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County and Independent City Results
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Elections in Virginia |
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The 1988 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Virginia voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
Virginia was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
Most counties in Virginia turned out for Bush, including the highly populated regions of Virginia Beach and Fairfax County. Bush ran strongly in most parts of the state, but in particular, he cracked sixty percent in populous Fairfax County, outside Washington, D.C., and got over 2/3 and 3/4 of the vote in the Richmond suburbs of Henrico and Chesterfield, respectively, which contributed to the swelling of his statewide margin. Dukakis did well in Arlington County, the independent cities of Richmond and Norfolk, in Virginia's Black Belt counties, and in some then-traditionally Democratic counties in heavily-unionized southwest Virginia. [1]
As of the 2020 presidential election [update] , this is the last election in which Northampton County and the independent cities of Martinsville, Fredericksburg, and Hampton voted for a Republican presidential candidate. This was also the last time that a Republican won the majority of the vote in Fairfax County. [2]
Every Republican presidential nominee following World War II had won Virginia except for the victories of Harry S. Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1948 and 1964 elections. Virginia was the only southern state that Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter failed to win in the 1976 election. [3]
The Republicans held Virginia's governorship from the 1969 election until Democratic nominee Chuck Robb's victory in 1981. The Democrats had also reduced the Republican control over the state's United States House of Representatives delegation from nine of ten seats in 1980 to five seats in 1986. [4]
Jesse Jackson won the Democratic primary due to lower white turnout and increased black turnout. Jackson won 96% of the black vote and 12% of the white vote. Al Gore won 40% of the white vote while Michael Dukakis won 35%. The racial composition of the primary was 65% white and 35% black. [5]
49% of white voters participated in the Republican primary. [6]
Candidate | Votes |
---|---|
George H.W Bush | 124,738 |
Bob Dole | 60,921 |
Pat Robertson | 32,173 |
Jack Kemp | 10,809 |
Pete Du Pont | 1,229 |
Alexander M. Haig, Jr. | 597 |
Uncommitted | 3,675 |
Total | 234,142 |
Candidate | Votes |
---|---|
Jesse Jackson | 164,709 |
Al Gore | 81,419 |
Michael Dukakis | 80,183 |
Paul Simon | 15,935 |
Gary Hart | 7,045 |
Bruce Babbitt | 2,454 |
Lyndon Larouche | 746 |
Uncommitted | 12,398 |
Total | 364,899 |
69% of white voters supported Bush while 30% supported Dukakis. [10] [11] Bush placed first in all of the state's congressional districts. Robb won in the concurrent senatorial election despite the Republican presidential victory. [12]
1988 United States presidential election in Virginia [13] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
Republican | George H. W. Bush | 1,309,162 | 59.74% | 12 | |
Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 859,799 | 39.23% | 0 | |
Independent | Lenora Fulani | 14,312 | 0.65% | 0 | |
Libertarian | Ron Paul | 8,336 | 0.38% | 0 | |
Totals | 2,191,609 | 100.0% | 12 |
County/City | George H.W. Bush Republican | Michael Dukakis Democratic | Lenora Fulani [14] Independent | Ron Paul [14] Libertarian | Margin | Total votes cast | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
Accomack | 6,926 | 60.01% | 4,443 | 38.49% | 125 | 1.08% | 48 | 0.42% | 2,483 | 21.52% | 11,542 |
Albemarle | 15,117 | 58.70% | 10,363 | 40.24% | 89 | 0.35% | 184 | 0.71% | 4,754 | 18.46% | 25,753 |
Alexandria | 20,913 | 45.66% | 24,358 | 53.18% | 347 | 0.76% | 186 | 0.41% | -3,445 | -7.52% | 45,804 |
Alleghany | 2,555 | 51.87% | 2,316 | 47.02% | 42 | 0.85% | 13 | 0.26% | 239 | 4.85% | 4,926 |
Amelia | 2,187 | 60.85% | 1,359 | 37.81% | 26 | 0.72% | 22 | 0.61% | 828 | 23.04% | 3,594 |
Amherst | 6,507 | 64.10% | 3,567 | 35.14% | 45 | 0.44% | 32 | 0.32% | 2,940 | 28.96% | 10,151 |
Appomattox | 3,205 | 63.59% | 1,740 | 34.52% | 53 | 1.05% | 42 | 0.83% | 1,465 | 29.07% | 5,040 |
Arlington | 34,191 | 45.37% | 40,314 | 53.49% | 442 | 0.59% | 418 | 0.55% | -6,123 | -8.12% | 75,365 |
Augusta | 13,251 | 75.14% | 4,170 | 23.65% | 145 | 0.82% | 68 | 0.39% | 9,081 | 51.49% | 17,634 |
Bath | 1,273 | 58.74% | 881 | 40.66% | 8 | 0.37% | 5 | 0.23% | 392 | 18.08% | 2,167 |
Bedford | 10,702 | 65.33% | 5,406 | 33.00% | 205 | 1.25% | 69 | 0.42% | 5,296 | 32.33% | 16,382 |
Bedford City | 1,322 | 56.79% | 960 | 41.24% | 36 | 1.55% | 10 | 0.43% | 362 | 15.55% | 2,328 |
Bland | 1,556 | 61.12% | 937 | 36.80% | 38 | 1.49% | 15 | 0.59% | 619 | 24.32% | 2,546 |
Botetourt | 5,687 | 59.30% | 3,763 | 39.23% | 92 | 0.96% | 49 | 0.51% | 1,924 | 20.07% | 9,591 |
Bristol | 4,407 | 63.92% | 2,446 | 35.47% | 28 | 0.41% | 14 | 0.20% | 1,961 | 28.44% | 6,895 |
Brunswick | 2,742 | 46.60% | 3,070 | 52.18% | 44 | 0.75% | 28 | 0.48% | -328 | -5.58% | 5,884 |
Buchanan | 3,912 | 35.68% | 6,935 | 63.25% | 100 | 0.91% | 18 | 0.16% | -3,023 | -27.57% | 10,965 |
Buckingham | 2,481 | 55.49% | 1,941 | 43.41% | 32 | 0.72% | 17 | 0.38% | 540 | 12.08% | 4,471 |
Buena Vista | 1,121 | 56.08% | 828 | 41.42% | 37 | 1.85% | 13 | 0.65% | 293 | 14.66% | 1,999 |
Campbell | 12,713 | 72.51% | 4,574 | 26.09% | 193 | 1.10% | 53 | 0.30% | 8,139 | 46.42% | 17,533 |
Caroline | 3,065 | 48.71% | 3,186 | 50.64% | 21 | 0.33% | 20 | 0.32% | -121 | -1.93% | 6,292 |
Carroll | 6,377 | 66.17% | 3,190 | 33.10% | 41 | 0.43% | 29 | 0.30% | 3,187 | 33.07% | 9,637 |
Charles City | 826 | 30.59% | 1,839 | 68.11% | 18 | 0.67% | 17 | 0.63% | -1,013 | -37.52% | 2,700 |
Charlotte | 2,699 | 57.44% | 1,923 | 40.92% | 56 | 1.19% | 21 | 0.45% | 776 | 16.52% | 4,699 |
Charlottesville | 5,817 | 42.61% | 7,671 | 56.19% | 62 | 0.45% | 102 | 0.75% | -1,854 | -13.58% | 13,652 |
Chesapeake | 29,738 | 60.87% | 18,828 | 38.54% | 173 | 0.35% | 116 | 0.24% | 10,910 | 22.33% | 48,855 |
Chesterfield | 58,828 | 75.34% | 18,723 | 23.98% | 262 | 0.34% | 270 | 0.35% | 40,105 | 51.36% | 78,083 |
Clarke | 2,502 | 62.24% | 1,478 | 36.77% | 12 | 0.30% | 28 | 0.70% | 1,024 | 25.47% | 4,020 |
Clifton Forge | 759 | 43.65% | 961 | 55.26% | 10 | 0.58% | 9 | 0.52% | -202 | -11.61% | 1,739 |
Colonial Heights | 6,001 | 78.57% | 1,581 | 20.70% | 25 | 0.33% | 31 | 0.41% | 4,420 | 57.87% | 7,638 |
Covington | 1,274 | 43.70% | 1,567 | 53.76% | 41 | 1.41% | 33 | 1.13% | -293 | -10.06% | 2,915 |
Craig | 1,112 | 55.46% | 864 | 43.09% | 16 | 0.80% | 13 | 0.65% | 248 | 12.37% | 2,005 |
Culpeper | 5,896 | 68.57% | 2,555 | 29.71% | 103 | 1.20% | 45 | 0.52% | 3,341 | 38.86% | 8,599 |
Cumberland | 1,978 | 62.61% | 1,132 | 35.83% | 34 | 1.08% | 15 | 0.47% | 846 | 26.78% | 3,159 |
Danville | 12,221 | 61.49% | 7,353 | 37.00% | 224 | 1.13% | 76 | 0.38% | 4,868 | 24.49% | 19,874 |
Dickenson | 3,091 | 40.65% | 4,461 | 58.67% | 36 | 0.47% | 16 | 0.21% | -1,370 | -18.02% | 7,604 |
Dinwiddie | 4,165 | 54.38% | 3,405 | 44.46% | 51 | 0.67% | 38 | 0.50% | 760 | 9.92% | 7,659 |
Emporia | 1,289 | 56.61% | 977 | 42.91% | 7 | 0.31% | 4 | 0.18% | 312 | 13.70% | 2,277 |
Essex | 2,038 | 60.56% | 1,294 | 38.45% | 17 | 0.51% | 16 | 0.48% | 744 | 22.11% | 3,365 |
Fairfax | 200,641 | 61.10% | 125,711 | 38.28% | 892 | 0.27% | 1,121 | 0.34% | 74,930 | 22.82% | 328,365 |
Fairfax City | 5,576 | 61.27% | 3,430 | 37.69% | 49 | 0.54% | 46 | 0.51% | 2,146 | 23.58% | 9,101 |
Falls Church | 2,470 | 49.51% | 2,484 | 49.79% | 17 | 0.34% | 18 | 0.36% | -14 | -0.28% | 4,989 |
Fauquier | 11,733 | 69.86% | 4,837 | 28.80% | 161 | 0.96% | 65 | 0.39% | 6,896 | 41.06% | 16,796 |
Floyd | 2,921 | 61.69% | 1,727 | 36.47% | 56 | 1.18% | 31 | 0.65% | 1,194 | 25.22% | 4,735 |
Fluvanna | 2,447 | 60.29% | 1,562 | 38.48% | 26 | 0.64% | 24 | 0.59% | 885 | 21.81% | 4,059 |
Franklin | 7,391 | 55.73% | 5,734 | 43.24% | 90 | 0.68% | 46 | 0.35% | 1,657 | 12.49% | 13,261 |
Franklin City | 1,557 | 48.50% | 1,630 | 50.78% | 12 | 0.37% | 11 | 0.34% | -73 | -2.28% | 3,210 |
Frederick | 9,921 | 72.33% | 3,707 | 27.02% | 42 | 0.31% | 47 | 0.34% | 6,214 | 45.31% | 13,717 |
Fredericksburg | 3,401 | 55.26% | 2,683 | 43.60% | 40 | 0.65% | 30 | 0.49% | 718 | 11.66% | 6,154 |
Galax | 1,278 | 58.09% | 907 | 41.23% | 8 | 0.36% | 7 | 0.32% | 371 | 16.86% | 2,200 |
Giles | 3,490 | 52.50% | 3,042 | 45.76% | 80 | 1.20% | 36 | 0.54% | 448 | 6.74% | 6,648 |
Gloucester | 7,646 | 68.38% | 3,372 | 30.16% | 116 | 1.04% | 47 | 0.42% | 4,274 | 38.22% | 11,181 |
Goochland | 3,765 | 62.61% | 2,209 | 36.74% | 20 | 0.33% | 19 | 0.32% | 1,556 | 25.87% | 6,013 |
Grayson | 3,968 | 61.51% | 2,441 | 37.84% | 35 | 0.54% | 7 | 0.11% | 1,527 | 23.67% | 6,451 |
Greene | 2,234 | 69.29% | 899 | 27.88% | 72 | 2.23% | 19 | 0.59% | 1,335 | 41.41% | 3,224 |
Greensville | 1,610 | 43.13% | 2,083 | 55.80% | 24 | 0.64% | 16 | 0.43% | -473 | -12.67% | 3,733 |
Halifax | 5,671 | 56.02% | 4,282 | 42.30% | 97 | 0.96% | 74 | 0.73% | 1,389 | 13.72% | 10,124 |
Hampton | 24,034 | 54.85% | 19,106 | 43.60% | 527 | 1.20% | 151 | 0.34% | 4,928 | 11.25% | 43,818 |
Hanover | 20,570 | 76.99% | 5,985 | 22.40% | 75 | 0.28% | 88 | 0.33% | 14,585 | 54.59% | 26,718 |
Harrisonburg | 5,376 | 64.86% | 2,799 | 33.77% | 84 | 1.01% | 29 | 0.35% | 2,577 | 31.09% | 8,288 |
Henrico | 62,284 | 69.29% | 26,980 | 30.02% | 378 | 0.42% | 245 | 0.27% | 35,304 | 39.27% | 89,887 |
Henry | 10,871 | 58.04% | 7,536 | 40.24% | 258 | 1.38% | 64 | 0.34% | 3,335 | 17.80% | 18,729 |
Highland | 807 | 62.75% | 456 | 35.46% | 13 | 1.01% | 10 | 0.78% | 351 | 27.29% | 1,286 |
Hopewell | 4,672 | 63.48% | 2,566 | 34.86% | 93 | 1.26% | 29 | 0.39% | 2,106 | 28.62% | 7,360 |
Isle of Wight | 5,779 | 60.07% | 3,747 | 38.95% | 63 | 0.65% | 32 | 0.33% | 2,032 | 21.12% | 9,621 |
James City | 8,945 | 64.95% | 4,642 | 33.70% | 124 | 0.90% | 62 | 0.45% | 4,303 | 31.25% | 13,773 |
King and Queen | 1,376 | 50.46% | 1,309 | 48.00% | 26 | 0.95% | 16 | 0.59% | 67 | 2.46% | 2,727 |
King George | 2,587 | 62.40% | 1,519 | 36.64% | 21 | 0.51% | 19 | 0.46% | 1,068 | 25.76% | 4,146 |
King William | 2,735 | 62.89% | 1,561 | 35.89% | 31 | 0.71% | 22 | 0.51% | 1,174 | 27.00% | 4,349 |
Lancaster | 3,380 | 67.02% | 1,551 | 30.76% | 84 | 1.67% | 28 | 0.56% | 1,829 | 36.26% | 5,043 |
Lee | 4,080 | 45.11% | 4,906 | 54.24% | 30 | 0.33% | 29 | 0.32% | -826 | -9.13% | 9,045 |
Lexington | 994 | 49.11% | 997 | 49.26% | 21 | 1.04% | 12 | 0.59% | -3 | -0.15% | 2,024 |
Loudoun | 20,448 | 66.26% | 10,101 | 32.73% | 206 | 0.67% | 107 | 0.35% | 10,347 | 33.53% | 30,862 |
Louisa | 3,831 | 57.16% | 2,789 | 41.61% | 42 | 0.63% | 40 | 0.60% | 1,042 | 15.55% | 6,702 |
Lunenburg | 2,530 | 56.27% | 1,870 | 41.59% | 76 | 1.69% | 20 | 0.44% | 660 | 14.68% | 4,496 |
Lynchburg | 15,323 | 64.04% | 8,279 | 34.60% | 243 | 1.02% | 81 | 0.34% | 7,044 | 29.44% | 23,926 |
Madison | 2,501 | 62.12% | 1,427 | 35.44% | 59 | 1.47% | 39 | 0.97% | 1,074 | 26.68% | 4,026 |
Manassas | 5,980 | 68.59% | 2,658 | 30.49% | 55 | 0.63% | 26 | 0.30% | 3,322 | 38.10% | 8,719 |
Manassas Park | 993 | 68.67% | 434 | 30.01% | 9 | 0.62% | 10 | 0.69% | 559 | 38.66% | 1,446 |
Martinsville | 3,360 | 53.64% | 2,794 | 44.60% | 86 | 1.37% | 24 | 0.38% | 566 | 9.04% | 6,264 |
Mathews | 2,752 | 67.52% | 1,235 | 30.30% | 57 | 1.40% | 32 | 0.79% | 1,517 | 37.22% | 4,076 |
Mecklenburg | 5,887 | 63.45% | 3,275 | 35.30% | 71 | 0.77% | 45 | 0.49% | 2,612 | 28.15% | 9,278 |
Middlesex | 2,571 | 63.99% | 1,361 | 33.87% | 42 | 1.05% | 44 | 1.10% | 1,210 | 30.12% | 4,018 |
Montgomery | 12,326 | 57.48% | 8,909 | 41.55% | 98 | 0.46% | 111 | 0.52% | 3,417 | 15.93% | 21,444 |
Nelson | 2,502 | 51.60% | 2,272 | 46.86% | 35 | 0.72% | 40 | 0.82% | 230 | 4.74% | 4,849 |
New Kent | 2,917 | 66.54% | 1,427 | 32.55% | 20 | 0.46% | 20 | 0.46% | 1,490 | 33.99% | 4,384 |
Newport News | 32,570 | 59.88% | 21,413 | 39.37% | 287 | 0.53% | 125 | 0.23% | 11,157 | 20.51% | 54,395 |
Norfolk | 30,538 | 44.33% | 37,778 | 54.84% | 347 | 0.50% | 228 | 0.33% | -7,240 | -10.51% | 68,891 |
Northampton | 2,562 | 52.00% | 2,242 | 45.50% | 94 | 1.91% | 29 | 0.59% | 320 | 6.50% | 4,927 |
Northumberland | 2,984 | 65.14% | 1,506 | 32.87% | 61 | 1.33% | 30 | 0.65% | 1,478 | 32.27% | 4,581 |
Norton | 608 | 42.73% | 795 | 55.87% | 15 | 1.05% | 5 | 0.35% | -187 | -13.14% | 1,423 |
Nottoway | 3,161 | 57.38% | 2,217 | 40.24% | 103 | 1.87% | 28 | 0.51% | 944 | 17.14% | 5,509 |
Orange | 4,319 | 61.57% | 2,592 | 36.95% | 69 | 0.98% | 35 | 0.50% | 1,727 | 24.62% | 7,015 |
Page | 5,013 | 66.18% | 2,499 | 32.99% | 35 | 0.46% | 28 | 0.37% | 2,514 | 33.19% | 7,575 |
Patrick | 3,990 | 64.06% | 2,093 | 33.60% | 124 | 1.99% | 22 | 0.35% | 1,897 | 30.46% | 6,229 |
Petersburg | 4,231 | 33.60% | 8,177 | 64.94% | 131 | 1.04% | 52 | 0.41% | -3,946 | -31.34% | 12,591 |
Pittsylvania | 12,229 | 63.69% | 6,612 | 34.44% | 283 | 1.47% | 77 | 0.40% | 5,617 | 29.25% | 19,201 |
Poquoson | 3,840 | 80.83% | 877 | 18.46% | 18 | 0.38% | 16 | 0.34% | 2,963 | 62.37% | 4,751 |
Portsmouth | 16,087 | 44.61% | 19,698 | 54.63% | 166 | 0.46% | 108 | 0.30% | -3,611 | -10.02% | 36,059 |
Powhatan | 4,040 | 72.91% | 1,467 | 26.48% | 16 | 0.29% | 18 | 0.32% | 2,573 | 46.43% | 5,541 |
Prince Edward | 3,147 | 55.02% | 2,434 | 42.55% | 95 | 1.66% | 44 | 0.77% | 713 | 12.47% | 5,720 |
Prince George | 4,982 | 66.29% | 2,469 | 32.85% | 38 | 0.51% | 26 | 0.35% | 2,513 | 33.44% | 7,515 |
Prince William | 39,654 | 66.70% | 19,198 | 32.29% | 434 | 0.73% | 167 | 0.28% | 20,456 | 34.41% | 59,453 |
Pulaski | 6,844 | 58.40% | 4,686 | 39.99% | 140 | 1.19% | 49 | 0.42% | 2,158 | 18.41% | 11,719 |
Radford | 2,481 | 56.84% | 1,855 | 42.50% | 21 | 0.48% | 8 | 0.18% | 626 | 14.34% | 4,365 |
Rappahannock | 1,657 | 61.69% | 1,003 | 37.34% | 8 | 0.30% | 18 | 0.67% | 654 | 24.35% | 2,686 |
Richmond | 1,862 | 66.24% | 924 | 32.87% | 15 | 0.53% | 10 | 0.36% | 938 | 33.37% | 2,811 |
Richmond City | 31,586 | 42.26% | 42,155 | 56.41% | 639 | 0.86% | 356 | 0.48% | -10,569 | -14.15% | 74,736 |
Roanoke | 22,011 | 62.61% | 12,938 | 36.80% | 115 | 0.33% | 93 | 0.26% | 9,073 | 25.81% | 35,157 |
Roanoke City | 15,389 | 46.90% | 17,185 | 52.37% | 132 | 0.40% | 107 | 0.33% | -1,796 | -5.47% | 32,813 |
Rockbridge | 3,541 | 58.41% | 2,412 | 39.79% | 65 | 1.07% | 44 | 0.73% | 1,129 | 18.62% | 6,062 |
Rockingham | 13,241 | 72.59% | 4,716 | 25.85% | 190 | 1.04% | 94 | 0.52% | 8,525 | 46.74% | 18,241 |
Russell | 4,374 | 40.68% | 6,222 | 57.86% | 130 | 1.21% | 27 | 0.25% | -1,848 | -17.18% | 10,753 |
Salem | 5,694 | 59.77% | 3,760 | 39.47% | 40 | 0.42% | 33 | 0.35% | 1,934 | 20.30% | 9,527 |
Scott | 4,986 | 56.76% | 3,616 | 41.16% | 139 | 1.58% | 44 | 0.50% | 1,370 | 15.60% | 8,785 |
Shenandoah | 8,612 | 71.74% | 3,276 | 27.29% | 67 | 0.56% | 49 | 0.41% | 5,336 | 44.45% | 12,004 |
Smyth | 7,446 | 63.49% | 3,989 | 34.02% | 236 | 2.01% | 56 | 0.48% | 3,457 | 29.47% | 11,727 |
South Boston | 1,694 | 64.05% | 936 | 35.39% | 11 | 0.42% | 4 | 0.15% | 758 | 28.66% | 2,645 |
Southampton | 3,439 | 52.96% | 3,000 | 46.20% | 35 | 0.54% | 19 | 0.29% | 439 | 6.76% | 6,493 |
Spotsylvania | 10,978 | 66.16% | 5,486 | 33.06% | 84 | 0.51% | 45 | 0.27% | 5,492 | 33.10% | 16,593 |
Stafford | 12,234 | 69.07% | 5,380 | 30.37% | 55 | 0.31% | 43 | 0.24% | 6,854 | 38.70% | 17,712 |
Staunton | 5,775 | 69.29% | 2,457 | 29.48% | 87 | 1.04% | 15 | 0.18% | 3,318 | 39.81% | 8,334 |
Suffolk | 9,742 | 54.27% | 8,080 | 45.01% | 79 | 0.44% | 49 | 0.27% | 1,662 | 9.26% | 17,950 |
Surry | 1,246 | 42.98% | 1,602 | 55.26% | 22 | 0.76% | 29 | 1.00% | -356 | -12.28% | 2,899 |
Sussex | 1,822 | 46.77% | 1,958 | 50.26% | 79 | 2.03% | 37 | 0.95% | -136 | -3.49% | 3,896 |
Tazewell | 7,165 | 46.37% | 8,098 | 52.40% | 152 | 0.98% | 38 | 0.25% | -933 | -6.03% | 15,453 |
Virginia Beach | 76,481 | 68.89% | 33,780 | 30.43% | 397 | 0.36% | 360 | 0.32% | 42,701 | 38.46% | 111,018 |
Warren | 4,700 | 61.86% | 2,769 | 36.44% | 103 | 1.36% | 26 | 0.34% | 1,931 | 25.42% | 7,598 |
Washington | 10,722 | 63.45% | 5,819 | 34.43% | 293 | 1.73% | 65 | 0.38% | 4,903 | 29.02% | 16,899 |
Waynesboro | 4,672 | 68.72% | 2,038 | 29.97% | 67 | 0.99% | 22 | 0.32% | 2,634 | 38.75% | 6,799 |
Westmoreland | 2,974 | 55.38% | 2,311 | 43.04% | 60 | 1.12% | 25 | 0.47% | 663 | 12.34% | 5,370 |
Williamsburg | 1,648 | 50.91% | 1,534 | 47.39% | 26 | 0.80% | 29 | 0.90% | 114 | 3.52% | 3,237 |
Winchester | 4,497 | 65.53% | 2,300 | 33.52% | 25 | 0.36% | 40 | 0.58% | 2,197 | 32.01% | 6,862 |
Wise | 6,189 | 46.23% | 7,017 | 52.42% | 130 | 0.97% | 50 | 0.37% | -828 | -6.19% | 13,386 |
Wythe | 5,827 | 63.17% | 3,201 | 34.70% | 170 | 1.84% | 27 | 0.29% | 2,626 | 28.47% | 9,225 |
York | 11,103 | 69.96% | 4,639 | 29.23% | 84 | 0.53% | 45 | 0.28% | 6,464 | 40.73% | 15,871 |
Totals | 1,309,162 | 59.74% | 859,799 | 39.23% | 14,312 | 0.65% | 8,336 | 0.38% | 449,363 | 20.51% | 2,191,609 |
The 1988 United States presidential election was the 51st quadrennial presidential election held on Tuesday, November 8, 1988. Incumbent Republican Vice President George H. W. Bush defeated the Democratic Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis.
Super Tuesday is the United States presidential primary election day in February or March when the greatest number of U.S. states hold primary elections and caucuses. Approximately one-third of all delegates to the presidential nominating conventions can be won on Super Tuesday, more than on any other day. The results on Super Tuesday are therefore a strong indicator of the likely eventual presidential nominee of each political party.
In American politics, the Southern strategy was a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans. As the civil rights movement and dismantling of Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s visibly deepened existing racial tensions in much of the Southern United States, Republican politicians such as presidential candidate Richard Nixon and Senator Barry Goldwater developed strategies that successfully contributed to the political realignment of many white, conservative voters in the South who had traditionally supported the Democratic Party. It also helped to push the Republican Party much more to the right relative to the 1950s. By winning all of the South a presidential candidate could obtain the presidency with minimal support elsewhere.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose twenty-one electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1988, as part of the 1988 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1988 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 8, 1988, and was part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1988 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 8, 1988. Democratic former governor Chuck Robb succeeded Republican Senator Paul Trible, who opted not to run for re-election. As of 2024, this is the last time a Democratic Senatorial candidate won every county and independent city in Virginia.
The 1988 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen won re-election to a fourth term, defeating Republican U.S. Representative Beau Boulter. Bentsen easily won the Democratic nomination for another term, while Boulter came through a run-off in the Republican primary defeating Wes Gilbreath. After winning renomination, Bentsen was chosen by Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis as his vice-presidential running mate and therefore ran for both the Senate and the vice-presidency at the same time. Although the presidential ticket lost the general election and did not carry Texas, Bentsen was always the favorite for the Senate election and won with 59.2% of the vote, compared to 40% for Boulter.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states, and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 presidential election. Alabama voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Alabama was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. State voters chose six electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Georgia was won by incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Mississippi voters chose seven electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1988 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. South Carolina voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Tennessee was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
The 1988 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 29 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1984 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 6, 1984. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1984 United States presidential election. State voters chose six electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States.
The 1984 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 6, 1984. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1984 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Tennessee was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota. Reagan ran for a second time with incumbent Vice President and former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York, the first major female candidate for the vice presidency. Mondale performed better in Tennessee than any other state that was part of the Confederacy.
The 1980 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 4, 1980, in Georgia as part of the 1980 United States presidential election. The Democratic Party candidate, incumbent President Jimmy Carter, won his home state of Georgia over former California Governor Ronald Reagan by 238,565 votes, one of just seven victories in the election.
The 1976 United States presidential election in Tennessee was held on November 2, 1976. The Democratic Party candidate, former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter won the state of Tennessee with 56% of the vote against Republican Party candidate, President Gerald Ford, carrying the state's 10 electoral votes.
The 1986 United States Senate election in Louisiana was held on November 4, 1986. Democratic nominee John Breaux defeated Republican nominee Henson Moore with 52.82% of the vote.