Trunk roads in Wales

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The current Trunk Road Network in Wales Motorway & Trunk Road Network in Wales.png
The current Trunk Road Network in Wales

Trunk roads in Wales were created in the Trunk Roads Act of 1936 when the UK Ministry of Transport took direct control over 30 of the principal roads in Great Britain from English, Welsh and Scottish local authorities. The number of trunk roads was increased from 30 to 101 in the Trunk Roads Act of 1946. These roads formed what the Act called "the national system of routes for through traffic". Since Welsh devolution the trunk road system in Wales has been managed by the South Wales Trunk Road Agent and the North and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agent on behalf of the Welsh Government. As of April 2019, out of a total of 34,850 miles (56,090 km) of roads in Wales, 1,576 miles (2,536 km) are trunk roads (including 135 miles (217 km) of motorways and as of 2015 350 miles (560 km) of dual carriageway). [1] [2]

Contents

Historically, trunk roads have been listed on maps with a "(T)" after their number, to distinguish them from non-trunk parts of the same road. However, this suffix is no longer included on current Ordnance Survey maps. The North and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agent still use it to distinguish the trunk road from a non-trunk road. [3] When a trunk road had been improved by a motorway, bypass or a similar route, it may be de-trunked. When a road is de-trunked, signposts are often replaced, and sometimes route numbers are changed, making the original road harder to follow. The LondonFishguard Trunk Road in 1936 only included the A48 and the A40. With road improvements, most notably the M4 motorway, much of both the A48 and the A40 has been de-trunked [4] [5]

Under UK Parliamentary control

The 1936 Act came into force in Wales on 1 April 1937 and created 30 trunk roads in Great Britain, with 5 roads either completely or partially within Wales. The Act excluded roads in the County of London and Northern Ireland. The 1946 Act came into force in Wales on 1 April 1946 and produced a further 71 with 11 either completely or partially within Wales. This Act included roads within the County of London, but still excluded the City of London.

Trunk roads in Wales created by the Trunk Road Act 1936
Trunk road numberRoute of trunk roadName of trunk road
including road classification
10
From London–ChepstowCaerwent BypassPenhow BypassLlanbeder BypassNewportSt MellonsCardiffCowbridgeBridgend BypassPort TalbotNeathSwanseaPenllergaerPontarddulaisLlanddarog BypassCarmarthenSt ClearsWhitlandHaverfordwestWolf's CastleFishguard Harbour. LondonFishguard Trunk Road (A40, A48)
11
From London–ChirkLlangollenCorwenCerrigydrudionBetws-y-CoedBethesdaLlandygaiBangorLlanfairpwllgwyngyllGwalchmaiValleyHolyhead Harbour.London–Holyhead Trunk Road (A5)
17
NewportCroesyceiliog–North West of Pontypool Road Station-Pont y Pia–PenperlleniLlanellenColdbrook Park-AbergavennyLlantilio PertholeyPandy–to Shrewsbury NewportShrewsbury Trunk Road (A4042, A472, A40, A465)
18
SwanseaPenllergaerPontarddulaisFforestTycroesAmmanfordLlandybieLlandeiloLlanwrdaLlandovery StationLlanwrtyd WellsBeulahGarthBuilth WellsLlandrindod WellsLlanbister–Maes-yr-helm–Gwynant–DolforGlascoedNewtown–Garthmyl–WelshpoolLlanymynechOswestryGobowenChirk–Plas Offa–The Green–RuabonWrexham–to Manchester SwanseaManchester Trunk Road (A483, A48, A5, A539)
19
From ChesterSaltneyHawardenNorthop BypassHolywell BypassSt AsaphAbergeleColwyn BayMochdre BypassConwyPenmaenmawrLlandygai ChesterBangor Trunk Road (A55)
Sources: Legislation.gov.uk, Trunk Roads Act 1936 [6] Leslie V Watson, Trunk Roads Act 1936 and 1946 [7] What Do They Know, Welsh Government: List of Welsh Government Roads and Classifications [8]
Trunk Roads in Wales created by the Trunk Road Act 1946
Trunk road numberRoute of trunk roadName of trunk road
including road classification
75
CardiffPontypriddMerthyr TydfilBrecon–Pont-y-bat Crossroads–LlyswenBuilth WellsNewbridge-on-WyeRhayaderLlangurig CardiffLlangurig Trunk Road (A470, A40, A438, A4073, A479, A44)
76
NeathGlynneathHirwaunMerthyr TydfilTredegarBrynmawrAbergavenny NeathAbergavenny Trunk Road (A465)
77
RaglanAbergavennyBreconSennybridgeLlandovery RaglanLlandovery Trunk Road (A40)
78
NewportCaerleonUskRaglanMonmouthWiltonRoss-on-WyeLedburyGreat MalvernWorcester Newport–Worcester Trunk Road (A449, A40, A4136, A466, A449)
79
LlandeiloCarmarthen Llandilo–Carmarthen Trunk Road (A40)
80
HaverfordwestMilford Haven Haverfordwest–Milford Haven Trunk Road (A4076)
81
FishguardCardiganAberaeronAberystwythMachynllethDolgellauMaentwrogPenrhyndeudraethMinffordd–West of TremadogLlanwndaCaernarfon–North-east of Port DinorwicMenai Suspension Bridge Fishguard–Bangor (Menai Suspension Bridge) Trunk Road (A487, A497, A498, A4085, A499, A4087)
82
NewtownLlanidloesLlangurigPonterwydAberystwyth NewtownAberystwyth Trunk Road (A492, A44)
83
West of Shrewsbury (Shelton)–Middletown–ButtingtonWelshpoolLlanfair Caereinion–Mailwyd–Cross Foxes ShrewsburyDolgellau Trunk Road (A458)
84
DolgellauBalaDruid–Tyn y Cefn–MoldEwloeQueensferry–to South of Birkenhead Dolgellau–South of Birkenhead Trunk Road (A494, A549, B5123, A550, A548)
85
Felin Ty’n y Nant–Ffestiniog railway stationFfestiniogManod railway stationBlaenau FfestiniogDolwyddelanWaterloo BridgeBetws-y-CoedLlanrwst–North of Glan Conwy Maentwrog–East of Conwy Trunk Road (B4408, B4395, B4408, A496)
Sources: Legislation.gov.uk, Trunk Roads Act 1946 [9] Leslie V Watson, Trunk Roads Act 1936 and 1946 [7] What Do They Know, Welsh Government: List of Welsh Government Roads and Classifications [8]
Trunk Roads in Wales created since 1946
Trunk road numberRoute of trunk roadName of trunk road
including road classification
104
Glanusk ParkLlyswen Glanusk Park (Crickhowell)–Llyswen Trunk Road (A479)
105
CaerswsMachynlleth CaerswsMachynlleth Trunk Road A489
106
Cemmaes RoadMallwyd Cemmaes RoadMallwyd Trunk Road A489
107
PentrebachDowlais East of Abercynon–East of Dowlais Trunk Road A4060
122
St ClearsRed RosesKilgettyPembroke Dock East of St ClearsPembroke Dock Trunk Road A477
Source: What Do They Know, Welsh Government: List of Welsh Government Roads and Classifications [8]

A review of roads was carried out in 19971998 by the Welsh Office, which was part of the Government of the United Kingdom. It reviewed the existing trunk road network and identified routes that were of national strategic importance. The factors for deciding which routes should be retained in the core (trunk) network included:

These factors were published in the Government's white paper "A New Deal for Transport" in July 1998. [11]

Under Welsh Parliamentary control

The two European routes in Wales (E30 in the south and E22 in the north) are also trunk roads Cropped European Highways UK-EI (3).jpg
The two European routes in Wales (E30 in the south and E22 in the north) are also trunk roads

The National Assembly for Wales took responsibility for devolved powers on 1 July 1999, [12] as part of this process, transport was transferred from the Parliament of the United Kingdom to the National Assembly for Wales and with it responsibility for the trunk road network, including motorways. [13] Responsibility for the management of highways in Wales is split between the Welsh Government and local highway agencies. The Welsh Government is responsible for trunk roads and motorways, whilst the 22 local authorities are responsible for all other highways.

In 2001 the Welsh Government reviewed the way in which trunk roads and motorways were being managed, [14] and by September 2004, [14] they had decided to reduce the number of trunk road agencies from eight down to three. [14] The three new agencies were:

The three new Trunk Road Agencies started on 1 April 2006. Six years later on 1 April 2012 these were again reduced further down to two:

Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council and Gwynedd Council manage and maintain the trunk road network on behalf of the Transport and Strategic Regeneration division of the Welsh Government for SWTRA and NMWTRA respectively. [17] [18]

In March 2002, the Welsh Government developed their Trunk Road Forward Programme. [19] The programme listed plans for major improvements and new road schemes. [19] Following the 2004 review of the Welsh Government's transport policy in 2004, [19] they updated the list for major improvements and new road schemes. [19] In December 2008 the Trunk Road Forward Programme was again updated due to the pledges made in the One Wales the Labour Party and Plaid Cymru. [19]

As of April 2019, out of a total of 34,850 miles (56,090 km) of roads in Wales, 1,576 miles (2,536 km) are trunk roads (including 135 miles (217 km) of motorways and as of 2015 350 miles (560 km) of dual carriageway). [1] [2]

In 2023, the Welsh Government announced it was expecting more interventional schemes would be required in the future to tackle long-standing air quality issues. This could be possibly road pricing on some of Wales' trunk roads, like London's ULEZ. Although, a minister stated there are no current plans to introduce them. [20] Starting in March 2023, the Welsh Government were drafting a bill to expand their powers to implement road pricing, should they need it. [21] [22]

Present-day trunk roads

Trunk roads in Wales
Name of trunk roadRoad classification
(A road / Motorway)
NotesImage
M4 motorway (in Wales).
It forms part of the London–Fishguard Trunk Road and also the European route E30
UK-Motorway-M4.svg
Although part of the European route E30, the directional signs omit the European route numbers. It is mostly a 3-lane motorway apart from junctions 24 to 26 around Newport and from junction 38 around Port Talbot until the western terminus of the M4 at junction 49 at the Pont Abraham services, where it is a 2-lane motorway in each direction. Four Lane M4, South Wales. - geograph.org.uk - 388330.jpg
The M4,
near Cardiff
M48 motorway (in Wales)
UK-Motorway-M48.svg
The M48 was previously part of the M4 motorway, until it was renamed when the Second Severn Crossing was built in 1996. It is a 2-lane motorway in each direction. M48 from bridge, Caldicot - geograph.org.uk - 361311.jpg
The M48,
near Caldicot
UK-Motorway-A48 (M).svg
The A48(M) opened in 1977 originally as an ending for the M4. The M4 was subsequently extended from junction 29 in 1980, and this section of road was subsequently renumbered the A48(M). It is a 2-lane motorway in each direction. A48 (M), looking east near Castleton.jpg
The A48(M),
near Cardiff
Dolgellau–South of Birkenhead Trunk Road [23] (A494)
UK road A494.svg
The road runs south west (mid Wales) to north east Wales. It is mostly a single-carriageway road apart from a section between Queensferry and the M56 motorway where it is dual-carriageway road. The A494 heading North - geograph-3062586-by-Jeff-Buck.jpg
The A494,
near Queensferry
LondonFishguard Trunk Road. [24]
Forms part of the European route E30
(A40, A48, A466, M4 motorway).
UK road A40.svg UK road A48.svg
UK road A466.svg UK-Motorway-M4.svg
The A40 forms part of the Welsh Government's East to West network of trunk roads linking Abergavenny with Fishguard in Wales. The A40 is predominantly a single carriageway in Wales apart from a section between Carmarthen and St Clears. Forms part of the 6,050 kilometres (3,760 miles) European route E30 from Cork (Republic of Ireland) to Omsk (Russia). A40 heads towards A485 junction, Carmarthen (3082907).jpg
The A40,
near Abergwili
Cardiff–Glan Conwy Trunk Road (A470) [25]
UK road A470.svg
The A470 is a north–south route running from Llandudno Junction and the A55 in the north to Cardiff on the south coast. It is generally a single-carriageway road north of Merthyr Tydfil and dual carriageway south of Merthyr Tydfil. A470 North, Pentrebach - geograph.org.uk - 421685.jpg
The A470,
near Pontypridd
A4232 Trunk Road
(Capel Llanilltern – Culverhouse Cross Link Road) [26]
(A4232)
UK road A4232.svg
A4232 Trunk Road was opened in 1985 and was designed to provide a link between the Vale of Glamorgan and the west of Cardiff on the A48 with the M4 motorway. It is 5.47 kilometres (3.40 miles) in length. The remainder of the A4232 road is not trunked. A4232 (Capel Llanilltern - Culverhouse Cross Link Road).jpg
The A4232
(Cardiff Link Road)
RaglanLlandovery Trunk Road [27] (A40)
UK road A40.svg
The A40 is an east to west route in mid Wales from Raglan (Newport–Worcester Trunk Road) and Llandovery. It is mostly single carriageway standard apart from the Brecon Bypass, which is dual carriageway. A40 Brecon Bypass - geograph.org.uk - 396940.jpg
The A40
(Brecon Bypass)
East of Abercynon–East of Dowlais Trunk Road [28] (A4060)
UK road A4060.svg
The A4060 is a mix of dual carriageway and single carriageway. It links the Cardiff–Glan Conwy Trunk Road (A470) to the south of Merthyr Tydfil, where it is a 3-lane single carriageway to the Neath–Abergavenny Trunk Road (A465) at Dowlais Top, where it is a dual carriageway. Junction of Duffryn Road and the A4060 geograph-6080049-by-Jaggery (2nd cropped).jpg
The A4060,
near Pentrebach
Bangor–Chirk Trunk Road.
Forms part of the London–Holyhead Trunk Road [29] [30] (A5)
UK road A5.svg
The A5 London to Holyhead road is a trunk road in Wales running from Bangor in the north west through to Chirk in the south east of the region. The A5 is predominantly a single carriageway in Wales. Bridge over the A5, Chirk Bypass 3133987 d11b0211.jpg
The A5
(Chirk Bypass)
SwanseaManchester Trunk Road [31] (A483)
UK road A483.svg
Between the junction of the A55 and Ruabon in north Wales, the road is dual carriageway. The remainder of the road is single carriageway. A483 - geograph.org.uk - 219430.jpg
The A483
(Gresford Bypass)
Chester–Bangor Trunk Road, also known as the Holyhead–Chester Trunk Road and the North Wales Expressway. [32] [33] [34] It forms part of the European route E22. (A55)
UK road A55.svg
The A55 trunk road is the main east–west route in North Wales. The road is some 129 km (81 miles) in length, It is a dual carriageway and includes the Britannia Bridge and the A55 tunnels. West of Junction 11 (across Anglesey) is managed by UK Highways Ltd as part of a private finance initiative and east of Junction 35a (in England) is managed by Highways England. It forms part of the 5,320 kilometres (3,310 miles) European route E22 that links Ishim (Russia) with Holyhead Benkid77 A55 4 220709.JPG
The A55,
near Colwyn Bay
NeathAbergavenny Trunk Road, [35] also known as the Heads of the Valleys Road (A465)
UK road A465.svg
The road is a main east–west route in South Wales along with the M4 motorway. Large sections of the road are dual-carriageway, with the remainder being single-carriageway. The Welsh Government has promised that the dualling of the whole trunk road in Wales will be complete by 2025. The Heads of the Valleys Road A465 road (2012).jpg
The A465,
near Bute Town
Newport–Worcester Trunk Road [36] (A449)
UK road A449.svg
This road is the main road from South Wales to English Midlands. A449 from Cat's Ash Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 359876.jpg
The A449,
near Newport
NewportShrewsbury Trunk Road [37] (A4042 road)
UK road A4042.svg
The trunk road is the main south–north route in eastern Wales. Llantarnam Bypass A4042 (2) - geograph.org.uk - 1189267.jpg
The A4042,
(Llantarnam Bypass)
Shrewsbury–Dolgellau Trunk Road [31]
(also known as the Shropshire Boundary–Mallwyd Trunk Road) [38] (A458)
UK road A458.svg
The road is an east–west route in mid Wales connecting the London–Holyhead Trunk Road (A5) in the east near Shrewsbury to the Cardiff–Glan Conwy Trunk Road (A470) in the west near Mallwyd. It is a single-carriageway road. A458 (T) on a rainy Bank Holiday - geograph.org.uk - 449347.jpg
The A458,
near Mallwyd
HaverfordwestMilford Haven Trunk Road [39] (A4076)
UK road A4076.svg
The road is a small north–south road linking the London – Fishguard Trunk Road (A40) at Haverfordwest to the port of Milford Haven. It is a single-carriageway road. A4076 at Dredgman Hill - geograph.org.uk - 525644.jpg
The A4076,
near Merlin's Bridge
FishguardBangor Trunk Road [40] (A487)
UK road A487.svg
The A487 is a south–north roads running through the west Wales, linking Fishguard in Pembrokeshire with Bangor in north Wales. It is a single-carriageway road. Caernarfon Inner Relief Road-geograph-3613821-by-Jaggery.jpg
The A487
(Caernarfon Inner Relief Road)
Newtown–Machynlleth Trunk Road [41] (A489)
UK road A489.svg
The A489 is an east–west route. It runs from Newtown to Machynlleth and is split into two distinct lengths. The southern section is 8.5 km (5 miles) in length links the A483 road at Newtown to the A470 road at Caersws. The Northern section is 9 km (5.5 miles) in length and links the A470 at Cemmaes Road to the A487 road at Machynlleth. The A470 and A489 are both mostly single-carriageway roads. The A489 - geograph.org.uk - 986610.jpg
The A489,
near Abergwydol
NewtownAberystwyth Trunk Road [25] (A44)
UK road A44.svg
The A44 is an east–west route running from the A470 at Llangurrig to Aberystwyth. The road is entirely a single-carriage, linking the A483 road at Newtown to the A470 road at Caersws. A44 at Cwmergyr - geograph.org.uk - 600248.jpg
The A44,
near Llangurig
Glanusk Park (Crickhowell)–Llyswen Trunk Road [42] (A479)
UK road A479.svg
The A479 from the A40 near Crickhowell to the A470 at Llyswen and is generally a single-carriageway road and is 21 km (13 miles) in length. Bronllys bypass - eastern side.jpg
The A479
(Bronllys Bypass)
St ClearsPembroke Dock Trunk Road [43] (A477)
UK road A477.svg
The east–west route from the junction of the London–Fishguard Trunk Road (A40) at St Clears to Pembroke Dock. In 2014, the St Clears to Red Roses improvement road was opened. Bypassing the communities of Llanddowror and Red Roses, this new road is a single carriageway with over half its length carrying three lanes. A477 trunk road from the bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1404312.jpg
The A477,
(Llanddowror Bypass)
Source: What Do They Know, Welsh Government: List of Welsh Government Roads and Classifications [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M4 motorway</span> Major motorway in England and Wales

The M4, originally the London-South Wales Motorway, is a motorway in the United Kingdom running from west London to southwest Wales. The English section to the Severn Bridge was constructed between 1961 and 1971; the Welsh element was largely complete by 1980, though a non-motorway section around Briton Ferry bridge remained until 1993. On the opening of the Second Severn Crossing in 1996, the M4 was rerouted over it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A40 road</span> Road in Great Britain, connecting London to Wales

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">A470 road</span> Major long-distance road in Wales

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trunk road</span> Type of major road, usually connecting major settlements

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">European route E30</span> Road in trans-European E-road network

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roads in the United Kingdom</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">M4 relief road</span> Proposed road in Wales

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">A479 road</span> Trunk road in Wales

The A479, officially also known as the Glanusk Park (Crickhowell)—Llyswen Trunk Road, is a trunk road in Wales. It connects Crickhowell to Llyswen via the Rhiangoll valley and Talgarth, running through the Brecon Beacons National Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trunk road agent</span> Type of road authority in Wales

In Wales, a trunk road agent,, is a partnership between two or more county and/or county borough councils for the purposes of managing, maintaining, and improving the network of trunk roads in Wales in their respective areas on behalf of the Welsh Government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Wales Trunk Road Agent</span> Trunk road agent in Wales

The South Wales Trunk Road Agent is one of the two trunk road agents in Wales. It is responsible for managing motorways and trunk roads in South Wales on behalf of the Welsh Government. Established on 1 April 2006 as the South Wales Trunk Road Agency, and renamed to its current name on 1 April 2012. The agent manages the motorways and trunk roads in the fourteen principal areas of the south of Wales, from the Severn Bridge in the east to Milford Haven in the west. The remainder of Wales is managed by the North and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agent</span> Trunk road agent in Wales

The North and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agent is one of the two trunk road agents in Wales. It is responsible for managing trunk roads in North and Mid Wales on behalf of the Welsh Government. A merger of two trunk road agencies, established separately on 1 April 2006, the North Wales Trunk Road Agency and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agency, the two bodies were merged and renamed to its current name on 1 April 2012. The agent manages trunk roads in eight principal areas of the north and mid regions of Wales: the respective principal councils of Anglesey, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Powys, and Wrexham. The remainder of Wales is managed by the South Wales Trunk Road Agent.

References

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