1929; 228–238 S. Broadway, architect Solomon Irmscher Haas, Romanesque Revival). Now a parking lot. Three stories, it had a 150-foot (46 m) campanile. Red and brown brick. Housed the Los Angeles Public Library for a time until it moved to the new Hamburger's department store building at Eighth and Broadway in 1908. [65] The site is now part of the "(213) S. Spring" parking garage. [37]
  • #240-246 the Hosfield Building , location of the Natatorium (indoor swimming pool) in 1894 and the Imperial Restaurant in 1906. [63] After 1964, location of Victor Clothing, notable for its changing murals reflecting local Chicano culture. Victor Clothing operated here until 2001, and was known i.a. for its frequent ads on Spanish-language television. [66]

Third and Broadway

Northwest corner

The corner is home to one of the oldest buildings outside the Plaza area, the 1895 Irvine-Byrne Building or Irvine Block or Byrne Building; now called the Pan American Lofts. The architect was Sumner Hunt. It was built in a hybrid Spanish Colonial Revival/Beaux-Arts style.

The building was home to the renowned I. Magnin clothing store that opened here on January 2, 1899; [67] on June 19, 1904, I. Magnin announced that the Los Angeles store would henceforth be known as Myer Siegel. [60] After a fire at the Irvine Byrne Building destroyed its store on February 16, 1911, Myer Siegel moved further south on Broadway.

It was modernized and converted to lofts in 2007 and given its present name. The halls and staircase have appeared in many films and television commercials. [68]

From Third Street south to Olympic Blvd. (originally Tenth St.), and from Hill Street east to Los Angeles Street, including Broadway, is the Historic Core district, the city's main commercial and entertainment area in the first half of the 20th century.

Northeast corner

On this corner: [69]

  • Originally the J. C. Graves house stood here; Graves bought the property in 1879 for $2,250. The house was sold and removed to 10th and Hope streets in 1888.
  • Rindge Block (1898, sold in 1899 for $190,000 to Frederick H. Rindge, the "King of Malibu"), 248–260 S. Broadway, commercial building; the top floors were removed and only the ground floor remains.

Southwest corner

Southeast corner

Third to Fourth

West side

East side

Fourth to Fifth

West side

East side

Fifth to Sixth

West side

East side

Sixth to Seventh

West side

East side

Seventh to Eighth

West side

East side

Eighth to Ninth

West side

East side

Ninth to Olympic

West side

East side

South of Olympic

West side

East side

Public transportation

The Los Angeles Metro Rail's Historic Broadway station is an underground light rail station near the intersection of 2nd and Broadway, [125] [126] which is served by the E Line east to East Los Angeles and west to Santa Monica, and on the A Line northeast to Union Station, Pasadena, and Azusa and south to Long Beach. [127]

Metro J Line bus rapid transit (BRT) has 5 stations adjacent to Broadway in South Los Angeles: 37th Street/USC, Slauson, Manchester/I-110, Harbor Freeway, and Rosecrans. These stations are along the Harbor Transitway, a dedicated busway between Downtown L.A. (Adams Blvd.) and the Harbor Gateway, near Carson, in the median of the Harbor Freeway (I-110), just west of Broadway. J Line BRT runs as far south as San Pedro and as far northeast as El Monte.

Metro Local bus line 45 serves most of the length of Broadway, between Lincoln Heights through Downtown to the Harbor Freeway Station. Local routes 4, 30, and 40 serve portions of Broadway downtown.

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form - California SP Broadway Theater and Commercial District". United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service. May 9, 1979.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sandra A.B. Levis. "Broadway Historic Theater District: A walking tour sponsored by the Los Angeles Conservancy" (PDF). Los Angeles Conservancy.
  3. ↑ "City In Brief" . Los Angeles Times . September 6, 1889. p. 8. ProQuest   163467011.
  4. ↑ "Other 3 -- No Title" . Los Angeles Times . February 18, 1890. p. 4. ProQuest   163516086.
  5. ↑ "Sou', Sou'west" . Los Angeles Times . February 26, 1891. p. 4. ProQuest   163524656.
  6. ↑ "Realtors Want New Boulevard: Ask Supervisors for Route Connecting Moneta Avenue With Harbor" . Los Angeles Times . December 10, 1922. p. V9. ProQuest   161208643.
  7. ↑ "A Literary Fog" . Los Angeles Times . November 30, 1909. p. II4. ProQuest   159317712.
  8. ↑ "The Lancer" . Los Angeles Times . January 22, 1911. p. II5. ProQuest   159604470.
  9. ↑ "Downey And Buena Vista Will Be North Broadway". Los Angeles Herald . Vol. 35, no. 353. September 19, 1908 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  10. ↑ "Object to Changing Name". Los Angeles Herald . Vol. 32, no. 105. January 14, 1905 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  11. ↑ "Buena Vista Street Will Continue Name: Will Not Be Changed to North Broadway". Los Angeles Herald . Vol. 32, no. 238. May 27, 1905 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  12. ↑ "Object to Merger Of Downey Avenue". Los Angeles Herald . Vol. 36, no. 24. October 25, 1908 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  13. ↑ "East Side Residents, Prefer Downey Avenue". Los Angeles Herald . Vol. 37, no. 200. April 19, 1910 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  14. ↑ "Majestic; Great Viaduct About Ready; Cars Run Over the Buena Vista Structure; Concrete Bridge Across Los Angeles River Weighs Nearly Forty Thousand Tons, Cost Two Hundred and Seventy-five Thousand Dollars—Without a Peer in West" . Los Angeles Times . September 24, 1911. p. II1. ProQuest   159704885.
  15. ↑ "The Boston Dry Goods Store". Los Angeles Times. January 1, 1895. p. 29. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  16. ↑ "The New Boston Store:Los Angeles' Finest Commercial Structure Is Complete". Los Angeles Herald. October 4, 1895. p. 5.
  17. ↑ "Framework is now finished: Construction Started Late Last Fall: Additional Will Be Completed During July: Department Store Growth Is Consistent". Los Angeles Times. March 23, 1924. p. 91. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Clipped From Los Angeles Herald". Los Angeles Herald. April 15, 1906. p. 20 – via newspapers.com.
  19. ↑ "11 Jan 1923, 27 - The Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com.
  20. ↑ pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/9453/
  21. 1 2 DiMassa, Cara & Bloomekatz, Ari B. (January 28, 2008). "L.A. plans Broadway face-lift". Los Angeles Times . pp. B1, B8.
  22. ↑ Sandra A.B. Levis. "Broadway Historic Theater District: A walking tour sponsored by the Los Angeles Conservancy" (PDF). Los Angeles Conservancy.
  23. 1 2 DiMassa, Cara (January 28, 2008). "L.A. plans Broadway face-lift". Los Angeles Times.
  24. ↑ "Bringing Back Broadway". City of Los Angeles.
  25. ↑ Hawthorne, Christopher (December 6, 2014). "'Latino Urbanism' influences a Los Angeles in flux". Los Angeles Times .
  26. ↑ White, Ronald D. (December 8, 2018). "Must Reads: Downtown L.A.'s latest retail renaissance? Broadway's burgeoning 'Sneaker Row'". Los Angeles Times.
  27. ↑ Jose Huizar - Councilmember District 14, City of Los Angeles. "Councilmember Huizar's Bringing Back Broadway Initiative Welcomes Acne Retail" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ↑ Sherman, Lauren (December 2, 2014). "Inside Downtown Los Angeles's Retail Boom". Fashionista .
  29. ↑ "Map of Temple Street Cable Railway, via Metro (Los Angeles County)".
  30. ↑ "Temple Street Cable Railway (1886)". www.erha.org.
  31. ↑ "New Buildings: A Splendid Showing for the Future Los Angeles". Los Angeles Times. May 13, 1888. p. 3.
  32. ↑ "Water and Power Associates".
  33. ↑ "Los Angeles County Central Heating and Refrigeration Plant". Calisphere.
  34. ↑ "Water and Power Associates". waterandpower.org.
  35. ↑ "Water and Power Associates". waterandpower.org. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  36. ↑ "PCAD - Tajo Building, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA". pcad.lib.washington.edu.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 search for the location, Google Maps, retrieved October 20, 2020
  38. ↑ "Water and Power Associates".
  39. ↑ "BEgins New Era of Achievement: Chamber of Commerce Welcomes Public to Magnificent Home, with Brilliant Reception — Annual Reports Show Splendid Progress". The Los Angeles Times. February 13, 1904. p. 13. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  40. ↑ "PCAD - Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce Building, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA". pcad.lib.washington.edu.
  41. ↑ "Junipero Serra State Office Building #1", Pacific Coast Architecture Database
  42. 1 2 "New Los Angeles US Courthouse". www.gsa.gov.
  43. ↑ "Mason Theatre in Los Angeles, CA - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org.
  44. ↑ "2nd Street and Broadway" Huntington Digital Library
  45. ↑ Marques Vickers, Reinventing Broadway, p.52
  46. ↑ "Water and Power Associates".
  47. ↑ "Broadway to the Front". Los Angeles Evening Express. August 7, 1891. p. 8.
  48. 1 2 "Advertisement for City of Paris". Los Angeles Times. August 6, 1895. p. 10.
  49. ↑ "Merchants Trust Company Building, ca.1910". Calisphere.
  50. ↑ "Great Store for Coulter". Los Angeles Times. August 2, 1904. p. 13.
  51. ↑ "Coulter's location 1906 225–229 S. Broadway and 224-6-8 S. Hill". The Los Angeles Times. November 2, 1906. p. 19.
  52. ↑ "Ad for Coulter's new store opening". Los Angeles Times. May 31, 1905.
  53. 1 2 "Potomac Block :: Los Angeles Public Library Photo Collection". tessa.lapl.org.
  54. ↑ "Potomac Block. The Work of Building Up a Great City". Los Angeles Herald. July 18, 1890.
  55. ↑ "Potomac Block & Bicknell Block – Romanesque Revival Downtown – PocketSights". pocketsights.com.
  56. ↑ "Western Shoe Company – Western Department Store – 227 S Broadway". Los Angeles Evening Express. May 26, 1922. p. 14. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  57. ↑ "The Boston Dry Goods Store". Los Angeles Times. January 1, 1895. p. 29. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  58. ↑ "The New Boston Store:Los Angeles' Finest Commercial Structure Is Complete". Los Angeles Herald. October 4, 1895. p. 5.
  59. ↑ "31 Dec 1898, 4 – Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com.
  60. 1 2 "19 Jun 1904, 12 – Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com.
  61. ↑ Sanborn Map of Los Angeles: 1894, vol. 1, plate 8, via Library of Congress.
  62. ↑ Sanborn Map of Los Angeles: 1906, vol. 2, plate 131, via Library of Congress.
  63. 1 2 Sanborn Maps of Los Angeles: 1894, vol. 1, plate 8; 1906, vol. 2, plate 131.
  64. ↑ "Pig 'n Whistle opens 224 S. Broadway". The Los Angeles Times. December 10, 1908. p. 22 – via newspapers.com.
  65. ↑ "CityDig: This Was L.A.'s City Hall for 39 Years". Los Angeles Magazine. May 8, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
  66. ↑ Maese, Kathryn. "The Victor No Longer". Los Angeles Downtown News - The Voice of Downtown Los Angeles. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
  67. ↑ "I Magnin moves from Spring to Broadway 1". Los Angeles Times. December 31, 1898. p. 4 – via newspapers.com.
  68. ↑ Flynn, Kathleen Nye. "Mixing the Old With the New". Los Angeles Downtown News – The Voice of Downtown Los Angeles. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  69. ↑ "Business Property Deal: Nearly Two Hundred Thousand Dollars for a Good Corner". March 22, 1899.
  70. ↑ "22 Sep 1989, 19 - The Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
  71. 1 2 "Bradbury Building | Los Angeles Conservancy". www.laconservancy.org.
  72. ↑ "Plate 002 From Los Angeles 1910 Baist's Real Estate Surveys, California Published by G. W. Baist in 1910" . Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  73. ↑ "More New Buildings". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. May 8, 1895. p. 8. Among the building permits issued by the Building Superintendent yesterday was one taken out by T. D. Stimson for a two-story building on the southwest corner of Broadway and Third street. The building is to be in size 120x120 feet. The estimated cost of the structure is $26,000.
  74. ↑ "Advertisement for Parry men's furnishings, 303 S. Broadway". Los Angeles Evening Express. December 19, 1896. p. 2.; "Ad for Geneva Watch and Optical Co., 305 S. Broadway". The Los Angeles Times. January 1, 1904. p. 12.; "Ad for A. J. Riethmuller "The Rival" millinery, 309 S. Broadway". The Los Angeles Times. April 17, 1898. p. 56.; "Ad for Bauman's millinery, 309 S. Broadway". The Los Angeles Times. May 11, 1897. p. 12.; "Ad for Blair's shoe store, 311 S. Broadway". The Los Angeles Times. October 4, 1903. p. 21.; "Ad for Kohler & Chase music store, 311 S. Broadway". Los Angeles Evening Express. May 19, 1916. p. 11.; "Ad for Brown's music store, 313 S. Broadway". The Los Angeles Times. February 28, 1904. p. 12.
  75. ↑ "Will Go Up Rapidly: Work on the Jacoby Building Was Begun Today: Most of the Material for the Big Business Structure Is Already on the Ground". Los Angeles Evening Post-Record. September 1, 1899. p. 1. Architect John Parkinson
  76. ↑ "Jacoby Bros. ad". Los Angeles Times. November 28, 1899. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  77. ↑ "Boston Store Los Angeles 1939 - 331 S. Broadway (old Jacoby Bros.) and 4755 Whittier Blvd". The Los Angeles Times. November 6, 1939. p. 10 – via newspapers.com.
  78. ↑ "Water and Power Associates".
  79. ↑ "New Cloak and Suit House". Los Angeles Times. January 22, 1905.
  80. ↑ "New York Store's Life Dream Comes True: J. J. Haggarty Ready to Open New Emporium at Seventh and Grand Tomorrow". Los Angeles Evening Express. September 19, 1917.
  81. ↑ "Moving to Broadway: J. M. Hale Co. Go to Petticoat Lane". Los Angeles Evening Express. January 23, 1909. p. 4.
  82. ↑ "Los Angeles Herald 7 March 1921 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu.
  83. ↑ "The Grant Block". Los Angeles Times. February 13, 1898.
  84. ↑ "To be enlarged". Los Angeles Times. May 4, 1902.
  85. ↑ "PCAD - Grant Building, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA". pcad.lib.washington.edu.
  86. ↑ "Los Angeles Herald 1 September 1908 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu.
  87. ↑ "Wetherby(sic)-Kayser Co. Leases $500,000 Broadway Building". Los Angeles Evening Express. June 16, 1924. p. 23. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  88. 1 2 3 "Application form for Broadway Theater and Commercial District, National Register of Historic Places".
  89. ↑ "318-320 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90013 – Retail for Sale | LoopNet.com". LoopNet.
  90. 1 2 "National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form". npgallery.nps.gov. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  91. ↑ "Mistitled: 356 S. Broadway". USC Library.
  92. ↑ "PCAD - Johnson, O.T., Commercial Building #2, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA". pcad.lib.washington.edu.
  93. ↑ "New Building on Broadway". Los Angeles Evening Express. March 18, 1905.
  94. ↑ "Muse President Fifth Street Store", Los Angeles 'Herald', 1909-02-07
  95. ↑ "Big Department Store To Open", Los Angeles 'Herald', 1905-09-17
  96. 1 2 "Store's Name Now Milliron's". Los Angeles Times. May 2, 1946.
  97. ↑ "Thousands at opening of new Ohrbach store". Los Angeles Times. December 1, 1953. p. 18.
  98. ↑ Historic-Cultural Monument Application for the F. and W. Grand Silver Store Building (PDF). Los Angeles Department of City Planning. October 2017.
  99. ↑ Sitton, Tom (2008). "GC 1323 - Historic Sites Surveys" (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
  100. ↑ "Ad for Swelldom". Los Angeles Times. November 21, 1920. p. 45.
  101. ↑ "Ad for Swelldom". Los Angeles Times. November 28, 1920. p. 47.
  102. ↑ Craughwell, Kathleen (May 26, 1996). "Movies: Broadway West; Bringing the Classics Back Home". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest   293312910.
  103. ↑ "New Home for Jevne Company". Los Angeles Evening Express. January 25, 1906. p. 15.
  104. ↑ "Work is Rapid on Hotel Palms". Los Angeles Herald. October 14, 1906.
  105. ↑ "New Department Store Opens Doors to Public". Los Angeles Herald. March 26, 1907. p. 4.
  106. ↑ "Meer Siegel Takes Lease". Los Angeles Times. June 24, 1934. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  107. ↑ "Broadway Building Set for Creative Office Revamp". Los Angeles Downtown News . December 14, 2018.
  108. ↑ "Los Angeles Union Station Run-through Tracks Project: Environmental Impact Statement". May 18, 2004 – via Google Books.
  109. ↑ "Harris & Frank advertisement". Los Angeles Times. January 17, 1980. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  110. ↑ "State Theatre and Building | Los Angeles Conservancy". www.laconservancy.org. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  111. ↑ "Los Angeles Investment Co. Building, Los Angeles, Cal". Loyola Marymount University Digital Collections. Retrieved October 19, 2024.
  112. ↑ "Charles C. Chapman Building – Charles J. Fisher". Historian for Hire.
  113. ↑ "Chapman Building Historical Marker". Historical Marker Database. Retrieved October 19, 2024.
  114. ↑ Lord, Rosemary (2002). Los Angeles: Then and Now. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN   1-57145-794-1.
  115. ↑ "National Retailers Opening in Once-Dead Downtown LA, Urban Outfitters Coming to 8th and Broadway – Brigham Yen Real Estate". May 3, 2013. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  116. ↑ Alcala, Natalie (December 19, 2013). "Photos! Inside Urban Outfitters' Rialto Theater Treasure Trove". Racked LA.
  117. ↑ Edelen, Amy (June 30, 2016). "Historic theaters gain new life as retail stores". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  118. ↑ "The Platt Building (Anjac Fashion) | Downtown LA". downtownla.com.
  119. ↑ "Ninth and Broadway Building | Los Angeles Conservancy". www.laconservancy.org.
  120. ↑ Netzley, Luke (June 21, 2024). "Iconic DTLA landmark with Banksy artwork to be sold at auction". Los Angeles Downtown News .
  121. ↑ USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences: Los Angeles Hearld-Examiner Building — history & images . accessed 2.6.2014.
  122. ↑ "Store's Architectural Design Modern". Los Angeles Times. July 26, 1936. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  123. ↑ "Hoxton Hotel Debuts in Historic Los Angeles Railway Building". Urbanize LA. October 16, 2019.
  124. ↑ Barragan, Bianca (November 2, 2016). "Exclusive new details on Downtown LA's trendy Proper Hotel". Curbed LA.
  125. ↑ "2nd St/Broadway Station". www.metro.net. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  126. ↑ Hymon, Steve (February 23, 2017). "Actions taken today by the Metro Board of Directors".
  127. ↑ "Regional Connector Transit Project". www.metro.net.
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