Trump met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy before meeting other European leaders. At the press conference immediately preceding the Trump–Zelenskyy meeting, Zelenskyy personally handed over a letter from his wife, Olena Zelenska, to US first lady Melania Trump, thanking her for efforts to secure the return of Ukrainian children held in Russia.[9]
Trump was asked about his earlier claim that Zelenskyy could end the war "immediately". Trump answered that he still believes this, and that there was a good chance of producing a settlement during a future three-way meeting with Russia, Ukraine, and the United States.[10] Zelenskyy said he also wanted such a meeting to take place.[11]
Trump said the United States would offer Ukraine strong security protection but left open whether it would be NATO-led or take another form of US involvement.[9]
Trump reiterated that he didn't think a ceasefire was necessary for a peace treaty.[5][4] This marked a notable shift from Trump's stance before his meeting with Putin the previous week. Before the Russia–United States Summit, he had said that he wanted a ceasefire "rapidly" and had threatened Russia with economic sanctions if one was not agreed on.[11]
Zelenskyy said Ukraine can purchase US weapons with support from European countries and other financing programs. He stressed that strengthening and rearming the country's armed forces is vital.[11]
The summit took place on short notice.[13][14] According to the BBC, it was "unprecedented in modern times for so many world leaders to be [at the White House] at once."[15] Several leaders, including Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, proposed security guarantees for Ukraine along the lines of NATO's collective-defense clause, under which an attack on one is treated as an attack on all.[16]
After the meeting, President Emmanuel Macron of France stressed that security guarantees involved the security of "the whole of the European continent". German Chancellor Friedrich Merz remarked to the press that "The Russian demand that Kyiv give up the free parts of Donbass corresponds, to put it bluntly, to a proposal for the United States to have to give up Florida."[3]
Analyses
Former NATO Deputy Secretary General Rose Gottemoeller emphasized that Trump's acknowledgment of security guarantees for Ukraine, and US participation in such, was of enormous importance.[19]Harlan Ullman of the Atlantic Council feared that "security guarantees are going to be very, very difficult".[5]Anatol Lieven, an analyst at the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, noted that Russia has from the start been in favor of a peace agreement without a prior ceasefire, as a ceasefire would give away its only leverage.[5] Liza Fokht from the BBC also opined that a ceasefire would be disadvantageous for Russia.[11] According to Al Jazeera, "With [Putin's] forces inching forward in Ukraine, he has little incentive to freeze their movement."[20]
John Foreman, a former British military attaché in Moscow, laid out Putin's maximalist demands: "Russia might accept a US security guarantee for Ukraine in return for formal recognition of the occupied territories, effectively partitioning Ukraine for the long term, and no NATO (troops) in Ukraine and no Ukraine in NATO... Whatever happens, the Coalition of the Willing is no substitute for US power." Former British Defence Secretary Ben Wallace stated that "The reality that everyone seems to want to avoid admitting or doing anything about is that Putin shows no sign of wanting to stop the killing".[21]
Tatiana Stanovaya, a senior analyst at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center, said that security guarantees come in all shapes and sizes, "But let's be clear: there's not going to be a US or European commitment to go to war with Russia if it reinvades Ukraine.[22]
More broadly, Gérard Araud, the French Ambassador to the United States during Trump's first term, equated both summits in terms of substance: "In Anchorage and in Washington, it was a triumph of empty vagueness and meaningless commitments... In both cases, no firm decision has been taken. Nothing has changed."[25] In the same vein the editorial board of The Wall Street Journal stated, four days after the summit, that "All the happy smiles of diplomacy won't make a difference unless Mr. Putin thinks that the cost to him of continuing the war is higher than the risk of ending it."[26]
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