On 24 November 2021,Bridges was sacked from the shadow cabinet of Judith Collins,who cited a crude comment he made to fellow MP Jacqui Dean in 2016 that had been previously dealt with,with Bridges formally apologising to Dean in private. Collins' actions triggered a successful vote of no-confidence in her leadership by the National Party caucus the following day,with a leadership election scheduled for 30 November 2021. Bridges had intended to contest the election,but withdrew on the day of the vote and endorsed Christopher Luxon.
Bridges announced his retirement from politics in March 2022,triggering a by-election.[8]
Early life
Simon Bridges was born in October 1976 in Auckland,the youngest of six children. His father,of Māori and Pākehā (New Zealand European) descent,was a Baptist minister,and his mother,a Pākehāfrom Waihi,was a primary school teacher.[9] His father Heath's mother,Naku Joseph,was a member of Ngāti Kinohaku,a hapū (subtribe) of the Ngāti Maniapoto tribe,and associated with Oparure Marae near Te Kūiti,through which Bridges has family connections to former Labour Cabinet Minister Koro Wētere.[10]
Bridges grew up in Te Atatū,West Auckland,and attended Rutherford College. There,he was taught by future Labour Education Minister Chris Carter,and became head boy of the college.[9][11] He went on to complete a Bachelor of Arts in political science and history,and a Bachelor of Laws (Hons) at the University of Auckland.
Legal career
Bridges began his legal career as a litigation lawyer in a major Auckland law firm,Kensington Swan.[9] He moved to Tauranga in 2001 to take up a position as a Crown prosecutor in the District and High Courts. During this time,he took leave to travel to the United Kingdom to study at the London School of Economics and Political Science,and later to complete a postgraduate law degree at St Catherine's College,Oxford;he also worked as an intern in the British House of Commons.[9] As a Crown prosecutor in Tauranga,Bridges mainly worked on jury trials.[12] Bridges ended his legal career in 2008,when he was nominated by the National Party to stand for election to the New Zealand Parliament.[13]
Early political career
Bridges became a member of the Young Nationals in 1992 at the age of 16 and was elected Deputy New Zealand Chair in 1997. He was active in National's West Auckland organisation as a member of MP Brian Neeson's electorate team. Bridges supported Neeson against a challenge by John Key for the National Party candidacy to contest the new seat of Helensville at the 2002 general election.[9][14] In the following years,Bridges held several senior positions within the party,including sitting on the party's rules committee and serving as chairperson of the Tauranga National Party branch.[13]
In 2008 the incumbent National MP for the Tauranga electorate Bob Clarkson announced his intention not to stand for re-election. Bridges then announced his candidacy for the party's selection to stand in the electorate,and resigned from his roles within the party. In June 2008 Bridges was selected as the party's candidate for the electorate.[15] He was placed at No. 51 on National's party list.[16] Several opinion polls during the campaign suggested Bridges was likely to win the seat by a large margin.[17][18]
Bridges won the seat with a majority of 11,742 votes,against a field of 11 candidates,including New Zealand First leader Winston Peters. As New Zealand First did not meet the 5% party vote threshold nationally,it was reliant on at least one candidate winning an electorate seat to be represented in Parliament,and Winston Peters' Tauranga candidacy had been its best chance that year.[19]
Bridges sponsored a Private Member's Bill to increase penalties for animal cruelty,which was drawn from the ballot in early 2010. After passing its first reading,the Animal Welfare Amendment Bill was adopted by the Minister of Agriculture David Carter as a Government Bill and was passed into law.[20]
Minister:2012–2017
Bridges speaking to Bryce Edwards at a 2011 election event
Bridges was re-elected for Tauranga in the 2011 election.[21] In April 2012,Prime Minister John Key appointed him as a Minister outside Cabinet,as Minister for Consumer Affairs,Associate Minister of Transport,and Associate Minister for Climate Change Issues.[22] In January 2013 Bridges moved into the Cabinet and became Minister of Labour and Minister of Energy and Resources. He continued as Associate Minister for Climate Change Issues,but was no longer Minister of Consumer Affairs and Associate Minister of Transport.[23]
Bridges made regular appearances on TVNZ's Breakfast programme as part of the "Young Guns" feature,in which he appeared alongside Labour MP Jacinda Ardern.[24]
In October 2013,during a TV interview on Campbell Live,Bridges and presenter John Campbell became engaged in a heated discussion about the benefits and risks of offshore oil drilling.[26]
In April 2014,environmental activist group Greenpeace launched a campaign calling for Bridges to be removed as Energy and Resources Minister over an allegation he approved potential oil and gas exploration in Victoria Forest Park,West Coast,but later said he was unaware of having given the approval.[27][28] Opponents perceived that Bridges had wrongly approved the exploration in a sensitive area,however this was denied by Bridges and John Key.[29]
Bridges,as Transport Minister,opens a cycle route in Palmerston North
On 9 March 2015,when a by-election was scheduled to be held in the Northland electorate on 28 March,the National Party candidate Mark Osborne announced with Bridges (then Minister of Transport) that National pledged to upgrade 10 one-lane bridges in the region at a cost of up to $69million.[30] Opponents criticised the government for using its advantage inappropriately in the Northland by-election campaign,especially since it was later revealed that Bridges had asked officials for information on the 10 one-lane bridges days before the announcement. However,John Key defended the request because Bridges had sought factual information rather than policy advice,which is permitted under the Cabinet Manual rules.[31]
Following the resignation of John Key from the prime ministership on 5 December 2016,Bridges announced his candidacy for the Deputy Leadership of the National Party and consequent Deputy Prime Ministership. He withdrew from the election process when it became clear Paula Bennett had the numbers to win.[32]
New Prime Minister Bill English made changes to the Cabinet effective 20 December 2016,and Bridges became Minister for Economic Development,Minister for Communications,and Associate Minister of Finance. He retained his role as Minister of Transport and was no longer Minister of Energy and Resources,and Associate Minister of Justice,and Climate Change Issues.[23]
Simon Bridges was re-elected in the 2017 election.[21] Following the defeat of the National government, Bridges was no longer a minister, but was appointed Shadow Leader of the House, and National spokesperson for the portfolios for both Economic and Regional Development, and Immigration.[33] Bridges realised his desire to hold office was now out of reach, but he hoped to be New Zealand’s first Māori prime minister, ideally at the next election.[34]
In February 2018, Bill English resigned as the leader of the National Party, paving way for a leadership contest.[35] In a press conference held the day after English's resignation, Bridges announced his candidacy for the leadership of the party.[36] On 27 February 2018, he was elected as National Party leader,[1] thus also becoming Leader of the Opposition. He is the first person with Māori ancestry to serve as leader of the National Party.[4] Bridges announced his Shadow Cabinet appointments on 11 March 2018. Paula Bennett served as his deputy.[37]
MP expenses saga
On 13 August 2018 Newshub reported that Bridges had spent $113,000 in taxpayer money on limousines and hotels between April and June 2018. (His expenses were higher than normal because he was travelling around New Zealand on a 'getting to know Simon' road-show.[citation needed]) Information on Bridges's spending emerged in a leak of MPs' expenses.[38][39] In response, the National Party demanded an independent inquiry into the source of the leak. Bridges publicly stated that he was "supremely confident" that his MPs were not behind the leak.[40] On 15 August, Speaker of the HouseTrevor Mallard launched an independent inquiry into who had leaked information about Bridges's expenses.[41]
On 24 August 2018 RNZ reported that a person claiming to be the National Party leaker had sent separate anonymous text messages to Bridges and to Mallard calling for the inquiry into the leaking of Bridges's expenses to be called off. The author of the text alleged that they had suffered from mental health problems and claimed that the publicity would endanger their health and life.[42] In response, Mallard subsequently called off the inquiry, prompting criticism from both Bridges and Shadow leader of the House Gerry Brownlee, who demanded that the investigation into the identity of the leaker continue.[43][44] Bridges claimed that the New Zealand Police were reportedly aware of the leaker's identity.[45]
At a press conference on 15 October 2018, Bridges implied that National MP Jami-Lee Ross had leaked his (Bridges's) expenses. Bridges cited a PwC report which strongly suggested that Ross had been the leaker, based on text messages sent to a Radio New Zealand reporter, the Speaker of the House, and a police officer in the Botany electorate during the leak. Bridges also rejected claims made by Ross in a series of tweets alleging that Bridges had been trying to pin the blame on him for questioning his leadership decisions. Bridges also indicated that National would seek disciplinary action against Ross.[46][47]
On 16 October 2018, Ross alleged that Bridges had violated election law several times, including accepting an illegal NZ$100,000 donation in May 2018, which Ross claimed that Bridges had told him to cover up. The donation came from a businessman, Yikun Zhang, connected to the Chinese Communist Party.[48][49][50] In addition, Ross alleged that Bridges and Deputy Leader Paula Bennett had tried to smear him with allegations that he had sexually harassed several women. Bridges publicly denied Ross' allegations as baseless and said it was a matter for the police. That same day, the National Party caucus voted to expel Ross for disloyalty. Ross announced his intention to stay in parliament as an independent MP.[51][52]
On 29 January 2020, the Serious Fraud Office filed criminal charges against four people in relation to an alleged NZ$100,000 donation paid into a National Party electorate bank account. Bridges stated neither he nor anyone from National Party are among those who have been charged in relation to the donation allegations. The Serious Fraud Office launched an investigation on 12 March 2019, after police referred on a complaint made by Ross.[53][54]
2020 COVID-19 pandemic
On 24 March, it was reported that Bridges would lead a cross-party select committee that would scrutinise the Government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. The cross-party Epidemic Response Committee would run in the absence of the New Zealand Parliament, which would adjourn for five weeks on 25 March. Two thirds of members will be from the opposition National and ACT parties while the rest will come from the governing Labour-New Zealand First-Greens coalition government.[55][56]
On 6 April, Bridges drew media attention when he admitted that despite the advice against long road trips during the pandemic lockdown he was commuting back and forth between Tauranga and Wellington to chair the committee, even though its proceedings were being conducted by video conference. He said that he had not considered basing his family in Wellington, as Jacinda Ardern had done, and that his actions were "absolutely an appropriate way of doing things."[57] Later that day he also said that his internet was unreliable, and that he needed to be close to the Press Gallery and other media.[58] The next day, he downplayed the issue of his internet connection after it was reported that his home has fibre and ultra-fast broadband.[59] He also said that the "resources and focus" available from his physical presence in Wellington were of use, and that it was not practicable for him to relocate there completely.[60] Bridges's actions were defended by both the left-wing blogger Martyn "Bomber" Bradbury and right-wing blogger David Farrar, who compared him favourably to Health MinisterDavid Clark's lapses during the lockdown.[61][62]
On 16 April, Simon Bridges called upon the New Zealand Government to lift the level 4 lockdown the following week to help struggling businesses that were affected by the lockdown.[63] Bridges's disagreement with the decision to extend the lockdown was poorly received, prompting Deputy Leader Paula Bennett to issue a statement claiming that Bridges had the support of National's caucus.[64] On 23 April, a man was charged in court for threatening to kill Bridges and his family in a Facebook post.[65]
2020 New Zealand National Party leadership challenge
On 18 May, a Newshub Reid Research public opinion poll was released, which recorded Bridges's preferred Prime Minister rating at 4.5% and voting intention for National at 30.6%, in contrast to Prime Minister Ardern and Labour's high approval rating.[66][67] In response to Bridges's low approval rating, National MPs Todd Muller and Nikki Kaye mounted a challenge for the leadership and deputy leadership of the National Party.[68][69] An emergency caucus meeting was held on 22 May to determine the party's leadership, resulting in him losing his position as leader of the National Party and Leader of the Opposition.[70]
On 2 July 2020, Bridges was allocated the foreign affairs portfolio in Todd Muller's shadow cabinet and was moved down to the number 17 spot on the National Party list.[71][72]
Following the election of Judith Collins as National's leader, Bridges was moved to the number four spot on the National Party List. Besides retaining his foreign affairs portfolio, Bridges also assumed the justice portfolio.[73]
During the 2020 general election, Bridges retained his seat in Tauranga by a final margin of 1,856 votes.[74] National was returned for a second term in opposition; in the post-election portfolio reshuffle, Bridges was named spokesperson for justice, water, Pike River Mine re-entry and Māori–Crown relations.
On 19 February 2021 Bridges attracted media attention when he criticised Police CommissionerAndrew Coster's efforts to combat gang and gun violence in New Zealand. Bridges described Coster as a "wokester commissioner" in a Twitter post.[75] On 25 February, Bridges clashed with Coster during a select committee hearing, criticising the New Zealand Police's "policing by consent" policies and asking whether the Police still conducted arrests.[76]
Bridges criticised Coster again in June 2021, claiming on Twitter that he witnessed a gang fight in the car park of a Tauranga hospital and adding "Just another day in the Bay of Plenty". Police confirmed that an altercation took place but denied any gang involvement.[77] Further investigation revealed that a patched Mongrel Mob member had helped jump start a vehicle in the parking lot shortly before an unrelated incident took place over a parking space.[78]
In August 2021 Bridges published a book National Identity: Confessions of an Outsider.[79]
On 24 November 2021, amid speculations Bridges was considering challenging Collins for the leadership, he was unexpectedly demoted from Collins' shadow cabinet due to allegations of "serious misconduct" relating to an interaction with fellow National Party MP Jacqui Dean in 2017.[80][81] Collins, however, was accused of using the allegation to smear him so he could not succeed her, as she was seen to believe a leadership spill was inevitable due to severe unpopularity. This claim was justified by espousers because Bridges was always seen to pose a significant threat to her leadership, as the figurehead of the party's moderate faction.[82] Bridges responded by calling his sacking "desperate" on Collins' part, while acknowledging that he had "engaged in some old wives' tales about [my wives and children] and how to have a girl" around Dean, and called some of his statements "clearly inappropriate".[83]
Collins' demotion of Bridges led members of the National Party's parliamentary caucus to call for a vote of no confidence in her leadership on 25 November. Deputy leader Shane Reti assumed the role of interim leader, with a leadership vote scheduled for 30 November.[84][85]
Christopher Luxon Shadow Cabinet
Though Bridges initially announced that he would be running for the leadership of the National Party he subsequently withdrew from the contest and endorsed Christopher Luxon as leader on 30 November.[86][87] Luxon was subsequently elected by the party caucus as National Party leader that same day.[88] In Luxon’s Cabinet he was given spot number 3 and the portfolios of Finance and Infrastructure.
Bridges announced his retirement from politics in March 2022 to spend more time with family and pursue commercial and media opportunities, triggering a by-election.[8] Bridges's finance and infrastructure spokesperson portfolios were filled by Nicola Willis and Chris Bishop, respectively.[90] Bridges later revealed that his decision to retire was prompted by a life-threatening liver injury his son Harry received in December 2021.[91] His retirement took effect on 6 May 2022.[92]
Personal life
Bridges grew up in a Christian household and has himself been a Christian since the age of 12 or 13.[93] He met his future wife Natalie, a British-born public relations consultant, while she was studying at the University of Oxford.[94][95] The couple have two sons, born in 2012 and 2014,[96][97] and a daughter, born in 2017.[98] The family lived in Matua, Tauranga.[99] As of 2008 he attended Holy Trinity Tauranga, an Anglican church.[9]
Bridges has a personal superannuation scheme, like 241 other New Zealanders (mainly MPs).[100]
Bridges's sister, Rachel Trimble, married National MP Simon O'Connor in December 2016.[101]
Bridges moved to Auckland in 2022, to become the CEO and spokesman for the Auckland Business Chamber, replacing Michael Barnett (the CEO for 31 years). He also has an arrangement with Stuff New Zealand involving an audio deal.[102]
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An election for the parliamentary leadership of the New Zealand National Party took place in the National Party parliamentary caucus on 22 May 2020. Todd Muller and Nikki Kaye stood against the existing leader Simon Bridges and his deputy leader Paula Bennett following poor polling results. Muller and Kaye won the votes and became the new leader and deputy leader respectively.
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The 2021 New Zealand National Party leadership election was held on 30 November 2021 following the removal of leader Judith Collins in a vote of no confidence on 25 November 2021. Deputy leader Shane Reti was made interim leader until the election. Simon Bridges was the only person to publicly announce his candidacy. About an hour before the National Party caucus was set to meet, he withdrew from the race and endorsed Christopher Luxon.
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