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A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes, affecting participants, [1] management, and supporters all to varying degrees.
The intensity of the rivalry can range anywhere from a light hearted banter to serious violence. A rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting, hooliganism, rioting and some instances with career-ending and even fatal consequences. In the "Football War", along with other factors, it was suggested to have been the tipping point in leading to military conflicts.
Owners have been known to encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches. Clubs can reduce fan aggression surrounding rivalry games by acknowledging rather than downplaying the conflict [2] because the rivalry is an integral part of fan identity. [3]
Games between two rivals that are based in areas of close geographical proximity are often known as a local derby, or simply just a derby ( UK: /ˈdɑːrbi/ DAR-bee, US: /ˈdɜːrbi/ DUR-bee); a sporting event between two teams from the same town, city or region. The term is usually connected with association football [4] and the media and supporters will often refer to this fixture as Derby Day. [5]
The term "derby" possibly originated from The Derby, a horse race in England, founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780. The 19th Earl has since claimed the Derby name was originally only given to one other sporting event: Rugby league fixtures between St Helens at one end of the family's Knowsley estate and Wigan at the other. [6]
The other theory as to the name's origin involves Shrovetide football, an early, unofficiated version of both association and rugby football. It was first played in the town of Derby prior to Medieval times. From as early as the 12th century it was known to have been played in Ashbourne. It was a chaotic and exuberant affair that involved the whole town, often resulting in fatalities. The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town, and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook. Nominally the players came from All Saints' and St Peter's parishes, but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players. A Frenchman who observed a match in 1829 wrote in horror, 'if Englishmen call this play, it would be impossible to say what they call fighting'. Shrovetide football is still an annual event in the town of Ashbourne. [7]
Since at least as early as 1840 'derby' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest. [8] Other names for derbies include Clásicos in certain parts of the world and crosstown rivalries in the United States.
Rivalries do not always stem from the sharing of an area. Hostilities can occur for different reasons, such as in the case of El Clásico with tensions between fans with a background of historically cultural and political differences. Frequent meetings in important games between teams can also lead to unpleasantries.
1st party | 2nd party | Discipline(s) | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | Middle-distance running | 1978–1986 | [9] | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 2005–2012 | [10] | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 2006– | [11] | |
![]() | ![]() | Hurdling | 2007–2011 | [12] | |
![]() | ![]() | Marathon | — | — | [13] |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 2012–2017 | [14] [15] | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 2012 | [16] | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 1984–1988 | [17] | |
![]() | ![]() | 200 metres & 400 metres | 2004– | [18] | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 1932–1940 | Testoni–Valla rivalry | [19] |
![]() | ![]() | Hurdling | 1927–1933 | [20] | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 2011– | [21] | |
![]() | ![]() | Marathon | 1995–2000 | [22] | |
![]() | ![]() | Decathlon | – | [23] | |
![]() | ![]() | Long jump | 2007– | [24] | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | 1996–1997 | Bailey–Johnson 150-metre race | [25] [26] |
1st party | 2nd party | Discipline(s) | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | Multi-discipline | 1925– | Finland-Sweden athletics international | |
![]() | ![]() | Sprinting | — | [27] [28] [29] | |
![]() | ![]() | Long-distance running | 1968– | [22] [30] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 2004–2020 | Lee–Lin rivalry |
In Swedish bandy, derby games are often played on Saint Stephen's Day. [31]
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bill Russell | Wilt Chamberlain | 1959–1969 | — | [74] |
Magic Johnson | Larry Bird | 1979–1991 | — | [74] |
Kobe Bryant | Paul Pierce | 2008–2010 | — | |
LeBron James | Stephen Curry | 2015–2018 | Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry | [75] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 1976—1990 | — | [76] |
![]() | ![]() | 2013— | — | [77] [78] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arnold Schwarzenegger | Sergio Oliva | — | [79] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article(s) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 1942–1951 | ||
![]() | ![]() | 1971–1975 | Fight of the Century Ali-Frazier II Thrilla in Manila | [80] |
![]() | ![]() | 1980–1989 | The No Mas Fight | [81] |
![]() | ![]() | 2004–2012 | Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV | |
![]() | ![]() | 2000–2004 | Barrera vs. Morales trilogy Érik Morales vs. Marco Antonio Barrera Érik Morales vs. Marco Antonio Barrera II Érik Morales vs. Marco Antonio Barrera III |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 1930s–2010s | Puerto Rican-Mexican boxing rivalry |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
India | Pakistan | 1947–present | India–Pakistan cricket rivalry | [84] [85] |
Australia | England | 1877–present | The Ashes | [86] |
Australia | New Zealand | 1946–present | Chappell–Hadlee Trophy | [87] |
1st party | 2nd party | Discipline | Timespan | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | Pool | [101] [102] [103] | |
![]() | ![]() | Snooker | 1969–1988 | [104] |
![]() | 1972–1986 | |||
![]() | 1973–1989 | |||
![]() | 1979–1989 | |||
![]() | 1981–2007 | |||
![]() | 1987–2009 | |||
![]() | ![]() | 1986–2010 | ||
![]() | 1993–2011 | |||
![]() | 1995–2012 | |||
![]() | 1994– | |||
![]() | 2002– | |||
![]() | 2005– |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glenn Howard | Kevin Martin | — | [105] | |
Jennifer Jones | Kelly Scott | — | [106] |
1st party (Years active) | 2nd party (Years active) | Timespan | Source |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 1980–1989 | [74] |
![]() | ![]() | 1978–1993 | |
![]() | ![]() | 2006– | [23] [138] [139] [140] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Qiu Bo | Tom Daley | [141] |
1st party | 2nd party | Discipline | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Team SoloMid (TSM) | Cloud9 (C9) | League of Legends | 2013–Present | [142] | |
Alliance | Natus Vincere | Dota 2 | 2013–2016 | [143] [144] | |
FaZe Clan | OpTic Gaming | Call of Duty, Counter-Strike | 2013–present | [145] [146] | |
Samsung Galaxy | SK Telecom T1 | League of Legends | 2014–2018 | [147] [148] | |
SK Gaming | Virtus.pro | Counter-Strike | 2015–2018 | [149] [150] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 1947–present | India–Pakistan field hockey rivalry | [151] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Source |
---|---|---|---|
![]() ![]() | ![]() ![]() | 1992–1994 | [152] |
![]() | ![]() | ?–1994 | [74] |
![]() | ![]() | 2004–2014 | [153] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jerry Rice | Deion Sanders | 1989–1996 | — | [162] |
Tom Brady | Peyton Manning | 2000–2016 | Brady–Manning rivalry | |
Eli Manning | Peyton Manning | 2006–2013 | Manning Bowl |
ONEFA/CONADEIP (National College Association of American Football/National College Sports Commission of Private Institutions) [163]
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hamilton Tiger-Cats | Toronto Argonauts | 1873–present | Harold Ballard Trophy | [166] [167] |
Hamilton Tiger-Cats | Montreal Alouettes/Concordes | 1982–present | Classique | [168] [169] |
Winnipeg Blue Bombers | Saskatchewan Roughriders | 1936–present | Banjo Bowl | [170] |
Edmonton Football Team | Calgary Stampeders | 1949–present | Battle of Alberta | [171] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Source |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | — | [172] |
![]() | ![]() | —present | [173] |
![]() | ![]() | —present |
Lomza Vive Kielce vs. Orlen Wisla Plock
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Seabiscuit | War Admiral | 1938 | [190] |
Affirmed | Alydar | 1978–1979 | [191] |
Sunday Silence | Easy Goer | 1989 | [192] |
Hurricane Fly | Jezki | 2014 | [193] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article(s) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() ![]() | 1954, but especially after 1972, to present | Summit Series 2008 IIHF World Championship Final | [248] |
![]() | ![]() | 1920–present | Canada–United States rivalry | [249] |
![]() | ![]() | 1990–present | Canada–United States women's rivalry | [250] |
![]() | ![]() | 1973–present | Canada–United States junior rivalry | [251] |
![]() | ![]() | 1954, but especially after 1968, to 1993 | 1954 World Ice Hockey Championships | [252] |
![]() | ![]() | 1993–present | 1998 Winter Olympics gold medal game 2010 IIHF World Championship Final | [252] |
![]() | ![]() | 1994–present | Czech Republic–Slovakia rivalry | |
![]() | ![]() | 1932–present | — | [253] [254] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article(s) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 2005–present | Capitals–Penguins rivalry | [255] [256] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cornell | Princeton | 1922–present | Cornell–Princeton lacrosse rivalry | [257] |
Johns Hopkins | Loyola (MD) | 1939–present | Johns Hopkins–Loyola lacrosse rivalry | [258] [259] [260] |
Johns Hopkins | Maryland | 1895–present | Johns Hopkins–Maryland lacrosse rivalry | [261] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | – | – | [262] |
![]() | ![]() | – | – | [263] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 2016– | Dave Leduc vs. Tun Tun Min III | [264] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 2008– | [13] | |
![]() | ![]() | 1964 | [13] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() ![]() | 1990—2000 | [268] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Catherine Destivelle | Lynn Hill | 1985—1990 | [342] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australian Netball Diamonds | New Zealand Silver Ferns | 1963–, especially 1996–present | [343] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brisbane Broncos | North Queensland Cowboys | 1995 to present | Queensland derby | [344] |
Brisbane Broncos | Gold Coast Titans | 2007 to present | South East Queensland derby | [345] |
Canberra Raiders | Wests Tigers | 1989 to present | [346] | |
Canterbury Bankstown Bulldogs | Parramatta Eels | 1970s to present | [347] | |
Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles | Wests Tigers | 1970s to present | [348] | |
Melbourne Storm | St George Illawarra Dragons | 1999 to present | [349] | |
Melbourne Storm | Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles | 2007 to present | Manly–Melbourne NRL rivalry | [350] |
Melbourne Storm | Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks | 2016 to present | [351] | |
Melbourne Storm | Brisbane Broncos | 2003 to present | [352] | |
Newcastle Knights | Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles | 1988 to present | [353] | |
South Sydney Rabbitohs | Sydney Roosters | 1908 to present | Ron Coote Cup | [354] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Queensland Maroons | New South Wales Blues | First Rivalry Era 1908 to 1979, Modern Rivalry Era 1980 to present | [355] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | New Zealand | 1908 to present | Australia vs New Zealand in rugby league | [356] |
Australia | Great Britain / England | 1908 to present | Australia–England rugby league rivalry | [357] |
New Zealand | Great Britain / England | 1895 to present | [358] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Paul Gallen | Nate Myles | — | [359] | |
Tohu Harris | Sonny Bill Williams | — | [359] | |
Sam Burgess | James Graham | — | [359] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Derby name | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
CASI | SIC | 1935–present | El clasico de San Isidro | |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Derby name | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stag San José | Universitarios Rugby Club | 1980s–present | Superclasico | |
Universitarios Rugby Club | Liceo CR Waikalas | 2000s–present | Student Derby |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Derby name | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Racing 92 | Stade Français | 1892–present | Paris derby | [360] |
Stade Français | Stade Toulousain | 1903–present | French Derby or Le derby des Stades | [361] |
Bayonne | Biarritz | Basque derby | [362] | |
Brive | Clermont | Massif Central derby | [363] | |
Perpignan | Béziers | Derby du Languedoc-Roussillon | [364] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leinster | Munster | 1875–present | History of rugby union matches between Leinster and Munster | [365] |
University College Dublin | Dublin University | 1919–present | The Colours Match | [366] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Derby name | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Benetton | Zebre | 2012–present | Italian derby | [367] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Derby name | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
VRAC | Rugby El Salvador | 1988–present | Derbi vallisoletano | |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Derby name | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blues | Crusaders | 1996–present | El Clasico of New Zealand Rugby | ||
Blues | Chiefs | 1996–present | Battle of the Bombays | ||
Blues | Hurricanes | 1996–present | |||
Crusaders | Highlanders | 1996–present | Southern Derby | ||
Hurricanes | Crusaders | 1996–present | |||
Auckland | Canterbury | ||||
Auckland | North Harbour | Battle of the Bridge | |||
Auckland | Counties Manukau | Battle of the Bombays Part two | |||
Auckland | Waikato | Battle of the Bombays | |||
Canterbury | Tasman | Crusaders Derby | |||
Canterbury | Otago | ||||
Otago | Southland | Southern Derby |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 1921 to present | History of rugby union matches between New Zealand and South Africa | [368] |
![]() | ![]() | 1903 to present | History of rugby union matches between Australia and New Zealand Bledisloe Cup | [368] |
![]() | ![]() | 1905 to present | History of rugby union matches between New Zealand and Wales | [369] |
![]() | ![]() | 1881 to present | History of rugby union matches between England and Wales | [368] |
![]() | ![]() | 1906 to present | History of rugby union matches between England and France | [368] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alinghi | BMW Oracle Racing | −2010 | 2010 America's Cup | [370] |
Ben Ainslie | Jonas Høgh-Christensen | −2012 | [371] [372] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [373] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [374] |
![]() | ![]() | −2014 | — | [375] [376] |
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [377] |
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [378] |
![]() | ![]() | 2001–2006 | — | [379] [380] |
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [381] |
![]() | ![]() | 1992–1998 | — | [382] |
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [383] |
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [384] |
![]() | ![]() | 2015–2019 | — | [385] [386] |
![]() | ![]() | 2017– | — | [387] [388] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | — | — | [389] |
![]() | ![]() | — | — | [389] |
![]() | ![]() | 2017—2020 | — | [390] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [391] |
![]() | ![]() | – | — | [392] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 2002–2008 | — | [393] |
![]() | ![]() | 2001–2011 | — | [393] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 2002–2010 | [399] | |
![]() | ![]() | — | [399] |
1st party | 2nd party | Timespan | Article | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | ![]() | 2012–present | [400] [401] | |
![]() | ![]() | 2004–2016 | [402] | |
![]() | ![]() | 1996 | [13] | |
![]() | ![]() | 2001– | [403] | |
![]() | ![]() | 2008 | [13] | |
![]() | ![]() | 1976 | [13] | |
![]() ![]() | ![]() | 2008–present | [404] | |
![]() | ![]() | 2008–2012 | [405] [406] [407] | |
![]() | ![]() | 2014– | [408] | |
![]() | ![]() | 2012, 2014– | [409] |
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