List of rampage killers in the United States

For rampage killers in the Americas, see List of rampage killers in the Americas.

This is a list of mass or spree killers in the United States. A mass murderer is typically defined as someone who kills three or more people in one incident, with no "cooling off" period, not including themselves. ^{[1] [2]} A mass murder typically occurs in a single location where one or more persons kill several others. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

Specific notable subtypes of mass murder, including politically motivated crimes, workplace killings, school attacks and familicides, have their own lists.

This list does not include serial killers, members of democidal governments, or major political figures who orchestrated such actions.

List of rampage killers

Perpetrator	Date	Year	Location	State	Killed	Injured	Weapons Used	Fate	Ref.
González, Julio, 35	March 25	1990	New York City	New York	87	6	A	Died in prison
Paddock, Stephen, 64	Oct. 1	2017	Paradise	Nevada	60	413+	F	Committed suicide Two of the victims died in 2019 and 2020; attributed to this event	[6] [7]
Doty, Thomas G., 34	May 22	1962	Unionville	Missouri	44	0	V E	Killed by the explosion
Gilbert Graham, Jack, 23 [n 1]	Nov. 1	1955	Longmont	Colorado	44	0	V E	Sentenced to death and executed
Gonzales, Francisco, 27	May 7	1964	Danville	California	43	0	F V	Committed suicide	[8]
Burke, David, 35	Dec. 7	1987	San Luis Obispo	California	42	0	F V	Committed suicide or died in the crash	[9]
Unknown	Jun. 24	1973	New Orleans	Louisiana	32	15	A	Unsolved	[10]
Kelley, Devin, 26 [n 1]	Nov. 5	2017	Sutherland Springs	Texas	25	22	F	Committed suicide Terminated a pregnancy	[11]
Hennard, George, 35	Oct. 16	1991	Killeen	Texas	23	27	F V	Committed suicide	[12]
Huberty, James, 41	July 18	1984	San Diego	California	21	19	F	Killed by police Terminated a pregnancy	[13] [14]
McNamara, James B., 28	Oct. 1	1910	Los Angeles	California	21	100+	E	Died in prison
Card, Robert, 40	Oct. 25	2023	Lewiston	Maine	18	13	F	Committed suicide	[15] [16] [17]
Carver, James, 20	July 4	1984	Beverly	Massachusetts	15	11	A	Sentenced to two life sentences at the Massachusetts Correctional Institution-Cedar Junction
Jabbar, Shamsud-Din, 42	Jan. 1	2025	New Orleans	Louisiana	14	57	FV	Killed by police in a shootout	[18]
Hasan, Nidal Malik, 39	Nov. 5	2009	Fort Hood	Texas	13	32	F	Sentenced to death	[19]
Wong, Jiverly, 41	April 3	2009	Binghamton	New York	13	4	F	Committed suicide	[20]
Unruh, Howard, 28	Sept. 6	1949	Camden	New Jersey	13	3	F	Found mentally unfit to stand trial Died in an institution in 2009	[21]
Holmes, James, 24	July 20	2012	Aurora	Colorado	12	62	F E	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[22]
Beard, Roy Jennings, 57	July 7	1975	Portland	Oregon	12	26	A	Charged and arrested
Álvarez, Juan Manuel, 25	Jan. 26	2005	Los Angeles	California	11	177	V	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[23]
Tran, Huu Can, 72	Jan. 21	2023	Monterey Park	California	11	9	F	Committed suicide	[24]
Pough, James, 42	June 17/18	1990	Jacksonville	Florida	11	6	F V	Committed suicide Killed a man on May 8, 1971	[25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
Long, Ian, 28	Nov. 7	2018	Thousand Oaks	California	11	1	FM	Committed suicide One more died by stray police gunfire	[30] [31]
McLendon, Michael, 28 [n 2]	March 10	2009	Kinston, Samson & Geneva	Alabama	10	6	F A	Committed suicide Also killed four dogs	[32]
Muhammad, John, 41 Malvo, Lee, 17	Oct. 2–22	2002	Aspen Hill, Glenmont, Rockville, Norbeck, Kensington & Bowie Takoma Prince William County, Spotsylvania County & Fairfax County	Maryland Washington, D.C. Virginia	10	3	F	Muhammad sentenced to death and executed Malvo sentenced to life imprisonment	[33] [34]
Starkweather, Charles, 19 Fugate, Caril Ann, 14 [n 1]	Jan. 21–29	1958	Lincoln & Bennet Douglas	Nebraska Wyoming	10	0	FM	Starkweather sentenced to death and executed Fugate sentenced to life imprisonment and paroled in 1976 Also killed two dogs Starkweather killed a man on November 30, 1957	[34]
Mullin, Herbert, 25	Jan. 25 / Feb. 10–13	1973	Santa Cruz County	California	10	0	FM	Sentenced to life imprisonment Killed three people in 1972	[35] [36]
Al-Issa, Ahmad, 21	March 22	2021	Boulder	Colorado	10	0	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[37]
Twigg, Gilbert, 35	Aug. 13	1903	Winfield	Kansas	9	25	F	Committed suicide	[38] [39] [40]
Bertucci, Clarence, 23 [n 3]	July 8	1945	Salina	Utah	9	19	F	Found not guilty by reason of insanity	[41]
Betts, Connor, 24 [n 1]	Aug. 4	2019	Dayton	Ohio	9	17	F	Killed by police	[42] [43] [44] [45]
Silka, Michael, 25	April 28 / May 17–19	1984	Fairbanks & Manley Hot Springs	Alaska	9	1	F	Killed by police Terminated a pregnancy	[46]
Cooksey Jr., Cleophus, 35 (accused) [n 1]	Nov. 27 / Dec. 2/13–17	2017	Phoenix	Arizona	9	0	F	Arrested and charged	[47]
Jones, Walter, 20 Jones, William, 18	Sept. 28	1913	Harriston	Mississippi	8+	14+	F	Both killed by angry mob William killed a man in 1909	[48]
Saipov, Sayfullo Habibullaevic, 29 (Саипов, Сайфулло Хабибуллаевич)	Oct. 31	2017	New York City	New York	8	11	V	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[49]
Ferri, Gian, 55	July 1	1993	San Francisco	California	8	6	F	Committed suicide	[50]
Hawkins, Robert, 19	Dec. 5	2007	Omaha	Nebraska	8	4	F	Committed suicide	[51] [52]
Collins, Melvin, 38	Nov. 6	1948	Chester	Pennsylvania	8	3	F	Committed suicide	[53]
Kamenoff, Peter Dumas, 42 Muller, Ralph Smith, 33	Dec. 10	1958	Los Angeles	California	8	3	E	Killed while committing the suicide bombing.	[54] [55] [56]
Brown, Carl, 51	Aug. 20	1982	Miami	Florida	8	3	F	Killed	[57]
Stewart, Robert, 45	March 29	2009	Carthage	North Carolina	8	2	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[58] [59]
Dekraai, Scott, 54	Oct. 12	2011	Seal Beach	California	8	1	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[60]
Long, Robert, 21	March 16	2021	Atlanta & Acworth	Georgia	8	1	F	Arrested	[60]
Nance, Romeo, 23	Jan. 21	2024	Joliet	Illinois	8	1	F	Committed suicide	[61]
Sheley, Nicholas, 28	June 23–30	2008	Sterling, Rock Falls & Galesburg Festus	Illinois Missouri	8	0	M	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[62]
Speight, Christopher	Jan. 19	2010	Virginia	Virginia	8	0	F	Sentenced to 5 life terms plus 18 years.	[19]
Cline, Philip Bruce, 23	Feb. 10	1981	Winchester	Nevada	8	350+	A	Sentenced to life in prison without parole
Crimo III, Robert, 21	July 4	2022	Highland Park	Illinois	7	48	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[63]
Phillips, Monroe, 58	March 6	1915	Brunswick	Georgia	7	30+	F	Killed	[64]
Ator, Seth, 36	Aug. 31	2019	Odessa Midland	Texas	7	25	F	Killed by police	[65] [66]
Ford, Priscilla Joyce, 51	Nov. 27	1980	Reno	Nevada	7	22	V	Died while awaiting execution	[67]
Everette, Eugene, 32 [n 1]	03.28 March 28/29	1970	New York City	New York	7	15	F A	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[68]
Bonner, William, 25	April 22	1973	Los Angeles	California	7	9	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[69]
Ashbrook, Larry, 47	Sept. 15	1999	Fort Worth	Texas	7	7	F	Committed suicide	[70]
Ratzmann, Terry, 44	March 12	2005	Brookfield	Wisconsin	7	4	F	Committed suicide	[71]
Collins, Darnell, 33	June 17–21	1995	Atlantic City New York City	New Jersey New York	7	3	F	Killed by police	[72]
One Goh, 44	April 2	2012	East Oakland	California	7	3	F	Surrendered to police	[73]
Chang, Gung Ung	July 18/19	1898	Oakland	California	7	2	FME	Killed by the explosion	[74]
Reynolds, William, 35	April 6	1902	Tuscumbia	Alabama	7	2	F	Killed by police Also killed several horses	[75]
Pearson, Eric, 56	March 16	1968	Ironwood	Michigan	7	2	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[76]
Hardesty, William, 21 [n 1]	10.03 Oct. 3/4/18/19	1978	Ypsilanti	California Michigan	7	2	FM	Sentenced to life imprisonment Also killed a cat	[77] Loc: Spree; Occ: ---; W: ---; Rel: Parents
Dantzler, Rodrick, 34 [n 1]	July 7	2011	Grand Rapids	Michigan	7	2	F	Committed suicide	[78]
David, Rachal, 39 [n 4] [n 5]	Aug. 3	1978	Salt Lake City	Utah	7	0	M	Committed suicide	[79]
Jumper, Jim [n 1]	Feb. 14	1889	Okeechobee	Florida	6+	1	F	Killed	[80]
Brooks, Darrell Edward, 39	Nov. 21	2021	Waukesha	Wisconsin	6	62	V	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[81]
Igrić, Damir, 29	Oct. 3	2001	Manchester	Tennessee	6	33	MV	Died in the crash	[82]
Rodger, Elliot, 22	May 23	2014	Isla Vista	California	6	14	FMV	Committed suicide	[83]
Marcelino, Julian, 30	Nov. 24	1932	Seattle	Washington	6	13	M	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[84]
Loughner, Jared, 22	Jan. 8	2011	Casas Adobes	Arizona	6	13	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[85] [86] [87] [88]
Cruse, William, 59	April 23	1987	Palm Bay	Florida	6	10	F	Sentenced to death, died in prison	[89]
Gully [n 1]	Aug. 29	1910	Willow Patch	Nevada	6	7	F	Killed	[90]
Young, Harry, 27–28 Young, Jennings, 35–36	Jan. 2	1932	Brookline	Missouri	6	3	F	Each killed the other Harry killed a man in 1929	[91]
Crump, Wiley, 67	Sept. 21	1967	Philipp	Mississippi	6	3	F A	Killed by a posse	[92]
James, Shane, 34 (accused)	Dec. 4/5	2023	Austin Bexar County	Texas	6	3	F	Arrested	[93]
Henry, DeWitt Charles, 26	July 23	1977	Klamath Falls	Oregon	6	2	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment Terminated a pregnancy	[94]
Laura Taylor, 16 Marvallous Keene, 19 DeMarcus Maurice Smith, 17 Heather Nicole Matthews, 20	Dec. 24–26	1992	Dayton	Ohio	6	2	F	Keene executed in 2009; the rest were sentenced to life	[95]
Drake, Lynwood, 43	Nov. 7/8	1992	Morro Bay, Paso Robles & San Miguel	California	6	2	FM	Committed suicide	[96]
Vang, Chai Soua, 36	Nov. 21	2004	Birchwood	Wisconsin	6	2	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[97]
Huff, Kyle, 28	March 25	2006	Seattle	Washington	6	2	F	Committed suicide	[98] [99] [100] [101]
Zamora, Isaac Lee, 28	Sept. 2	2008	Alger	Washington	6	2	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[102] [103]
Dalton, Jason, 45	Feb. 20	2016	Kalamazoo County	Michigan	6	2	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[104] [105] [106] [107]
Belachheb, Abdelkrim, 39	June 29	1984	Dallas	Texas	6	1	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment Died in prison in 2017	[108]
Peterson, Tyler, 20 [n 3]	Oct. 7	2007	Crandon	Wisconsin	6	1	F	Committed suicide	[109]
Thornton, Charles, 52	Feb. 7	2008	Kirkwood	Missouri	6	1	F	Killed by police	[110] [111]
Crum, Richard, 52 (accused)	Feb. 17	2023	Arkabutla	Mississippi	6	1	F	Arrested	[112]
Unknown	Sept. 17	1911	Colorado Springs	Colorado	6	0	M	Unsolved Possibly connected to the Villisca axe murders	[113]
Goins, John, 49 [n 1]	March 18	1926	Stockton & Galt	California	6	0	F	Committed suicide	[114]
Swinney, Frank, 28	04.15 April 15–18	1970	Wichita Indianapolis	Kansas Indiana	6	0.1 0	FMA	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[115]
Benoist, Emile, 20	Aug. 26	1977	Hackettstown	New Jersey	6	0	F	Committed suicide	[116]
Stewart, Raymond, 29	Jan. 27–Feb. 2	1981	Rockford Beloit	Illinois Wisconsin	6	0	F	Sentenced to death and executed	[117]
Moreno, Eliseo, 24 [n 1]	Oct. 11	1983	College Station & Hempstead	Texas	6	0	F	Sentenced to death and executed	[118]
Stewart, Howard, 37 [n 1]	Sept. 16/22	1987	Lebanon Corsicana	Missouri Texas	6	0	F	Committed suicide Also killed two dogs	[119]
Leonard, Eric, 22	Feb. 12/19	1991	Sacramento	California	6	0	F	Sentenced to death	[120]
Vargas, Pedro, 42	July 26/27	2013	Hialeah	Florida	6	0	F A	Killed by police	[121]
Jones, Dwight, 56	May 31–June 3	2018	Scottsdale & Fountain Hills	Arizona	6	0	F	Committed suicide	[122]
Moore, Lawrence, 25	May 7	1981	Salem	Oregon	5	18	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment One of the victims died in 2013; attributed to this event	[123]
Harris, Will, 29	Nov. 1	1906	Asheville	North Carolina	5	12	F	Killed by angry mob	[124]
Neal, Kevin, 44 [n 1]	Nov. 13/14	2017	Rancho Tehama	California	5	11	F	Committed suicide	[125]
King, Alvin, 45	June 22	1980	Daingerfield	Texas	5	10	F	Committed suicide while awaiting trial	[126] [127] [128] [129]
George, Leroy Valentino, 21	July 10	1999	Baton Rouge	Louisiana	5	6	V	Convicted	[130]
Klink, Herman, 40	March 6	1933	Cleveland	Ohio	5	6	F	Killed by police	[131]
Santiago-Ruiz, Esteban, 26	Jan. 6	2017	Broward County	Florida	5	6	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[132]
Cooper, Simon	Jan. 1/7	1897	Magnolia & Lynchburg	South Carolina	5	5	FM	Killed by police Suspect in the Woolfolk-murders	[133]
Pickett Jr., Charles, 50	June 7	2016	Kalamazoo	Michigan	5	4	V	Sentenced to 40 years in prison
Chvarak, Barry, 21	February 3	1980	El Paso	Texas	5	3	F	Sentenced to life in prison	[134] [135]
Ramos, Jarrod Warren, 38	June 28	2018	Annapolis	Maryland	5	3		Sentenced to life imprisonment	[73]
Neumann Jr., John Robert	June 5	2017	Orlando	Florida	5	0		Died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound	[73]
Attias, David, 18	Feb. 23	2001	Isla Vista	California	5	0	V	Sentenced to up to 60 years at the Patton State Hospital since he was found to be legally insane; conditionally released in 2012
Chambers, Adacia Avery, 25	Oct. 24	2015	Stillwater	Oklahoma	4	46	V	Sentenced to life imprisonment
Mellberg, Dean, 20	June 20	1994	Fairchild Air Force Base	Washington	4	22	F	Killed by police Terminated a pregnancy	[136]
Owens, Rashad Charjuan, 21	March 12	2014	Austin	Texas	4	21	V	Sentenced to life imprisonment
Kulak, Frank J., 41	April 7–14	1969	Chicago	Illinois	4	21	F E	Found mentally unfit to stand trial	[137]
Decker, Newt, 35	Nov. 15	1908	Okmulgee	Oklahoma	4	9	FM	Killed by police Also killed a horse	[138]
Posey, Travis, 44 (accused)	June 21	2024	Fordyce	Arkansas	4	9	F	Arrested	[139]
Pullen, Joe, 40	Dec. 14	1923	Drew	Mississippi	4	8	F	Killed by angry mob	[140]
McLeod, Harvey Glenn, 22	May 29	1972	Raleigh	North Carolina	4	7	F	Committed suicide	[141]
Sencion, Eduardo, 32	Sept. 6	2011	Carson City	Nevada	4	7	F	Committed suicide
Gelman, Maksim, 23	Feb. 11-12	2011	New York City		4	5	MV	Sentenced to 200 years in prison	[142]
Gale, Nathan, 25	Dec. 8	2004	Columbus	Ohio	4	3	F	Killed by police	[143]
Garvey, Chase 21	July 6	2024	Florence	Kentucky	4	3	F	Committed suicide
Reinking, Travis	March 22	2018	Antioch	Tennessee	4	2	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[73]
Kabolowsky, Robert, 20	July 10	1980	Wantagh	New York	3	20	V	Found not guilty by reason of insanity	[144]
Cornell, William	July 18	1863	Austin	Nevada	3	18–20	M	Committed suicide or killed	[145]
Pearson, Moses, 30–31	April 25	1976	Jacksonville Cordele, Pinehurst, Perry & Jackson	Florida Georgia	3	13	F	Committed suicide Suspected of 6 other murders	[146]
Ressa, Stephen Michael, 27	Sept. 21	2005	Las Vegas	Nevada	3	11	V	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[147]
Sledge, Aaron	08.15 Aug. 15/17	1903	Randolph County	Alabama	3	10–11	F		[148]
Clark, Michael, 16	April 25	1965	Santa Maria	California	3	10	F	Committed suicide	[149]
Aranda, Bennie, 26	Dec. 28	1937	Oakland	California	3	9	FM	Sentenced to death, later changed to life imprisonment	[150]
Mozingo, Douglas, 29	Oct. 1	1982	Sacramento	California	3	9	F	Committed suicide while awaiting trial	[151] [152]
Sodini, George, 48	Aug. 4	2009	Bridgeville	Pennsylvania	3	9	F	Committed suicide	[153]
Hamilton, Jason, 36 [n 1]	May 19/20	2007	Moscow	Idaho	3	2	F	Committed suicide	[154]
Sapirman, Jonathan Douglas	July 17	2022	Greenwood Park Mall, Greenwood	Indiana	3	2	F	Killed by a bystander	[155]
Acosta, Abel, 13	Dec. 26	2021	Garland	Texas	3	1	F	Currently wanted by the FBI	[156] [157]
Lanphear, Ronald Eugene, 29 Geisinger, Diana	July 9–14	1978	Norton Guadalupe County San Bernardino [158]	Kansas New Mexico California	3	0	F	Lanphear sentenced to life in prison without parole [159] [160]	[161]
Brosnahan, John, 67 [n 4]	Dec. 9	2011	Cambridge	Massachusetts	3	0	F	Committed suicide	[162]
Unknown	Nov. 18	2024	New York City	New York	3	0	M	Arrested	[163]
Attebury, Ira, 64	Apr. 27	1979	San Antonio	Texas	2	55	F	Committed suicide

Home intruders

	Perpetrator	Date	Year	Location	State	Killed	Injured	W	Additional Notes	Ref.
1.	Leung Ying, 29	August 22	1928	Fairfield	California	11	0	FM	Sentenced to death Committed suicide while awaiting execution Possibly killed 3 people years earlier	[164]
2.	Thomas, Christopher, 34 [n 5]	April 15	1984	New York City	New York	10	0	F	Sentenced to 83 to 250 years in prison Terminated a pregnancy Released from prison in 2018	[165]
3.	Unknown [n 4] [n 5]	May 14	1906	Milton	Florida	9	0	MA	Unsolved Possibly connected to the Villisca axe murders	[166]
4.	Cummins, Michael Lee, 25	April 17/27	2019	Sumner County	Tennessee	9	0	M	Sentenced to life imprisonment The sole survivor died in 2022; attributed to this event	[167]
5.	Unknown [n 4] [n 5]	September 13	1878	Hockley	Texas	8	1	FMA	Unsolved	[168]
6.	Hight, Spencer James, 32 [n 4] [n 5]	September 10	2017	Plano	Texas	8	1	F	Killed by police	[169]
7.	Unknown [n 5]	June 10	1912	Villisca	Iowa	8	0	M	Unsolved Possibly connected to 18 other murders	[170]
8.	Layer, Henry [n 5]	April 22	1920	Turtle Lake	North Dakota	8	0	FM	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[171]
9.	Speck, Richard Franklin, 24 [n 5]	July 14	1966	Chicago	Illinois	8	0	M	Sentenced to death Later changed to 400 to 1200 years in prison
10.	Wagner, George William Wagner, George (accused) Wagner, Edward Jacob [n 4]	April 22	2016	Pike County	Ohio	8	0	F	Arrested and charged George William Wagner sentenced to life imprisonment Edward Jacob Wagner sentenced to life imprisonment
11.	Unknown	November 20	1965	Sunbury	Pennsylvania	7	7	F A	Unsolved	[172]
12.	Nelson, Martin, 24	May 5	1885	Bonito City	New Mexico	7	1	F	Killed	[173]
13.	James Little Plume, 24 [n 1]	October 11	1903	Two Medicine	Montana	7	1	FM	Sentenced to 40 years in prison	[174]
14.	Carlton, Julian, 30	August 15	1914	Spring Green	Wisconsin	7	1	MA	Died while awaiting trial	[175]
15.	Rovansek, Cyril J., 31 [n 1]	November 4	1973	Cleveland	Ohio	7	1	F	Committed suicide	[176]
16.	Abeyta, Ricky, 28	January 26	1991	Chimayo	New Mexico	7	1	F	Sentenced to 146 years in prison	[177]
17.	Hance, Michael E., 51	August 7	2011	Copley Township	Ohio	7	1	F	Killed by police	[178]
18.	Unknown	April 20	1928	El Dorado	Kansas	7	0	F A	Unsolved	[179]
19.	Bessie Reece [n 4] [n 5]	October 25	1967	Arcadia	Florida	7	0	P	Never prosecuted; the father of the victims, James Joseph Richardson was wrongfully convicted	[180]
20.	Freeman, John Gilbert, 41 [n 4] [n 5]	September 3	1971	Phoenix	Arizona	7	0	F	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[181]
21.	Workman, William, 43 [n 1]	June 26	1973	Palos Hills	Illinois	7	0	F	Sentenced to 100 to 300 years in prison; died in prison in 1981 Terminated a pregnancy	[182]
22.	Moss, Adam Matthew, 23	August 30	2001	Sioux City	Iowa	7	0	M	Sentenced to life imprisonment Committed suicide in 2013	[183]
23.	Brooks, Darrell L., 22 [n 4] [n 5]	October 16	2002	Baltimore	Maryland	7	0	A	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[184]
24.	Legg, John Michael, 20 (accused) Rogers, Frederic Allen, 23 (accused)	June 4	2020	Valhermoso Springs	Alabama	7	0	F A	Both arrested and charged Also killed a dog	[185]
25.	Unknown	September 8	2020	Aguanga	California	7	0	F	Unsolved	[186]
26.	Mohawk, Samuel	July 1	1843	Slippery Rock	Pennsylvania	6	2	M	Sentenced to death and executed	[187]
27.	Baumberger, Albert F., 22 [n 4] [n 5]	July 7	1893	Cando	North Dakota	6	1	FM	Sentenced to death and executed	[188]
28.	Davis, Arthur James, 26 [n 5]	August 26	1966	New Haven	Connecticut	6	1	F	Sentenced to death Later changed to life Also killed two dogs	[189]
29.	Marks, Cyrano, 39 [n 4] [n 5]	July 12	1999	Atlanta	Georgia	6	1	F	Committed suicide	[190]
30.	James, Llewelyn, 16 [n 1]	February 4/5	2002	Winslow Township & Lindenwold	New Jersey	6	1	FM	Sentenced to 315 years in prison	[191]
31.	Jones, Thomas [n 4] [n 5]	March 21/22	1900	Garner	North Carolina	6	0	MA	Sentenced to death and executed	[192]
32.	Batson, Albert Edward, 20 [n 4]	February 13	1902	Welsh	Louisiana	6	0	FM	Sentenced to death and executed	[193]
33.	Davis, Walter Chesley, 48 [n 5]	May 7	1907	San Francisco	California	6	0	F	Found not guilty by reason of insanity	[194]
34.	Miller, Alex [n 4] [n 5]	December 21	1919	Gilcrest	Colorado	6	0	F	Arrested	[195]
35.	Bannon, Charles, 22 [n 4] [n 5]	February	1930	Schafer	North Dakota	6	0	M	Killed by angry mob	[196]
36.	Cook, William Edward, 22	January 2–5	1951	Joplin Ogilby	Missouri California	6	0	F	Sentenced to death and executed Also killed a dog
37.	Unknown [n 4] [n 5]	June 25	1968	Good Hart	Michigan	6	0	FM	Unsolved
38.	Simants, Erwin Charles, 29 [n 4] [n 5]	October 19	1975	Sutherland	Nebraska	6	0	F	Sentenced to death Later, found not guilty by reason of insanity	[197]
39.	White, Sarah Isabel, 18 [n 4] [n 5]	December 31	1975	Greenwood	Indiana	6	0	A	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[198]
40.	Geschwendt, George, 24 [n 5]	March 12	1976	Trevose	Pennsylvania	6	0	F	Sentenced to death Also killed a dog	[199]
41.	Carter, Robert Earl, 26	August 18	1992	Somerville	Texas	6	0	FMA	Sentenced to death and executed	[200]
42.	Concepcion, Ramon, 28 [n 5]	May 2/3	1993	New York City	New York	6	0	MA	Sentenced to 42½ years to life in prison	[201]
43.	Harris, Westley Devon, 22 [n 4] [n 5]	August 26	2002	Rutledge	Alabama	6	0	F	Sentenced to death	[202]
44.	Lewis, Lamont Merritt, Robert	August 26	2003	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania	6	0	E	Both sentenced to life imprisonment Also killed a dog	[203]
45.	Strong, Preston Alton, 39	June 24	2005	Yuma	Arizona	6	0	FM	Sentenced to death Also killed a man in 2007	[204]
46.	Devoe, Paul Gilbert, 43	August 24/27	2007	Marble Falls & Jonestown State Line	Texas Pennsylvania	6	0	F	Sentenced to death	[205]
47.	Anderson, Michele Kristen, 29 [n 1] McEnroe, Joseph Thomas, 29 [n 5]	December 24	2007	Carnation	Washington	6	0	F	Both sentenced to life imprisonment
48.	Hudson, William Mitchell, 33	November 14	2015	Palestine	Texas	6	0	FM	Sentenced to death	[206]
49.	Adams, Phillip, 32	April 7	2021	Rock Hill	South Carolina	6	0	F	Committed suicide	[207]
50.	Macias, Teodoro, 28 [n 5]	May 9	2021	Colorado Springs	Colorado	6	0	F	Committed suicide	[208]
51.	Fenniel, Shad, 31	July 3	1914	Branchville	Texas	5	5	FM	Killed by police	[209]
52.	Soto, Christian Ivan, 22 (suspect)	March 27	2024	Rockford	Illinois	4	7	M	Arrested
53.	Rader, Dennis Lynn, 28	January 15	1974	Wichita, Kansas	Kansas	4	0	M	Arrested Killed six other people	[210]
54.	Djerf, Richard Kenneth, 23	September 14	1993	Phoenix	Arizona	4	0	FM	Sentenced to death
55.	Vang, Nengmy, 45	March 22	2017	Wausau	Wisconsin	4	0		Killed by police	[73]
56.	Kohberger, Bryan Christopher, 27	November 13	2022	Moscow	Idaho	4	0	M	Sentenced to life imprisonment	[211]

See also

• List of mass shootings in the United States

Abbreviations and footnotes

1. At least one of the victims was a relative of the assailant.
2. At least five of the victims were relatives of the assailant.
3. Assailant was a member of the military, police, or a comparable force at the time of the rampage.
4. All the victims were members of the same family.
5. All the victims were killed in the same household.

W – A basic description of the weapons used in the murders

F – Firearms and other ranged weapons, especially rifles and handguns, but also bows and crossbows, grenade launchers, flamethrowers, or slingshots

M – Melee weapons, like knives, swords, spears, machetes, axes, clubs, rods, stones, or bare hands

O – Any other weapons, such as bombs, hand grenades, Molotov cocktails, poison and poisonous gas, as well as vehicle and arson attacks

A – indicates that an arson attack was the only other weapon used

V – indicates that a vehicle was the only other weapon used

E – indicates that explosives of any sort were the only other weapon used

P – indicates that an anaesthetising or deadly substance of any kind was the only other weapon used (includes poisonous gas)

References

1. Duwe, Grant (2007). Mass Murder in the United States. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 15. ISBN   978-0-7864-3150-2.
2. Aggrawal, A. (2005). "Mass Murder". In Payne-James JJ; Byard RW; Corey TS; Henderson C (eds.). Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine (PDF). Vol. 3. Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN   978-0-12-547970-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
3. "Serial Murder – Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigators" (PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
4. Krouse, William J.; Richardson, Daniel J. (July 30, 2015). Mass Murder with Firearms: Incidents and Victims, 1999–2013 (PDF) (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 26.
5. Booty, Marisa; O’Dwyer, Jayne; Webster, Daniel; McCourt, Alex; Crifasi, Cassandra (2019). "Describing a "mass shooting": the role of databases in understanding burden". Injury Epidemiology. 6 (47): 47. doi: 10.1186/s40621-019-0226-7 . PMC   6889601 . PMID   31828004.
6. Lacanlale, Rio (August 24, 2020). "California woman declared 59th victim of 2017 massacre in Las Vegas". The Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
7. Lacanlale, Rio (September 17, 2020). "Las Vegas woman becomes 60th victim of October 2017 mass shooting". The Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
8. "The Crash of Pacific Air Lines Flight #773". Check-Six.com. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
9. "PSA Flight 1771 Memorial Cache". Geocaching. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
10. Wells, Carlie Kollath (June 23, 2023). "LGBT+ community in New Orleans seeks police apology for deadly Up Stairs Lounge fire 50 years later". Axios. Retrieved June 14, 2025.
11. Ahmed, Saeed (November 6, 2017). "2 of the 5 deadliest mass shootings in modern US history happened in the last 35 days". CNN. Archived from the original on November 6, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
12. Stone, Michael H.; Brucato, Gary (2019). The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime. Amherst, New York: Prometheus. pp. 44–45.
13. Mass Murderers . True Crime. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books. 1993. ISBN   978-0783500041 . Retrieved December 3, 2015. huberty.
14. Holguin, Richard (November 16, 1986). "Police Snipers Get Only One Chance to Be on the Mark". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
15. Lenthang, Marlene; Romero, Dennis (October 28, 2023). "Maine shootings: Timeline of the fatal Lewiston attacks". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
16. Borter, Gabriella (October 28, 2023). "Maine shooting suspect found dead in cargo trailer, motive still a mystery". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 29, 2023. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
17. "At least 18 killed in mass shooting in US state of Maine". Al Jazeera . Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
18. "New Orleans attack updates: Suspect identified as Army veteran, did not act alone". ABC News. January 1, 2024. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
19. Here's a look at rampage killings that have occurred in the United States since the 1940s Retrieved 6 June 2024
20. Fernandez, Manny; Hernandez, Javier (April 5, 2009). "Binghamton Victims Shared a Dream of Living Better Lives". The New York Times . Retrieved April 6, 2009.
21. "Suspect in historic mass murder dies at 88". CNN . Archived from the original on October 23, 2009. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
22. "Colo. shooting suspect James Holmes' apartment booby trapped, police say". CBS News. July 20, 2012. Archived from the original on July 21, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
23. Farhi, Paul; Edds, Kimberly (March 16, 2005). "Blood on the Tracks". The Washington Post . ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved May 12, 2018.
24. "Lunar New Year massacre: 11th victim dies from injuries in Monterey Park mass shooting". FOX 11. January 22, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
25. Florida Gunman Kills 8 And Wounds 6 in Office, The New York Times (June 19, 1990)
26. Hazy Records Helped Florida Gunman Buy Arms, The New York Times (June 20, 1990)
27. 911 tapes reveal workers' terror, The Gainesville Sun (June 20, 1990)
28. Police still seek motive in massacre, The Gainesville Sun (June 21, 1990)
29. Manselsberg, Rose G. (ed.): Mass Murderers: From the Files of True Detective Magazine; Pinnacle, 1993 (p. 163-180). ISBN   978-1-55817-777-2
30. "Thousand Oaks: Las Vegas shooting survivor among dead". BBC. November 9, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
31. Cooper, Jonathan J. (November 10, 2018). "Gunman who killed 12 died from self-inflicted gunshot". Associated Press. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
32. "Ala. gunman's bullets found relatives, strangers". NBC News . March 11, 2009. Archived from the original on August 24, 2017.
33. Rule, Ann (2004). Kiss Me, Kill Me: Ann Rule's Crime Files. Simon and Schuster. p. 224. ISBN   978-0-671-69139-4 . Retrieved October 22, 2010.
34. Hanzlicek, C.G. (October 1, 1967). Newman, Charles (ed.). "Five for Charles Starkweather, murderer". TriQuarterly . 10 (2). Evanston, Illinois, United States of America: Northwestern University Press: 60. ISSN   0041-3097. OCLC   889376903 . Retrieved September 8, 2021– via ProQuest.
35. Scott, Shirley Lynn (October 21, 2012). "Herb Mullin — Mentally Ill, but Sane? — Crime Library on truTV.com". truTV. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
36. "CALIFORNIAN GUILTY IN 10 MURDER CASES". The New York Times. August 20, 1973. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
37. • Cardi, Julia (April 15, 2022). "Accused shooter in Boulder massacre remains incompetent; next hearing set for July". The Denver Gazette . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
    • Gorman, Steve (October 6, 2023). "Suspect in Colorado supermarket shooting declared mentally fit for trial". Reuters .
    • Vaughan, Kevin (January 8, 2024). "State seeks extension to complete sanity evaluation of man who killed 10 at King Soopers". 9News . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
    • "2021CR497 People of the State of Colorado v. Ahmad Al Aliwi Alissa". Colorado Judicial Branch.
38. Multiple sources:
    • Sarah Weinman (August 24, 2016). "The Winfield Massacre". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Sarah Weinman (August 25, 2016). "The Winfield Massacre: Part 2 Who was Gilbert Twigg?". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Sarah Weinman (August 26, 2016). "The Winfield Massacre: Part 3 Nichols knew all not right". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Sarah Weinman (August 29, 2016). "The Winfield Massacre: Part 4 The nightmare commences". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Sarah Weinman (August 30, 2016). "The Winfield Massacre: Part 5 Did Twigg take his own life?". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Sarah Weinman (August 31, 2016). "The Winfield Massacre: Part 6". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Sarah Weinman (September 2016). "The Winfield Massacre: Part 7 What did Twigg teach us?". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "14th & 16th Cowley Sheriff". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. September 21, 2019. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Ceremony to mark anniversary of Winfield tragedy". The Cowley Courier Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas. August 28, 2003. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
39. Multiple sources:
    • "1903 The Camon Band Massacre". Cowley County Historical Society Museum. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Murder in Winfield in 1903". Winfield Courier. August 14, 1903. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Cowley County Historical Society Museum.
    • "Camon Military Band, Winfield Kansas". Cowley County Historical Society Museum. Archived from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Weinman, Sarah (March 25, 2016). "How A Forgotten 1903 Killing Spree Became America's First Modern Mass Shooting". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Krajicek, David J. (June 19, 2016). "Kan. shooter who killed 9 in 1903 sent message to future gunmen". New York Daily News . Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
40. Dickey, Christopher (April 24, 2003). "Shadowland: Beware Long Occupations". Newsweek . Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
41. • "Midnight Massacre". Time . July 23, 1945. Archived from the original on May 4, 2008.
    • "Salina War Prison Guard Insane, Say Army Officials" . Deseret News . Vol. 339, no. 41. August 17, 1945. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
42. Sewell, Dan; Seewer, John (August 13, 2019). "Ohio Shooter Hit 26 People in Half a Minute". KNTV . Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
43. Murphy, Paul; Toropin, Konstantin; Griffin, Drew; Bronstein, Scott; Levenson, Eric (August 7, 2019). "Dayton shooter had an obsession with violence and mass shootings, police say". CNN. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
44. Doubek, James; Romo, Vanessa (August 4, 2019). "Police Identify Suspected Dayton, Ohio, Shooter; 9 Dead, 27 Injured". NPR . Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
45. Kottasova, Ivana (August 4, 2019). "What we know about the Dayton shooting". CNN . Archived from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
46. • "Firefight at Manley". Tactical Life. December 10, 2010. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012.
    • "RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Pat Thomas Gedcom". Archived from the original on August 23, 2017.^{[ user-generated source ]}
    • "Neighbors pray for drifter's seven victims". The Prescott Courier . May 21, 1984. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • "Residents of small town recall "weirdo" linked to nine murders". Ocala Star-Banner . May 21, 1984. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • "Divers seek bodies in muddy river". Wilmington Morning Star . May 22, 1984. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
47. "Serial killer behind 9 slayings in Phoenix area, police say". CNN . January 18, 2018. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
48. • "Crazed mulattos kill 8, injure 20". Lake Benton Valley News . October 1, 1913.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
    • "Twelve killed in affray". The Christian Science Monitor . September 30, 1913. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013.
    • "Carnage at Harriston; 8 Dead and 14 Wounded". Fayette Chronicle . October 3, 1913. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016.
    • "10 dead, 20 hurt in a race riot". The New York Times . September 29, 1913. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
    • "Reign of terror – Drink-crazed Negroes Run Amok". Poverty Bay Herald . November 15, 1913. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015 – via Papers Past.
49. Mueller, Benjamin; Rashbaum, William K.; Baker, Al (October 31, 2017). "Terror Attack Kills 8 and Injures 11 in Manhattan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
50. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 19, 2005. Retrieved April 29, 2006.
51. "Omaha Mall, Scene Of Mass Killing, Reopens". CBS News. December 8, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2007.
52. "Omaha's Deadliest Hour: 19-year-old man kills eight and himself at Westroads Mall". Omaha World Herald. December 5, 2007. Archived from the original on May 30, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
53. • "Berserk gunman kills seven and then ends his life". St. Petersburg Times . November 7, 1948. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
    • 8 dead in gun battle, Chester Times (November 6, 1948)
    • 'Numbers' racket angle in massacre denied by police, Chester Times (November 8, 1948)
    • Market Square Slayer a 'Good Boy', Dad Says, Chester Times (January 18, 1949)
    • "CRIME: The End of Bad Boy Collins". TIME . November 15, 1948. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Tragedies: Market Street Massacre". Oldchesterpa.com. November 6, 1948. Archived from the original on February 24, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Ramsland, Katherine M. (January 30, 2005). Inside the Minds of Mass Murderers: Why They Kill. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN   978-0275984755. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
54. "2 BLAMED IN BOMBING AS DEATHS RISE TO 10— Tape Recordings at Scene Point to Pair; Sect Leader a Victim", Los Angeles Times, December 11, 1958, p. 1
55. Philip Jenkins (2000). Mystics and Messiahs: Cults and New Religions in American History . Oxford University Press. pp.  167–. ISBN   978-0-19-802933-5.
56. The Los Angeles Times reported on Dec. 11, 1958: The two ex-cultists were linked to the blast by bizarre tape recordings in which they vowed "to bring Krishna to justice". Ten people died in the explosion including Krishna Venta, Cardinal Gene, the two bombers, a seven-year-old girl and an eleven-month-old infant. Venta was identified by his dental plate. After waiting for his resurrection, Sister Ruth eventually had Venta buried at Valhalla Memorial Park, in North Hollywood.

    The Fountain of the World Monastery in a wooded canyon near Chatsworth was ripped apart early yesterday by a heavy explosion which instantly killed the bearded leader of the cult, Krishna Venta, and seven of his followers. The explosion blew the roof from an adjoining dormitory for children and touched off a brush fire that swept over 150 acres. The fire completed the destruction of the monastery and dormitory.

57. "No charges planned against Miami man who shot gunman". The New York Times . UPI. August 24, 1982. p. A14.
58. "Town's lone officer subdued N.C. nursing home shooter" Archived April 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine , The State (March 31, 2009)
59. "Warrants: NC man said he doesn't remember rampage", The News Courier (April 7, 2009)
60. Emery, Sean (May 15, 2022). "Mass and spree shootings and attacks in Orange County over the years". The Orange County Register . Retrieved June 22, 2023.
61. "Suspect in killings of 8 people in Chicago area has died in Texas, police say". CNN. January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
62. Byers, Christine. "Killer of 8 drops to knees to apologize for bi-state murder spree, but families of victims scoff". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
63. "7th Person Dies Day After Highland Park Parade Mass Shooting". NBC Chicago . July 5, 2022. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
64. • Hobbs, Larry (August 4, 2018). "Nothing nostalgic about Brunswick's 1915 mass shooting downtown". The Brunswick News . Brunswick, Georgia. Archived from the original on June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
    • "The Brunswick Massacre". American Handgunner. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Monroe Phillips & The Brunswick Massacre; Glynn County, Georgia". Glynngen.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "The". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
65. Aubrey, Allison (September 2, 2019). "Texas Gunman Who Killed 7 Had Been Fired Just Hours Before Shootings". NPR. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
66. "Mass shooting in Texas leaves at least 7 dead, 24 wounded in Odessa and Midland". CBS News. September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
67. "Woman on death row awaits fate". LasVegasSun.com. CARSON CITY, NV. January 31, 1998. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
68. Multiple sources:
    • McCardell, Michael; Danyluk, Harry (March 30, 1970). "Charge He Slew Wife & Burned 4 to Death" . The Daily News. Vol. 51, no. 238. New York. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
    • "Arsonist Sought in Death of 4". Times-Union. Albany, NY. March 30, 1970.
    • "Man Sought In Shooting, Fire Deaths". The Daily Press. Utica, NY: Gannett News. March 30, 1970. p. 5.
    • "Police arrest wanted man" . Tonawanda News . North Tonawanda, New York. UPI. March 31, 1970 – via fultonhistory.com.
    • "Under Arrest" . Pittsburgh Courier . April 11, 1970. p. 1 – via fultonhistory.com.
    • "Police seek Brooklynite in killing". Spartanburg Herald-Journal . Spartanburg, South Carolina. March 30, 1970. p. 17. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • Perlmutter, Emanuel (March 30, 1970). "Woman Murdered, 4 Killed in Fire" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Man Sought Here Seized In Boston" . The New York Times . April 1, 1970. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
69. Full probe of mass slaying suspect ordered, Press-Telegram (April 25, 1973)
70. "Church gunman kills 7, self, in Texas". CNN . September 16, 1999. Archived from the original on January 5, 2002. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
71. Dorfman, Dan (March 13, 2005). "Gunman Kills 7 in Wisconsin Church Group". NYTimes Online. The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
72. • Kleinfield, N. R. (June 22, 1995). "A trail of murder: The overview". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • Goldberg, Carey (June 22, 1995). "A trail of murder: The victims". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • Hanley, Robert (June 23, 1995). "A trail of murder: The overview". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • Goldberg, Carey (June 23, 1995). "A trail of murder: The victims". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
73. Here's a look at rampage killings that have occurred in the United States since the 1940s Retrieved 2 June 2024
74. • "Wild Chinese Gun". Los Angeles Times . July 20, 1898. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013.
    • "Another account". Los Angeles Times . July 20, 1898. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013.
    • "A fugitive's crime". North Otago Times . September 24, 1898. Archived from the original on November 1, 2015 – via Papers Past.
    • Six blown to eternity, Oakland Tribune , July 19, 1898
    • "Holds the magazine". Los Angeles Herald . July 19, 1898. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013.
    • "An awful suicide". Los Angeles Herald . July 20, 1898. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013.
    • "The Melrose Inquest". Los Angeles Herald . July 22, 1898. Archived from the original on January 14, 2013.
75. • "Desperado kills three". The New York Times . April 7, 1902. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
    • "Three died from wounds". The New York Times . April 8, 1902. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
    • "Three of the Wounded Dead". The Hartford Courant . April 8, 1902. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013.
    • Negro slays white men, The Racine Journal (April 8, 1902)
    • "'Colbert's worst tragedy' occurred 70 years ago". TimesDaily . Florence, Alabama. June 24, 1971. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • "Charles Gassaway". Officer Down Memorial Page . Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
76. • "7 Slain, 3 Wounded in Michigan". The New York Times . March 18, 1968. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019.
    • "Woodcutter shoots, kills 6". St. Petersburg Times . March 18, 1968. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022.
    • "Michigan rifleman kills 7 in shooting rampage". Toledo Blade . March 18, 1968.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
    • "Woodsman kills seven". The Bryan Times . March 18, 1968. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022.
    • Pearson conviction upheld, Ironwood Daily Globe , Ironwood, Michigan (June 4, 1970)
    • Michigan (September 21, 2016). "Love of guns a key factor in northern Michigan's high suicide rate". mlive.com. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "1968 Press Photo Ironwood Michigan, Eric Pearson is led into courthouse | #1904895848". Worthpoint.com. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Seven Dead, Two Wounded In Saturday Night Shooting Spree". The Wakefield News. Wakefield, Kansas. March 21, 1968. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
    • "1968 Press Photo Eric Pearson led into Ironwood Court by sheriff's deputy". eBay. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
77. • "'Terrible Kid's Spree' Leaves Trail of Death". The Argus Press . Owosso, Michigan. October 20, 1978. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • Saltzman, Amy (October 20, 1978). "5 dead in Ypsi shooting spree". The Michigan Daily . Ann Arbor, Michigan. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • "Police question Ypsi gunman who killed 5". Ludington Daily News . Ludington, Michigan. Associated Press. October 21, 1978. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • Roseborough, Kevin (October 21, 1978). "Ypsi shooting suspect off critical list; psychiatric history cited". The Michigan Daily . Ann Arbor, Michigan. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • "Hardesty". Ludington Daily News . Ludington, Michigan. Associated Press. December 1, 1978. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • Roseborough, Kevin (November 4, 1978). "Shooting suspect stands mute at hearing". The Michigan Daily . Ann Arbor, Michigan. p. 10. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • "State rules Hardesty sane; can stand trial". Ludington Daily News . Ludington, Michigan. Associated Press. February 23, 1979. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • "Hardesty 'Unfit to Stand Trial'". The Argus Press . Owosso, Michigan. Associated Press. December 1, 1978. p. 3. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • "Accused Killer Wants Trial in Another Place". The Argus Press . Owosso, Michigan. Associated Press. June 9, 1979. p. 5. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • "Hardesty to stand trial". Ludington Daily News . Ludington, Michigan. Associated Press. August 23, 1979. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • "7-Hour Shooting Spree Leaves 4 Dead, 2 Hurt". Sarasota Herald-Tribune . Sarasota, Florida. Associated Press. October 20, 1978. p. 9. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News archive.
    • "Belleville Man is Wanted in California Death". The Argus Press . Owosso, Michigan. Associated Press. December 22, 1980. p. 26. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Google News Archivsuche.
    • ^[ dead link ]
    • "Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS) - Offender Profile". Mdocweb.state.mi.us. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • People V. Hardesty (November 19, 1984). "PEOPLE v. HARDESTY | 139 Mich. App. 124 (1984) | happ1241246". Leagle.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Hardesty sentenced once more". Marshall Evening Chronicle. Marshall, Michigan. November 18, 1981. p. 6. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020– via newspaperarchive.com.
    • "Wounded". Ironwood Daily Globe. Ironwood, Michigan. October 19, 1978. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020– via newspaperarchive.com.
    • "Michigan Shooting Spree". ABC Evening News . October 19, 1978. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022– via Vanderbilt Television News Archive.
    • "As mass shootings in America continue, we asked 12 mass killers: 'What would have stopped you?'". British GQ . September 12, 2018. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
78. Bunkley, Nick (July 7, 2011). "Michigan Man Suspected in 7 Deaths Kills Himself During Hostage Standoff" . The New York Times . Retrieved July 8, 2011.
79. Scott, Hannah; Fleming, Katie (December 20, 2013). "The Female Family Annihilator: An Exploratory Study" . Homicide Studies . 18 (1). Sage Publishing: 68. doi:10.1177/1088767913513152. ISSN   1088-7679.
80. • "Victims of an insane Indian". The New York Times . March 3, 1889. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019.
    • "A crazy Indian runs amuck". The Quebec Saturday Budget . March 9, 1889. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • "A crazy Indian runs amuck" (PDF). New York Herald . March 3, 1889. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2015 – via fultonhistory.com.
    • "Short News – Jim, a young Seminole". Stanford Semi-Weekly Interior Journal . March 5, 1889. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.
81. • "At least 1 dead, more than 20 injured after SUV drives through Waukesha Holiday Parade". CBS 58 .
    • Glauber, Bill; Spicuzza, Mary; Beck, Molly; Staral, Kaylee; et al. "A car plowed through the Waukesha Christmas Parade and more than 20 people are injured, authorities say". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel .
    • "At least 20 injured when SUV drives into Waukesha holiday parade". WISN-TV . November 22, 2021.
82. Rimer, Sara (October 4, 2001). "6 Killed in Greyhound Crash in Tennessee After Passenger Slits Driver's Throat". New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
83. Ellis, Ralph; Sidner, Sara (May 24, 2014). "Deadly California rampage: Chilling video, but no match for reality". CNN. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
84. • "Mad Filipino kills six with bolo in Seattle". The New York Times . Associated Press. November 25, 1932. Archived from the original on February 13, 2019.
    • "Filipino who slew six lays frenzy to theft". The New York Times . November 26, 1932. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.
    • "Crime-of-the-Week". Time . December 5, 1932. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010.
    • "Seattle Filipino who killed six". Spokane Daily Chronicle . November 28, 1932. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • "Life term given – Washington Filipino". The Southeast Missourian'. April 19, 1933. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
85. "Arizona Congresswoman Giffords shot; doctors 'optimistic' about recovery chances". The Arizona Republic. January 8, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
86. "Police 'actively pursuing' second person in Tucson shooting". CNN. January 8, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2011.
87. "Criminal Complaint Against Jared Lee Loughner". The New York Times .
88. Couric, Katie (January 10, 2011). "Strangers Linked by Tragedy in Tucson Rampage". CBS News. Archived from the original on February 9, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
89. • "Service and sacrifice: Colleagues remember Palm Bay police officers killed in 1987 mass shooting". Florida Today . April 23, 2018. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Photos: 1987 William Cruse mass shooting in Palm Bay". Florida Today . Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Colarossi, Anthony (December 1, 2009). "Killer of 6 in Palm Bay dies before execution". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Cruse v. State". Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
    • "Allstate Ins. V. Cruse, 734 F. Supp. 1574 (M.D. Fla. 1989)". Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
    • "WILLIAM BRYAN CRUSE, JR., Appellant, vs. STATE OF FLORIDA, Appellee" (PDF). Supreme Court of Florida. October 24, 1991. No. 74,656. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 13, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Crawford, Craig; Leusner, Jim (April 25, 1987). "Gunman: I don't remember 'real loner' finally went over edge". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Holton, Sean; Roy, Roger (April 26, 1987). "Palm Bay mourns rampage victims fate cast the roles in tragedy". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Leusner, Jim; Roy, Roger (April 28, 1987). "Death weapon added to arsenal month ago". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Sellers, Laurin (January 16, 1988). "Judge rules Cruse fit to stand trial". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Lafferty, Michael (March 14, 1989). "Mental state at heart of Cruse trial". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Lafferty, Michael (March 21, 1989). "'He was very nice to me,' hostage says of time with Cruse". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Cruse jury must decide: life in prison or the chair". Orlando Sentinel . April 17, 1989. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Lafferty, Michael (April 18, 1989). "Witnesses describe a sad but strange cruse". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Bumpus-hooper, Lynne; Sellers, Laurin (July 29, 1989). "Cruse's killings bring life, death sentences". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Bill Wood (April 24, 1987). "Police and military troops stormed a teargas-filled supermarket Friday..." UPI Archives. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • Bater, Jeff (April 25, 1987). "Investigators today searched for clues to what triggered a..." UPI Archives. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Gunman preoccupied with sexual allegations, report say". UPI Archives. May 1, 1987. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
    • "Palm Bay awaits justice a year after massacre". UPI Archives. April 24, 1988. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
    • "Former librarian sentenced to death in shooting spree". UPI Archives. July 29, 1989. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
    • "Gunman a Former Librarian, Father Shot up Prosecutor's House, Report Says". Associated Press . Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
    • "Ex-Hostage Says Gunman Was Disturbed That Others Thought Him Homosexual". Associated Press . Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
    • "Shopping Center Killer Gets Two Death Sentences". Associated Press . Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
    • Preston, Julia (April 25, 1987). "Floridian charged with 6 shopping-mall murders". The Washington Post . Washington, D.C. ISSN   0190-8286. OCLC   1330888409. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
    • "6 Dead and 14 Hurt in Rampage : Florida Shooting Suspect 'Meanest Man on Block'". Los Angeles Times . April 25, 1987. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
    • Hirsley, Michael (April 26, 1987). "Shooting suspect's neighbors detail rage". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
90. • "Chief slays six of tribe". Los Angeles Times . September 2, 1910. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013.
    • Family is wiped out by Indian, Reno Evening Gazette (September 1, 1910)
    • "Six slain, seven wounded by Indian". The San Francisco Call . September 2, 1910. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012.
91. • "Think slayers of six Ozark men trapped". Regina Leader-Post . Regina, Saskatchewan. January 4, 1932. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • "Man hunt is on for slayers of Ozark officers". St. Joseph News-Press . St. Joseph, Missouri. January 4, 1932. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
    • Davis, Bruce (2005). We're Dead, Come on in. Pelican Publishing. ISBN   978-1-58980-326-8.
92. He Kills 6, Then Is Slain By Posse, St. Petersburg Times (September 21, 1967)
    – Berserk Man Burns House Then Kills 6, The Cushing Citizen (September 21, 1967)
    – Berserk Man Slays Six, Eureka Humboldt Standard (September 23, 1967)
    – Berserk Negro Slays 6, Wounds 3, The Nevada Daily Mail (September 22, 1961)
93. Vertuno, Jim; Coronado, Acacia (December 6, 2023). "Texas man charged with capital murder after 6 dead and 3 wounded in wide trail of separate attacks". whnt.com. The Associated Press. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
94. • "Six shot to death outside nightclub". Eugene Register-Guard . Eugene, Oregon. July 24, 1977. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
    • "Charges pending in deaths of 6 persons". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. July 24, 1977. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
    • "Oregon gunman arraigned amid threats on his life". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. July 26, 1977. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
    • Ulrich, Roberta (December 19, 1979). "Klamath Falls slayer handed six life sentences". The Bulletin . Bend, Oregon. UPI. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
    • "Roseburg shootings trigger mass murder memories in Klamath Falls". KOBI . Medford, Oregon. October 6, 2015. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
    • "State's worst mass murder in KF 25 years ago". Herald and News . Klamath Falls, Oregon. July 23, 2002. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022.
95. "27 years after Christmas murder spree: 'It will never be forgotten'".
96. Gunman Kills 6 Then Himself in California, The New York Times (November 9, 1992)
97. • "Vang pleads not guilty in hunter shootings". St. Paul Pioneer Press . Saint Paul, Minnesota. December 30, 2004. Archived from the original on August 19, 2018 – via NewsBank.
98. Benjamin J. Romano, Melissa Moore, 14, remembered as loving and generous Archived July 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine , Seattle Times, March 28, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2006.
99. Brad Wong, Justin Schwartz, 22: Ravers remember his 'uplifting spirit' Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine , Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 26, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2006.
100. David Postman and Warren Cornwall, Justin Schwartz remembered: "He was just a warm, energetic, fun-loving person" Archived July 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine , Seattle Times, March 28, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2006.
101. Sushi Archived April 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine on MySpace
102. "Sheriff's deputy, five others killed in rural Washington state". Twin Cities. September 2, 2008. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
103. Frosch, Dan (September 3, 2008). "Man Charged With Killing Six in Washington State". The New York Times . Retrieved December 4, 2023.
104. "Raw: Video Shows Arrest of Kalamazoo Shooter". YouTube. Associated Press. March 14, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
105. Koops, Chris [@chriskoops] (February 20, 2016). "Pics just in: possibly the Chevy HHR that the suspect was driving in Kalamazoo shootings. @FOX17" (Tweet). Retrieved February 20, 2016– via Twitter.
106. Kalamazoo Department of Public Safety (February 21, 2016). "Please be cautious and advise us if you know or..." Facebook (Facebook post). Retrieved February 21, 2016.
107. Welch, Chris; Young, Ryan (February 26, 2016). "How officers caught the Kalamazoo shooting suspect". CNN. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
108. • "Six shot to death in Dallas club". The Philadelphia Inquirer . June 30, 1984. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018 – via NewsBank.
     • "Mass murderer sentenced". The Wichita Eagle . November 16, 1984. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018 – via NewsBank.
     • "6 die in Dallas club as enraged man fires wildly". The New York Times . June 30, 1984. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018.
     • "Man accused of Dallas slayings had a long overseas crime record". The Gainesville Sun . August 6, 1984. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • "Belachheb v. State". 699 S.W.2d 709 (1985). Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022– via leagle.com.
     • "[News Clip: Belachheb Patrol]". June 29, 2004. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
109. Shooter killed after Wisconsin gun rampage, Telegraph.
110. "6 dead in shooting rampage at Kirkwood City Council". St. Louis Post Dispatch. February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
111. "Former Kirkwood Mayor Mike Swoboda dies". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. September 6, 2008. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
112. Habeshian, Sareen (February 18, 2023). "6 dead in Mississippi town shooting, suspect arrested". Axios. Archived from the original on February 18, 2023. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
113. "Slays six persons in near-by houses". The New York Times . September 21, 1911. Archived from the original on February 13, 2019.
114. • "Stockton Slayer Listed Victims in Notebook". The New York Times . March 20, 1926. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018.
     • "Californian kills 6; ends life in auto as pursuers fire". The New York Times . March 19, 1926. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018.
     • "Six are killed by demented Stockton man". The Gridley Herald . March 20, 1926. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • "Jealousy crazed man slew six; killed in gun battle". Evening Independent . March 19, 1926. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • "Slayer of six ends chase by shooting self". The Reading Eagle . March 19, 1926. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • "Killed six". The Crawfordsville Review . Crawfordsville, Indiana. May 11, 1926. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • Fitzgerald, Michael (October 31, 2008). "Man discovers murder spree began at his home". The Record . Stockton, California. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
115. • Laviana, Hurst (March 28, 2010). "Bobby Stout: A life of stopping crime". The Wichita Eagle . Wichita, Kansas. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
     • Anderson, William E. (April 26, 1970). "Kansas Police Capture Swinney After Hot Chase". The Indianapolis Star . Indianapolis, Indiana on. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2019– via newspapers.com.
116. • "Sniper Slays 6 in Jersey And Then Takes Own Life". The New York Times . August 27, 1977. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018.
     • "Police Feel Sniper Killed 6 at Random". The New York Times . August 28, 1977. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
     • "Quarrels at Home Cited as Cause in Jersey Shootings". The New York Times . August 29, 1977. p. 24. Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
     • "Suspect in Jersey Sniper Killings Had Extensive Psychiatric Record". The New York Times . August 30, 1977. p. 28. Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
     • "Ex-marine kills six in random shooting spree". Boca Raton News . Boca Raton, Florida. August 28, 1977. p. 2A. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Argument over car insurance may have triggered killing of six". Eugene Register-Guard . Eugene, Oregon. August 30, 1977. p. 5B. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
117. Zorn, Eric; Quintanilla, Ray (September 18, 1996). "Ray Stewart Executed for Killing Spree". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
118. • "Texan who killed 6 in 1983 is executed by lethal injection". The New York Times . March 5, 1987. p. 9. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • "Five killed in shooting spree". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. October 13, 1983. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Two testify Moreno violent after drinking". The Victoria Advocate . Victoria, Texas. Associated Press. February 8, 1984. p. 6A. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • Texan is executed for killing six, The New York Times (March 4, 1987) ^{[ dead link ]}
119. • "Gunman kills 3, himself". Mohave Daily Miner . September 23, 1987. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Gunman kills 3 and self". The Bryan Times . Bryan, Ohio. September 23, 1987. p. 8. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Man called "Rambo" goes on fatal shooting spree". Spokane Chronicle . Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. September 23, 1987. p. A8. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • "Possible Link in Texas, Missouri shootings". The Ledger . Lakeland, Florida. September 24, 1987. p. A. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Rambo' kills three, then shoots himself dead". Wilmington Morning Star . Wilmington, North Carolina. Associated Press. September 23, 1987. p. 2A. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
120. • Vos, Kimberly; Hines, Randy (September 20, 2007). The Sacramento Thrill Killer, Eric Royce Leonard, the Third Tuesday. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN   9781434810588. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
     • Egelko, Bob (May 17, 2007). "Death sentence upheld for Sacramento 'Thrill Killer'". San Francisco Chronicle . Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
     • Chrystal, Chris. "Thrill killer' motive sought". UPI . Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
     • "State v. Leonard, 3". Casetext Search + Citator. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
     • "Supreme Court of California: The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Eric Royce LEONARD, Defendant and Appellant". FindLaw's Supreme Court of California case and opinions. No. S054291. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
     • "17-796 - (DP)(HC) Leonard v. Davis". Govinfo. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
121. "Police: Gunman in Fla. standoff lived in building". Yahoo! News . July 27, 2013. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
122. Ryman, Anne; Garcia, Uriel J. (June 4, 2018). "Six people killed by Scottsdale murder suspect, police say". The Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona. Archived from the original on July 23, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
123. • "Quiet gunman kills 4, wounds 19 in Oregon". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Associated Press. May 9, 1981. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • Church, Jim (May 8, 1981). "Gunman kills four, wounds 20 in Oregon tavern". The Evening Independent . St. Petersburg, Florida. Associated Press. p. 13A. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Gunman kills 4, wounds 19 in Salem". Eugene Register-Guard . Eugene, Oregon. May 8, 1981. pp. 1A, 3A. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • Dickie, Lance (June 16, 2006). "Unsettled by the horror of unfathomable violence". The Seattle Times . Archived from the original on July 15, 2012.
124. • "A negro desperado kills five and wounds twelve people". Hawera & Normanby Star . Taranaki, New Zealand. Associated Press. November 17, 1906. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015 – via Papers Past.
     • "Negro kills five men". The New York Times . November 15, 1906. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
     • Mitchell, Ted (2006). Thomas Wolfe: an illustrated biography. Pegasus Books. p. 42. ISBN   9781933648101.^{[ dead link ]}
     • "Officer James William Bailey". Officer Down Memorial Page . Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • "Officer Charles Robert Blackstock". Officer Down Memorial Page . Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • Calder, Thomas (November 15, 2016). "Tuesday History: The Will Harris murders, part I". Mountain Xpress . Asheville, North Carolina. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • Calder, Thomas (November 22, 2016). "Tuesday History: The Will Harris murders, part II". Mountain Xpress . Asheville, North Carolina. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • Calder, Thomas (November 29, 2016). "Tuesday History: The murder of Will Harris, part III". Mountain Xpress . Asheville, North Carolina. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • Calder, Thomas (December 6, 2016). "Tuesday History: The unclaimed body of Will Harris, part IV". Mountain Xpress . Asheville, North Carolina. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • "1906 Will Harris Murders, Asheville, NC". ashevilleparanormalsociety.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • Krajicek, David J. (June 7, 2008). "Deadly Drunken Rampage". New York Daily News . Archived from the original on March 1, 2021.
     • "Race, Truth, and Fiction in Thomas Wolfe's 'The Child by Tiger'". The Urban News. November 14, 2012. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • Terrell, Bob (December 1996). The Will Harris Murders. WorldComm. ISBN   9781566641074. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • Milling, Marla Hardee (2018). Wicked Asheville. History Press. ISBN   9781467138802. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
     • "Thomas Wolfe, Child by Tiger.PDF". Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
125. Espino (November 15, 2017). "California shooting victims' families turn to GoFundMe for help". USA Today . Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
126. Ex-teacher accused of killing 5 hangs self, Star-News (January 20, 1982)
127. "This Is War!", Time (July 7, 1980)
128. Five die in church shooting, Spokane Daily Chronicle (June 23, 1980)
129. Blood of the Lamb, Texas Monthly (March 1983)
130. Man accepts life sentence for plowing into BR crowd, The Baton Rouge Advocate (April 13, 2002) Jurors miss the point on truth, testimony, The Baton Rouge Advocate (September 20, 2001)
131. • "Maniac kills two, shoots ten". The New York Times . March 7, 1933. p. 32. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018.
     • "Patrolman Herman Pahler". The Greater Cleveland Peace Officers Memorial Society. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011.
     • "Two are killed by crazed man". The Evening Independent . St. Petersburg, Florida. March 7, 1933. p. Five-A. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Five die from maniac attack on pedestrians". The Deseret News . Salt Lake City, Utah. March 8, 1933. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • Five now dead from gun of insane man at Cleveland, The Sandusky Star-Journal (March 7, 1933)
     • Death toll in shooting now stands at 6, The Elyra Chronicle-Telegram (March 8, 1933)
     • Madman's bullets claim 6th victim, The Sandusky Register (March 9, 1933)
     • "Pahler, Patrolman Herman". The Greater Cleveland Peace Officers Memorial Society. April 15, 2014. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
     • "Heroes Roll Call: Patrolman Herman B. Pahler, #177". Cleveland Police Museum. March 20, 2020.
     • "Herman B Pahler". names.lawmemorial.org. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
132. • Bartsch, Ronald I.C. 2018 (June 27, 2018). International Aviation Law: A Practical Guide (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 365. ISBN   978-0-203-71298-6. LCCN   2018001991.
     • "Esteban Santiago-Ruiz Sentenced to Life in Prison in Connection with Shooting at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport" (Press release). U.S. Attorney's Office, Southern District of Florida. August 17, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
133. • "Five murders in one day". The New York Times . January 8, 1897. p. 7. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
     • "Killed by the deputies". The New York Times . January 9, 1897. p. 3. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
134. Long, Trish (February 11, 2020). "Starburst Lounge mass shooting killed five in 1987 in El Paso bar". El Paso Times.
135. "A Story of Mass Violence". kxan.com.
136. • Harris, Bonnie; Walter, Jess (June 21, 1994). "Ousted airman killed his psychologist". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (July 10, 1994). "Fairchild gunman lost 'family'". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (August 13, 1994). "Error kept Fairchild gunman in uniform". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (May 18, 1995). "Lawmakers Seek Mellberg Investigation Bipartisan Group Wants to Know Why Air Force Had Released Fairchild Gunman Without Treatment". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (May 21, 1995). "Fighting Anger, Seeking Answers Fairchild Shootings Leave Wife of Slain Psychiatrist Campaigning for Change". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (June 8, 1995). "Killer's Violent Threats Detailed Stories Undermine Contention Fairchild Rampage Predictable". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (June 8, 1995). "Officers Ignored Mellberg's Troubles Report Finds Commanders Repeatedly Overruled Fairchild Gunman's Doctors, Instructors". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (November 17, 1997). "Military Rethinks Discharge Massacre at Fairchild by Disturbed Airman Behind New Way to Handle 'Dangerous' Cases". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Looking back: Fairchild shootings". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. June 17, 2010. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "In one week 20 years ago, Fairchild Air Force Base saw its darkest hours". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. June 15, 2014. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Worst week: Fairchild Air Force Base". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. June 15, 2014. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (June 24, 2019) [June 23, 2019]. "A week of tragedies tested Fairchild Air Force Base and Spokane 25 years ago". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (June 20, 2010). "A hero's recovery". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Camden, Jim (December 28, 2010). "Haunted by rampage, man reaches out online". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Glover, Jonathan (November 6, 2016). "Andy Brown's new book helped him deal the with impact on his life of a long-ago shooting at Fairchild Air Force Base". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Pan, Deanna (June 20, 1994). "Not One More". Inlander . Spokane, Washington. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Fairchild Air Force Base commemorates deadly shooting 25 years later". MontanaRightNow.com. June 20, 2019. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Sigman v. United States, 208 F.3d 760 (9th Cir. 2000)". aw.justia.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "10 Minutes of Terror - Story of the 1994 Mass Shooting in Washington State - Short Film". Vimeo . Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Department of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations Report of Investigation: Murder of Five; and Attempted Murder of 22 Plus". Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL). October 20, 1994. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Spokane County Sheriff's Office: Report of Investigation" (PDF). fairchildhospitalshooting.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Photo 108077: United States Uniformed Services identification of Dean A. Mellberg". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. June 17, 2010. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Teacher: Mellberg was a loner". UPI . June 21, 1994. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • Broom, Jack (June 21, 1994). "Mother of Dead Gunman Links His Troubles to Rumors". The Seattle Times . Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "FAIRCHILD AIR BASE: Newspaper: Military doctors repeatedly recommended airman's discharge". Kitsap Sun . Bremerton, Washington. October 3, 1994. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
     • "Settlement reached in 1994 air base shootings". Kitsap Sun . Bremerton, Washington. Associated Press. August 14, 2001. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
137. • "'War-Hating' Sniper Kills 2 in Chicago". The Pittsburgh Press . UPI. April 15, 1969. p. 8. Archived from the original on November 1, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2019– via Google News Archivsuche.
     • "Court rules Frank Kulak incompetent to stand trial". The Southeast Missourian . Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Associated Press. February 28, 1970. p. 4. Archived from the original on November 1, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2019– via Google News Archivsuche.
     • "Sniper Kulak Admits 6 Bombings". Chicago Tribune . p. 3. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2019– via Newspapers.com.
     • "Sergeant James Robert Schaffer". Chicago Police Memorial Foundation. Star #824. Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
     • "Detective Jerome Adolph Stubig". Chicago Police Memorial Foundation. Star #9127. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
     • Mount, Charles (October 1, 1986). "Court Orders Release of Suspect in Police Killings". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
     • "Detective Jerome A. Stubig". Officer Down Memorial Page . Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
     • "Kulak v. Belletire, 148 Ill. App. 3d 268". Casetext Search + Citator. Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
138. • "Negro kills seven, slain by pursuers". The New York Times . November 16, 1908. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
     • "Murderer is burned". The Free Lance . Fredericksburg, Virginia. November 17, 1908. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • Five men meet death in city of Okmulgee, Muskogee Times-Democrat (November 16, 1908)
     • Heroes are buried; Okmulgee mourns, Muskogee Times-Democrat (November 17, 1908)
     • "Okmulgee Police Department". Oklahoma Law Enforcement Memorial. Archived from the original on December 16, 2010.
139. Tabachnick, Cara (June 22, 2024). "4 killed, 9 wounded in mass shooting outside Arkansas grocery store". CBS News. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
140. • "Man Amuck, Kills 5, Wounds 7 Possemen". The Washington Post . December 15, 1923. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013 – via pqarchiver.com.
     • Negro shoots down twelve before dying, The Ogden Standard-Examiner (December 15, 1923)
     • "Negro slain after shooting many: Killed three white men and wounded nine at Drew, Miss". The Victoria Advocate . Victoria, Texas. UPI. December 16, 1923. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • Orr-Klopfer, M. Susan (2005). Where Rebels Roost – Mississippi Civil Rights Revisited. M.S. Orr Klopfer. ISBN   9781411641020. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014.
141. • Nordbeimer, Jon (May 31, 1972). "Gunman's motive remains mystery". The New York Times . p. 13. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018.
     • "Death for Sale". The New York Times . June 1, 1972. p. 42. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018.
     • "Shooting spree, senator's tour said only coincidence". The Evening Independent . St. Petersburg, Florida. May 30, 1972.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
142. Debucquoy-Dodley, Dominique (January 18, 2012). "New York man gets 200 years to life for killing spree". CNN. Retrieved July 11, 2025.
143. Bona, Phil Kelly | Nick (June 30, 2025). "Hidden Histories: Alrosa Villa's tragic night that shook rock history". WSYX. Retrieved August 11, 2025.
144. • "Driver in Death of 3 Ruled Unfit for Trial" . The New York Times . June 9, 1981. p. B7.
     • Barron, James (July 12, 1980). "Death Rampage Suspect Lost Job for 'Goofing Off'" . The New York Times . p. M20.
     • Barron, James (July 11, 1980). "L.I. Man Steals Cars, Kills 3 in Rampage; Argument With His Father Staggers From the House 'My Kids Are in There' Man Kills 3, Hurts 20 in L.I. Park In a Rampage With 2 Stolen Cars Pulled Children From Car 'Not What He Was Like'" . The New York Times . p. M1.
     • Bunch, William; Topol, Manny; Kaplan, Marjorie (July 11, 1980). "Man's Rampage Kills 3 in Park" . Newsday. Vol. 40, no. 310 (Suffolk ed.). Melville, NY. pp. 3, 25 – via Newspapers.com.
145. • "Particulars of a terrible tragedy". Daily Alta California . Vol. 15, no. 4896. San Francisco. July 24, 1863. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection (CDNC).
     • "Terrible tragedy in California". Chicago Tribune . August 20, 1863. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013 – via pqarchiver.com.
     • "Frightful occurrence – A maniac runs a muck". The Daily True Delta . Vol. XXVII, no. 255. New Orleans, Louisiana. September 17, 1863. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "The man with the axe". Archived from the original on October 15, 2012 – via The Nevada Observer., in Angel, Myron (ed.): History of Nevada, 1881; Thompson & West, 1881. (p. 470/71)
146. • "Ex-Convict in Rampage Kills 3 And Wounds 14 Before Suicide". The New York Times . April 26, 1976. p. 12. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018.
     • "4 die in 2-state crime spree". St. Petersburg Times . St. Petersburg, Florida. Associated Press, UPI. April 26, 1976. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Man who died in gunbattle with Pearson saved 3 lives: witness". St. Petersburg Times . St. Petersburg, Florida. UPI. April 27, 1976. p. 2B. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Bloody rampage". The Evening Independent . St. Petersburg, Florida. Associated Press. April 26, 1976. p. 3A. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020 – via Google News archive.
     • "Ex-convict's Rampage leaves 3 Dead, 13 Wounded". Waycross Journal-Herald . Waycross, Georgia. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 1, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2019– via Google News archive.
     • "Ex-con's family not sure what led to death gun spree". The Washington Afro-American . May 4, 1976. p. 7. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2019– via Google News archive.
147. Car Kills Man On Las Vegas Strip, CBS News (September 22, 2005) – One dead after car strikes crowd on Las Vegas Strip, The Argus-Press (September 22, 2005) – Crash victim's death was surprise, Seattle Post-Intelligencer (September 30, 2005) – Convicted Murderer Stephen Ressa Receives Sentence Archived 2014-12-17 at the Wayback Machine , 8newsnow.com (November 10, 2007) – Driver gets life for plowing into Vegas crowd, NBC News (November 10, 2007)
148. "3 killed; 10 Wounded. A Desperate Negro's Deadly Work in Alabama Town". The Afro American Ledger . August 22, 1903. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2019– via Google News Archive.
149. • "Sniper wounds 11, kills 2, himself". The Milwaukee Sentinel . April 26, 1965 – via Google News archive.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
     • "Young sniper on California hill kills 2 motorists, wounds 12". Eugene Register-Guard . Eugene, Oregon. Associated Press, UPI. April 26, 1965. p. 4A. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Teenage sniper kills 2, wounds 11". Ocala Star-Banner . Ocala, Florida. Associated Press. April 26, 1965. p. 6. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "High school boy turns sniper; kills two, self". The Free Lance–Star . Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. April 26, 1965. p. 3. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Third victim of sniper dies". The Free Lance–Star . Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. April 27, 1965. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
     • "Boy dies of wounds inflicted by sniper". The New York Times . April 27, 1965. p. 75. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.
150. • Three killed with pair of barber shears, The Lima News (December 29, 1937)
     • "3 Slain, 10 Knifed As Asiatic Runs Amok on Coast". The Washington Post . Associated Press. December 29, 1937. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013 – via pqarchiver.com.
     • "Crazed dishwasher kills 3, wounds 10". The Owosso Argus-Press . Owosso, Michigan. December 29, 1937. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Crazed man wounds nine in melee". Lodi News-Sentinel . UP. December 29, 1937. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Olson Reprieves Two Murderers". Los Angeles Times . July 13, 1939. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013 – via pqarchiver.com.
     • 3 killed, nine injured as man runs amok here, Oakland Tribune (December 29, 1937)
     • Oakland slayer must die by gas, Oakland Tribune (April 5, 1938)
     • Filipino who slew 3 here beats gas fate, Oakland Tribune (October 20, 1939)
     • Oakland slayer of 3 dies of pneumonia, Oakland Tribune (November 17, 1939)
151. • "Mozingo struggled to delay his day of reckoning". The Sacramento Bee . October 29, 1985. p. B06. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018 – via NewsBank.
     • "Three shot to death in bar; suspect held". Eugene Register-Guard . Eugene, Oregon. UPI. October 3, 1982. p. 6A. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "Suspect in slayings found dead in cell". The Gadsden Times . Gadsden, Alabama. Associated Press. October 28, 1985. p. C8. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022 – via Google News archive.
     • "A 29-year-old man hospitalized for attempted suicide was charged". UPI . October 2, 1982. Archived from the original on July 23, 2022.
     • "3 Accused Killers' Freedom is Short-Lived : 4th Prisoner Also Recaptured After Fleeing Placer County Jail". Los Angeles Times . Associated Press. October 27, 1985. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
     • "Alleged Triple Slayer Dies in Jail Cell". Associated Press . October 28, 1985. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
152. Scott, Robert (November 14, 2014). Like Father, Like Son. Pinnacle Books. ISBN   978-0786038596.
153. Armas, Genaro C. (August 5, 2009). "Pa. health club shooting gunman a 48-year-old man". Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 9, 2009 – via Google News.
154. "Idaho Gunman Also Killed Wife, Police Say". The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
155. "Greenwood Park Mall mass shooting: 1 year later". wthr.com. July 16, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2025.
156. "Man found guilty in 2021 Garland shooting that left 3 teens dead. But his teen son, the suspected gunman, remains at large". CNN. February 12, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
157. "Victims identified after Garland shooting leaves 3 teens dead". KERA News. December 27, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
158. San Bernardino Sun 23 February 1979 p.28
159. MurderandtheDeathPenalty p.21
160. Death Penalty pages A-1 A-3
161. Doe Network Case 1497
162. • Zauzmer, Julie M. (December 9, 2011). "Ex-cop kills self after shooting three, station says". The Harvard Crimson .
     • Levy, Mark (December 9, 2011). "Former Police Officer Allegedly Kills Three Family Members, Then Shoots Self". Cambridge Day .
163. "Three dead after unprovoked stabbings across Manhattan". CNN. November 18, 2024.
164. Maniac kills nine Chinese, Spokane Daily Chronicle (August 22, 1928)
     – Two counties in terror as Chinese who killed ten persons eludes posse, The Evening Independent (August 23, 1928)
     – Los Angeles Times (August 28, 1928)
     – Los Angeles Times (September 2, 1928)
165. N.Y. slaughter likely to have involved drugs, Daily Collegian (April 17, 1984)
     – Police charge Bronx man in Palm Sunday massacre, The Prescott Courier (June 20, 1984)
     – Defendant in the killing of 10 is guilty of reduced charge, The New York Times (July 20, 1985)
166. "Brutal Murder: An Entire Family of Nine Killed and Cremated" (PDF). The Times and Democrat. May 24, 1906.
     James, Bill; James, Rachel McCarthy (September 19, 2017). The Man from the Train: The Solving of a Century-Old Serial Killer Mystery. New York: Scribner. ISBN   978-1-4767-9625-3. OCLC   962016034.
167. "Trial postponed for Sumner man accused of killing 8". April 19, 2022.
168. Horrible murder, Oshkosh Daily Northwestern (September 16, 1878)
     – The Hockley Horror, Chicago Daily Tribune (October 13, 1878)
     – Eight children murdered, Evening Post (December 14, 1878)
     – Excitement at Hockley, The Galveston Daily News (November 8, 1878)
     – Hockley's sensation, The Galveston Daily News (November 9, 1878)
169. "Cowboys Cookout/Watch Party Ends with 8 Dead in Plano". CBS News . September 11, 2017.
170. The Official Site of the Villisca Axe Murders of 1912
171. Find eight murdered on North Dakota Farm, The New York Times (April 25, 1920)
     – Admits killing 8, gets life term, The New York Times (May 14, 1920)
     – Farmer, wife, five children and chore boy murdered by a neighbor, The Toronto World (May 15, 1920)
     – Baby in cradle only survivor of 1920 mass murder, Minot Daily News (October 1, 2008)
172. 7 Children Burn to Death In Fire at Log-Cabin Home, The New York Times (November 22, 1965)
     – Mysterious fire killing seven children probes, Ocala Star-Banner (November 22, 1965)
     – Teenage boy admits shooting parents, starting fatal fire, Ocala Star-Banner (November 24, 1965)
     – Youth tells police he set fire that killed 7 brothers, sisters, St. Petersburg Times (November 24, 1965)
     – Youth pleads not guilty in seven deaths, The Lock Haven Express (July 25, 1966)
     – Legal fight seen at murder trial, New Castle News (March 26, 1969)
     – Youth cleared of charges in deaths of 7, Altoona Mirror (March 31, 1969)
     
173. Murder in Bonita City
     – The Bonito City Story Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
     – Murder at Bonito Archived 2011-05-20 at the Wayback Machine , Daily Bee (May 14, 1885)
     – Seven persons murdered, The New York Times (May 7, 1885)
     – Killings Began Town's Slide, Lake Later Finished It Off Archived 2009-10-30 at the Wayback Machine , Livestock Weekly
     – Bonito City's history to be set straight, Ruidoso News (September 8, 2009)
     – Bonito City – The Real Story
     – The Mystery of the Mayberry Murders Archived 2011-08-30 at the Wayback Machine , Territorial News (April 20, 2005)
174. Seven Indians are massacred as the result of drunken row, The Anaconda Standard (October 12, 1903)
     – Full confession by Little Plume filed, The Anaconda Standard (October 20, 1903)
     – Seven men indicted by the grand jury, The Anaconda Standard (December 4, 1903)
     – Forty years in pen for Little Plume, The Anaconda Standard (January 13, 1904)
     – Little Plume kills eleven, The Morning Oregonian (October 16, 903)
175. Murderer of Seven: Sets Fire to Country Home of Frank Lloyd Wright Near Spring Green, The Weekly Home News (August 20, 1914)
     – Mystery of the murders at Taliesin, BBC News (January 14, 2001)
176. Off-Duty Officer In Cleveland Kills Seven and Himself, The New York Times (November 5, 1973)
     – Cleveland shootings leave 8 persons dead, Ellensburg Daily Record (November 5, 1973)
     – Policeman kills 7, self, Daily News (November 5, 1973)
     – 8 die in Ohio shooting spree, St. Petersburg Times (November 5, 1973)
177. Suspected killer of 7 caught in mountains of New Mexico, The Prescott Courier (January 28, 1991)
     – 3 Charged in New Mexico Killings, The New York Times (January 29, 1991)
     – Suspect in 7 slayings caught in New Mexico, The Milwaukee Sentinel (January 28, 1991)
     – Mass killer gets 146-year sentence, Rocky Mountain News (December 21, 1991)
     – Man charged in 3 of 7 deaths, Spokane Chronicle (January 29, 1991)
     – New Mexico State Police Association: New Mexico State Police, 1933–2000; Paducah, Kentucky, 2000. ISBN   978-1-56311-587-5
     
     
178. Gunman kills seven in Copley Twp. then is killed himself, Akron Beacon Journal (August 7, 2011)
     – 8 Dead, 1 Hurt in Copley Shooting Rampage, Chicago Tribune (August 8, 2011)
     – Copley spree killer may have had money troubles, letters indicate, Akron Beacon Journal (August 11, 2011)
     – Vigil Held at Copley High After Shooting Rampage, fox8.com (August 8, 2011)
179. Youth confesses murder of seven, The New York Times (May 6, 1928)
     – Youth murders entire family after quarrel, St. Petersburg Times (May 5, 1928)
     – Oberst tells real story of killings, The Emporia Gazette (May 22, 1928)
     – Jury deadlocked in patricide trial, San Antonio Express (December 4, 1930)
     – Oberst order is not upheld, Iola Daily Register (June 6, 1931)
     – Youth accused of murdering family freed, Albuquerque Journal (October 12, 1931)
180. 6 Arcadia children die in insecticide poisoning, St. Petersburg Times (October 26, 1967)
     – Richardson says he ate stew, The Evening Independent (December 1, 1967)
     – Richardson lawyers move for new trial, Ocala Star-Banner (June 18, 1968)
     – New trial is asked in Arcadia deaths, Sarasota Herald-Tribune (July 8, 1970)
     – Evidence may free father accused of killing 7 kids, The Palm Beach Post (August 12, 1988)
     – 7 murders in Arcadia resurface, The Palm Beach Post (August 13, 1988)
     – Man convicted of killing his 7 children freed, The Nashua Telegraph (April 26, 1989)
181. Suspect held for killing seven people, Rome News-Tribune (September 5, 1971)
     – Suspect Is Charged With Slaying Seven In Arizona Family, The New York Times (September 5, 1971)
     – Freeman guilty in mass murder, The Prescott Courier (April 25, 1975)
     – Freeman gets life, The Prescott Courier (May 28, 1975)
     
     
182. Kin charged in separate family slayings, The Evening Independent (June 27, 1973)
     – Seven Slain in Chicago Suburb, The New York Times (June 27, 1973)
     – Slaying suspect placed under hospital care, St. Petersburg Times (June 28, 1973)
     – 7 killed in Chicago suburb, Eugene Register-Guard (June 27, 1973)
     – Workman gets 100–300 years, Chicago Tribune (June 18, 1981)
     
183. Accused Iowa killer of 7 arraigned, CNN (September 1, 2001)
     – Man Is Arrested in the Killings of 5 Children and 2 Adults in Iowa, The New York Times (September 1, 2001)
     – Suspect to Face Charges for Iowa Slayings, Fox News (September 2, 2001)
184. In Baltimore, Slogan Collides With Reality, The New York Times (September 3, 2003)
185. "Septuple homicide suspects appear in court, trial for one set". November 18, 2023.
186. "Were killings at Aguanga marijuana grow 'a message'? - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times . October 28, 2020.
187. An old crime recalled; a mother and five children killed by an Indian, The New York Times (July 9, 1887)
     – The Case of Samuel Mohawk, an Indian of the Seneca tribe, charged with the murder of the Wigton family in Butler County, Penna. with the charge of the court, as reported for the spirit of the age; Foster, McMillin & Gamble, Pittsburgh, 1843
188. Baumberger may be tried, The New York Times (July 14, 1893)
     – Eager to lynch Bamberger, The New York Times (July 11, 1893)
     – Kreider Family's Funeral, The New York Times (July 13, 1893)
     – Death of D. S. Kreider, his wife and four daughters murdered, Terrell Times-Star (July 14, 1893)
     – Shocking slaughter, Winnipeg Free Press (July 10, 1893)
     – The deeds of a demon, Winnipeg Free Press (July 21, 1893)
     – Kreider Massacre in North Dakota
     – Capital crimes and criminals executed in northern Dakota Territory and North Dakota, 1885–1905
189. • Borders, William (August 27, 1966). "Killer in New Haven Slays 5, Wounds 2; 5 Slain, 2 Hurt by Angry Suitor in New Haven" . The New York Times .
     • "New Haven Man, 26, Guilty of Slaying 6" . The New York Times . November 17, 1966.
     • "Slayer of Six Gets the Death Penalty" . The New York Times . November 18, 1966.
     • "Five Killed, Two Hurt In Shooting Spree" . The Daily News Leader . Vol. 119, no. 169. August 26, 1966. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
     • Tepfer, Daniel (March 24, 2014). "Not much 'death' in the death penalty". CT Post. Archived from the original on January 28, 2022.
     • "State v. Davis, 158 Conn. 341, 260 A.2d 587 (Conn. 1969)". Casetext. July 1, 1969.
     • "State v. Davis, 163 Conn. 642, 290 A.2d 512 (Conn. 1972)". casetext. September 20, 1972.
     • "Arthur Davis, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Kay Bryan and Raymond Lopes, Defendants-appellees, 889 F.2d 445 (2d Cir. 1989)". Justia . November 14, 1989.
     • "Davis v. Warden, State Prison, 1992 Ct. Sup. 7697 (Conn. Super. Ct. 1992)". casetext. August 14, 1992.
     • "Arthur J. Davis v. Commissioner of Correction (AC 32827)" (PDF). Connecticut Judiciary. February 14, 2012.
     • Fellows, Lawrence (December 20, 1972). "A Connecticut Death Sentence Reduced to Follow U.S. Ruling" . The New York Times .
190. • Johnston, Lori (July 13, 1999). "How Atlanta Kid Survived Massacre". AP News . Archived from the original on April 12, 2022.
     • Johnston, Lori (July 14, 1999). "Atlanta Killer Had Violent Past". AP News . Archived from the original on April 12, 2022.
     • "Gun Misfire Spared Boy in Shooting Rampage That Killed 6 Family Members" . The Washington Post . July 14, 1999.
     • "Family mourns killing of 7 by "gentle giant'". Tampa Bay Times . July 15, 1999.
191. • "State of New Jersey v. Llewelyn James | Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division, Docket No. A-4153-08T2". Justia . September 7, 2012.
     • "STATE OF NEW JERSEY, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. LLEWELYN JAMES, a/k/a LOUIS JAMES, and LOU JAMES, Defendant-Appellant". casetext. December 13, 2016.
     • "Docket No. A-0236-17T4". Justia . November 1, 2018.
     • Hochman, Louis C. (December 13, 2016). "He's serving 315 years for killing 6 people when he was 16 — but just won a victory". New Jersey 101.5 .
     • Doyle, Bill (February 22, 2021). "A look back at a South Jersey murder spree that rocked the state in '02". New Jersey 101.5 .
192. A monstrous murder, The Fredericksburg Daily Star (March 23, 1900)
     – Horrible crime in Carolina – Six colored people murdered, The Daily Index-Appeal (March 23, 1900)
     – Negro Preacher Hanged for Murder, The New York Times (September 1, 1900)
193. Horrible & Gruesome Tragedy Near Welsh Archived 2012-03-03 at the Wayback Machine , Crowley Signal (March 1, 1902)
     – The Earl Family, Galveston Daily News (March 3, 1902)
     – Batson pleads not guilty, Davenport Daily Republican (March 21, 1902)
     – Fixing guilt on Batson, Davenport Daily Republican (April 18, 1902)
     – Confessed killing the Earls, The Kerrville Mountain Sun (May 3, 1902)
     – Batson hanged for murder of the Earls, Richmond Times-Dispatch (August 15, 1903)
194. Crazy man kills six, The New York Times (May 8, 1907)
     – Madman slays four men and two women, The San Francisco Call (May 8, 1907)
     – Commission to inquire into sanity of Davis, The San Francisco Call (May 9, 1907)
     – Insane murderer tries to commit suicide in emergency hospital, The San Francisco Call (May 10, 1907)
     – Maniac who slew six committed to asylum, The San Francisco Call (May 21, 1907)
195. Colorado family of 6 murdered on farm, The New York Times (December 22, 1919)
     – Denver farm hand held in murder of six people, Ludington Daily News (December 23, 1919)
     – Kills farmer, wife and four children, Los Angeles Times (December 22, 1919)
196. • "Admits slaying six on No. Dakota farm". The New York Times . December 14, 1930. p. 3.
     • "Discover three bodies in grave underneath barn". The Evening Independent . Vol. 24, no. 34. December 12, 1930. p. 1.
197. • Hollen, Sharron (October 28, 2021). "'Fear permeated the darkness': Killings rocked Lincoln County, spurred landmark US Supreme Court trial". The North Platte Telegraph.
     • Johnson, Tim (December 2, 2020). "Judge rules Erwin Charles Simants still dangerous, to remain at Lincoln Regional Center". The North Platte Telegraph.
     • Standiford, Melanie (October 31, 2019). "The State v. Erwin Charles Simants". KNOP-TV .
     • McCartney, Rob; Petersen, Brandi (October 13, 2013). "Judge to decide fate of 1975 killer". KETV – via YouTube.
     • "State v. Simants | Grant of Certiorari". Justia . December 12, 1975.
     • "State v. Simants | Nebraska Supreme Court Judgement". Justia . February 2, 1977.
     • "Simants v. State | Nebraska Supreme Court: Conviction Vacated". Justia . April 3, 1979.
     • "STATE of Nebraska, Appellee, v. Erwin Charles SIMANTS, Appellant". Leagle. March 4, 1983.
     • "State v. Simants | Nebraska Supreme Court". Justia . May 13, 1994.
     • "State v. Simants, 537 N.W.2d 346 (Neb. 1995)". Court Listener . September 22, 1995.
     • "Nebraska Inmate Lookup". Nebraska Department of Corrections.
198. • Evans, Tim (September 22, 2017). "Indiana woman convicted of killing 6 continues fight for freedom". The Indianapolis Star .
     • Evans, Tim (June 11, 2015). "Was life sentence just deserts or miscarriage of justice?". USA Today .
     • "Incarcerated Data: White, Sarah I. DOC # 0394". Indiana Department of Correction.
     • "White v. State | 381 N.E.2d 481 (1978)". Justia . December 13, 1978.
     • "White v. Indiana Parole Board (1999)". Findlaw . June 24, 1999.
199. • "Neighbour is guilty in killing of family". The New York Times . July 20, 1976.
     • "Neighbor charged in "vendetta" killing of 6". Ocala Star-Banner . Vol. 32. March 23, 1976. p. 5A.
     • "Man sentenced to death in state for slaying of six". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Vol. 51, no. 273. Doylestown, PA. June 14, 1978. p. 6.
     • Ebby, Robert (1993). "Constitutional Law - When Does Guilty of Third Degree Murder Equal Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity". Villanova Law Review . 38 (4): 1153–1173.
     • "COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. George GESCHWENDT, Appellant". Leagle.
200. • Colloff, Pamela (October 2010). "Innocence Lost". Texas Monthly . Archived from the original on February 19, 2022.
     • "Crime scene photos: Somerville, Texas murders". 48 Hours . March 17, 2012.
     • Schlesinger, Richard (March 17, 2012). "Grave Injustice". 48 Hours . Archived from the original on March 22, 2012.
     • Aguiar, Lourdes; Jackson, Jenna; Simpson Ashmawy, Jennifer (March 18, 2012). "Students help free wrongfully convicted man". CBS News . Archived from the original on March 22, 2012.
     • "Somerville slayings: Keith Davis remembers family he lost". KTRK-TV . February 23, 2016.
     • "Robert Earl Carter | Executed May 31, 2000 by Lethal Injection in Texas". Clark Prosecutor.
     • "Execution Report: Robert Carter". Texas Execution Information Center.
     • "Capital Punishment Clemency Petition | Carter, Robert Earl, TX, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, Undated". M.E. Grenadier Special Collections and Archives. University at Albany. April 4, 1992.
201. • Holloway, Lynette (May 5, 1993). "Boyfriend of One Victim Is Charged in 6 Slayings" . The New York Times .
     • Fisher, Ian (May 4, 1993). "6 Are Found Slain In a Harlem Home That Was Set Afire" . The New York Times .
     • Tabor, Mary B.W. (June 28, 1994). "Killer of 6 Is Sentenced to Prison" . The New York Times .
202. • "Judge Sentences Harris to Death". Alabama Public Radio . Luverne, AL. August 12, 2005. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
     • "Court rejects appeal of Alabama man convicted in 6 murders". WSFA . Associated Press. July 9, 2021.
     • "Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama. Westly Devone HARRIS v. STATE of Alabama. CR-04-2363". Findlaw . December 21, 2017.
     • "Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals: October Term, 2020-2021 | CR-19-0231". ACIS Alabama. July 9, 2021.
203. Martin, John P. (June 2, 2013). "Death penalty for Kaboni Savage". Philadelphia Inquirer . Archived from the original on September 17, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
204. "Death Row". Arizona Department of Corrections. April 12, 2014. Archived from the original on September 21, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
205. • "Death Row Information: TDCJ Number 999550 - Devoe, Paul Gilbert". Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
     • "Murder trial starts Monday in Texas for Paul Devoe". The Record Herald. September 25, 2009.
     • "Condemned murderer, Paul Devoe, loses another appeal". The Record Herald. January 16, 2014.
     • "Paul Devoe's death penalty appeal rejected, Texas man also killed Betty Dehart of State Line in 2007". The Record Herald. January 13, 2016.
     • Lindell, Chuck (January 8, 2018). "Court rejects Paul Devoe appeal in 2007 killings". Austin American-Statesman.
     • "Criminal Court of Appeals | Paul DEVOE, Appellant, c. the STATE of Texas | No. AP–76,289". Findlaw. December 14, 2011. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022.
     • "DEVOE v. DAVIS | Civil No. A-14-CA-151-SS". Leagle.
     • "PAUL G. DEVOE, III, Petitioner - Appellant v. LORIE DAVIS, DIRECTOR, TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE, CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS DIVISION, Respondent - Appellee | No. 16-70026". FindLaw. January 9, 2018. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022.
     • "Paul G. Devoe, III, Petitioner v. Lorie Davis, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division | No. 17M115". Supreme Court of the United States . May 14, 2018.
206. • Lyons, Kelan (November 17, 2017). "After given death sentence, Hudson transferred to state prison". The Eagle.
     • "Death Row Information: Inmate 999608, Hudson, William". Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
     • "Hudson v. State - Opinion No AP-77,077". Casetext. April 14, 2021.
     • Sklar, Debbie L. (November 21, 2017). "Murderer of Oceanside Woman's Family Sentenced to Death". Times of San Diego .
207. Liu, Michelle; Kinnard, Meg (April 8, 2021). "Authorities: NFL player Phillip Adams killed 5, then himself". AP News . Retrieved April 25, 2024.
208. Campbell-Hicks, Jennifer (May 9, 2021). "7 people dead after shooting in Colorado Springs home". KUSA. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
209. Negro kills 8 with a short handled axe, The Newark Advocate (July 3, 1914)
     – Kills eight for revenge, The New York Times (July 4, 1914)
     – Kills eight with an ax, The Washington Post (July 4, 1914)
     – Negro kills 8 negroes, The Daily Advocate (July 4, 1914)
     – Four Negroes Dead; Five are Wounded; Slayer Escaped, Cameron Herald (July 9, 1914)
     – Two negroes killed and seven may die, The Galveston Daily News (July 4, 1914)
     – Five negroes were killed, Corsicana Semi-Weekly Light (July 7, 1914)
     – Negro desperado is shot and killed, The Galveston Daily News (February 22, 1915)
210. "Dennis Rader | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved August 18, 2025.
211. "Idaho Murders: What We Know". The New York Times. Retrieved July 4, 2025.