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85 legislative chambers in 44 states | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Map of upper house elections: Democrats gained control Democrats retained control Republicans gained control Republicans retained control Coalition retained control Non-partisan legislature No regularly-scheduled elections | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() Map of lower house elections: Democrats gained control Democrats retained control Republicans gained control Republicans retained control Non-partisan legislature No regularly-scheduled elections |
Elections to state legislatures were held on November 4, 2008, alongside other elections, in which Democrats scored significant gains in a blue wave election. Elections were held for 85 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, Alabama, Maryland, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Michigan and Minnesota held elections for their lower, but not upper houses. [1] Seven territorial chambers in four territories and the District of Columbia were up.
The New Hampshire Senate saw the election of the first-ever female majority. This is the first time this has occurred in any chamber of any state legislature in United States history. [2] In New York, the Democrats obtained a trifecta for the first time since 1935, and in Delaware for the first time since 1977. [3]
The Democrats took control of six legislative bodies to the Republicans' four. Democrats took control of the Delaware House of Representatives, for the first time since 1985, the Montana House of Representatives, the Nevada Senate, and the New York State Senate, for the first time since 1966, the Ohio House of Representatives, and the Wisconsin State Assembly. Republicans took control of the Montana Senate; both houses of the Tennessee General Assembly, [4] for the first time since 1870; and the Oklahoma Senate, for the first time in state history. With the Montana Senate and the Montana House of Representatives flipping, this election cycle marked the last time in U.S. history as of 2025 where the upper house and lower house held by different political parties in a state legislature both flipped in the same cycle.
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 85 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly-scheduled elections were held for 5,948 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber. [5] The chambers not up for election either hold regularly-scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly-scheduled elections in presidential midterm election years.
Note that this table only covers regularly-scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly-scheduled elections.
State | Upper House [5] | Lower House [5] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats up | Total | % up | Term | Seats up | Total | % up | Term | |
Alaska | 19 | 20 | 95 | 4 | 40 | 40 | 100 | 2 |
Arizona | 30 | 30 | 100 | 2 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
Arkansas | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2/4 [c] | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
California | 20 | 40 | 50 | 4 | 80 | 80 | 100 | 2 |
Colorado | 18 | 35 | 51 | 4 | 65 | 65 | 100 | 2 |
Connecticut | 36 | 36 | 100 | 2 | 151 | 151 | 100 | 2 |
Delaware | 21 | 21 | 100 | 2/4 [c] | 41 | 41 | 100 | 2 |
Florida | 40 | 40 | 100 | 2/4 [c] | 120 | 120 | 100 | 2 |
Georgia | 56 | 56 | 100 | 2 | 180 | 180 | 100 | 2 |
Hawaii | 25 | 25 | 100 | 2/4 [c] | 51 | 51 | 100 | 2 |
Idaho | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
Illinois | 59 | 59 | 100 | 2/4 [c] | 118 | 118 | 100 | 2 |
Indiana | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Iowa | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Kansas | 40 | 40 | 100 | 4 | 125 | 125 | 100 | 2 |
Kentucky | 19 | 38 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Louisiana | 0 | 39 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 105 | 0 | 4 |
Maine | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 151 | 151 | 100 | 2 |
Maryland | 0 | 47 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 141 | 0 | 4 |
Massachusetts | 40 | 40 | 100 | 2 | 160 | 160 | 100 | 2 |
Michigan | 0 | 38 | 0 | 4 | 110 | 110 | 100 | 2 |
Minnesota | 0 | 0 | 100 | 2/4 [c] | 134 | 134 | 100 | 2 |
Mississippi | 0 | 52 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 122 | 0 | 4 |
Missouri | 17 | 34 | 50 | 4 | 163 | 163 | 100 | 2 |
Montana | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Nebraska | 25 [d] | 49 [d] | 51 [d] | 4 | N/A (unicameral) | |||
Nevada | 10 | 21 | 48 | 4 | 42 | 42 | 100 | 2 |
New Hampshire | 24 | 24 | 100 | 2 | 400 | 400 | 100 | 2 |
New Jersey | 0 | 40 | 0 | 2/4 [c] | 0 | 80 | 0 | 2 |
New Mexico | 42 | 42 | 100 | 4 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
New York | 62 | 62 | 100 | 2 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
North Carolina | 50 | 50 | 100 | 2 | 120 | 120 | 100 | 2 |
North Dakota | 23 | 47 | 49 | 4 | 47 | 94 | 50 | 4 |
Ohio | 16 | 33 | 48 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
Oklahoma | 24 | 48 | 50 | 4 | 101 | 101 | 100 | 2 |
Oregon | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
Pennsylvania | 25 | 50 | 50 | 4 | 203 | 203 | 100 | 2 |
Rhode Island | 38 | 38 | 100 | 2 | 75 | 75 | 100 | 2 |
South Carolina | 46 | 46 | 100 | 4 | 124 | 124 | 100 | 2 |
South Dakota | 35 | 35 | 100 | 2 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 2 |
Tennessee | 16 | 33 | 48 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
Texas | 16 | 31 | 52 | 2/4 [c] | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
Utah | 15 | 29 | 52 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 100 | 2 |
Vermont | 30 | 30 | 100 | 2 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 2 |
Virginia | 0 | 40 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 2 |
Washington | 25 | 49 | 51 | 4 | 98 | 98 | 100 | 2 |
West Virginia | 17 | 34 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 2 |
Wisconsin | 16 | 33 | 48 | 4 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 2 |
Wyoming | 15 | 30 | 50 | 4 | 60 | 60 | 100 | 2 |
Total | 1280 | 1971 | 65 | N/A | 4595 | 5411 | 85 | N/A |
Analysts expected Democrats to perform quite well, owing to the strong polling of Democrat Barack Obama in the concurrent presidential election. Despite this, they expected Democrats to only be able to pick up a net handful of chambers from the Republicans owing to the highs they had already reached during the 2006 elections. They saw Democrats' best pickup opportunities in chambers in midwestern presidential battleground states such as the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Ohio House of Representatives, as well as Republican-held chambers in strongly-Democratic states, such as the Delaware House of Representatives and the New York State Senate. Despite Obama's large polling lead, Republicans were expected to be able to win a few chambers in southern states where his potential coattails were seen as weaker in rural areas, such as the Oklahoma Senate and the Tennessee Senate. [6]
Ratings are designated as follows:
State | Chamber | Last election | Stateline Oct. 15, 2008 [6] | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | Senate | Coal. 15–5 | Tossup | Coal. 16–4 |
House of Representatives | R 23–17 | Likely R | R 22–18 | |
Arizona | Senate | R 17–13 | Lean R | R 18–12 |
House of Representatives | R 33–27 | Tossup | R 36–24 | |
Arkansas | Senate | D 27–8 | Safe D | D 27–8 |
House of Representatives | D 72–28 | Safe D | D 71–28–1 | |
California | State Senate | D 25–15 | Safe D | D 25–15 |
State Assembly | D 48–32 | Safe D | D 50–29–1 | |
Colorado | Senate | D 20–15 | Lean D | D 21–14 |
House of Representatives | D 39–26 | Likely D | D 38–27 | |
Connecticut | State Senate | D 24–12 | Safe D | D 24–12 |
House of Representatives | D 107–44 | Safe D | D 114–37 | |
Delaware | Senate | D 13–8 | Safe D | D 16–5 |
House of Representatives | R 23–18 | Lean D (flip) | D 24–17 | |
Florida | Senate | R 26–14 | Safe R | R 26–14 |
House of Representatives | R 78–42 | Safe R | R 76–44 | |
Georgia | State Senate | R 34–22 | Safe R | R 34–22 |
House of Representatives | R 106–74 | Safe R | R 105–74–1 | |
Hawaii | Senate | D 20–5 | Safe D | D 23–2 |
House of Representatives | D 43–8 | Safe D | D 45–6 | |
Idaho | Senate | R 28–7 | Safe R | R 28–7 |
House of Representatives | R 51–19 | Safe R | R 52–18 | |
Illinois | Senate | D 37–22 | Likely D | D 37–22 |
House of Representatives | D 66–52 | Likely D | D 70–48 | |
Indiana | Senate | R 33–17 | Safe R | R 33–17 |
House of Representatives | D 51–49 | Tossup | D 52–48 | |
Iowa | Senate | D 30–20 | Likely D | D 32–18 |
House of Representatives | D 54–46 | Likely D | D 57–43 | |
Kansas | Senate | R 30–10 | Safe R | R 31–9 |
House of Representatives | R 78–47 | Safe R | R 77–48 | |
Kentucky | Senate | R 21–16–1 | Likely R | R 21–16–1 |
House of Representatives | D 61–39 | Safe D | D 65–35 | |
Maine | Senate | D 18–17 | Tossup | D 20–15 |
House of Representatives | D 90–59–2 | Safe D | D 95–55–1 | |
Massachusetts | Senate | D 35–5 | Safe D | D 35–5 |
House of Representatives | D 141–19 | Safe D | D 144–15–1 | |
Michigan | House of Representatives | D 58–52 | Lean D | D 67–43 |
Minnesota | House of Representatives | D 85–49 | Safe D | D 87–47 |
Missouri | Senate | R 21–13 | Likely R | R 23–11 |
House of Representatives | R 92–71 | Likely R | R 89–74 | |
Montana | Senate | D 26–24 | Lean R (flip) | R 27–23 |
House of Representatives | R 50–49–1 | Tossup | D 50–50 | |
Nevada | Senate | R 11–10 | Tossup | D 12–9 |
Assembly | D 27–15 | Safe D | D 28–14 | |
New Hampshire | Senate | D 14–10 | Tossup | D 14–10 |
House of Representatives | D 239–160–1 | Lean D | D 225–175 | |
New Mexico | Senate | D 24–18 | Safe D | D 27–15 |
House of Representatives | D 42–28 | Safe D | D 45–25 | |
New York | State Senate | R 33–29 | Lean D (flip) | D 32–30 |
State Assembly | D 106–42–1–1 | Safe D | D 107–41–1–1 | |
North Carolina | Senate | D 31–19 | Lean D | D 30–20 |
House of Representatives | D 68–52 | Likely D | D 68–52 | |
North Dakota | Senate | R 26–21 | Tossup | R 26–21 |
House of Representatives | R 61–33 | Likely R | R 58–36 | |
Ohio | Senate | R 21–12 | Likely R | R 21–12 |
House of Representatives | R 53–46 | Tossup | D 53–46 | |
Oklahoma | Senate | D 24–24 | Lean R (flip) | R 26–22 |
House of Representatives | R 57–44 | Likely R | R 61–40 | |
Oregon | State Senate | D 19–11 | Safe D | D 18–12 |
House of Representatives | D 31–29 | Likely D | D 36–24 | |
Pennsylvania | State Senate | R 29–21 | Safe R | R 30–20 |
House of Representatives | D 102–101 | Tossup | D 104–99 | |
Rhode Island | Senate | D 33–5 | Safe D | D 33–4–1 |
House of Representatives | D 60–15 | Safe D | D 69–6 | |
South Carolina | Senate | R 26–20 | Safe R | R 27–19 |
House of Representatives | R 73–51 | Safe R | R 73–51 | |
South Dakota | Senate | R 20–15 | Lean R | R 21–14 |
House of Representatives | R 50–20 | Safe R | R 46–24 | |
Tennessee | Senate | 16–16–1 [e] | Lean R (flip) | R 19–14 |
House of Representatives | D 53–46 | Lean D | R 50–49 | |
Texas | Senate | R 20–11 | Safe R | R 19–12 |
House of Representatives | R 81–69 | Lean R | R 76–74 | |
Utah | State Senate | R 21–8 | Safe R | R 21–8 |
House of Representatives | R 55–20 | Safe R | R 53–22 | |
Vermont | Senate | D 23–7 | Safe D | D 23–7 |
House of Representatives | D 93–49–6–2 | Safe D | D 94–48–5–3 | |
Washington | State Senate | D 32–17 | Safe D | D 31–18 |
House of Representatives | D 62–36 | Safe D | D 62–36 | |
West Virginia | Senate | D 23–11 | Safe D | D 26–8 |
House of Delegates | D 72–28 | Safe D | D 71–29 | |
Wisconsin | Senate | D 18–15 | Lean D | D 18–15 |
State Assembly | R 52–47 | Tossup | D 52–46–1 | |
Wyoming | Senate | R 23–7 | Safe R | R 23–7 |
House of Representatives | R 43–17 | Safe R | R 41–19 |
Democratic 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90–100% | Republican 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% | Tie 50% |
Democratic 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90–100% | Republican 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | Tie 50% |
All of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives and half of the Alaska Senate were up for election. The Democratic-led coalition maintained control of the Senate while Republicans maintained control of the House.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 9 | 10 | ![]() | |
Republican | 6 | 6 | ![]() | |
5 | 4 | |||
Total | 20 | 20 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 23 | 22 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 17 | 18 | ![]() | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
All of the seats of the Arizona Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 17 | 18 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 13 | 12 | ![]() | |
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 33 | 36 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 27 | 24 | ![]() | |
Total | 60 | 60 |
All of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives and half of the Arkansas Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 27 | 27 | ![]() | |
Republican | 8 | 8 | ![]() | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 72 | 71 | ![]() | |
Republican | 28 | 28 | ![]() | |
Green | 0 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
All of the seats of the California House of Representatives and half of the California Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 25 | 25 | ![]() | |
Republican | 15 | 15 | ![]() | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 48 | 50 | ![]() | |
Republican | 32 | 29 | ![]() | |
Independent | 0 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 80 | 80 |
All of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives and half of the Colorado Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 20 | 21 | ![]() | |
Republican | 15 | 14 | ![]() | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 39 | 38 | ![]() | |
Republican | 26 | 27 | ![]() | |
Total | 65 | 65 |
All of the seats of the Connecticut Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 23 | 24 | ![]() | |
Republican | 13 | 12 | ![]() | |
Total | 36 | 36 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 107 | 114 | ![]() | |
Republican | 44 | 37 | ![]() | |
Total | 151 | 151 |
All of the seats of the Delaware House of Representatives and half of the Delaware Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the Senate and won control of the House.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 13 | 16 | ![]() | |
Republican | 8 | 5 | ![]() | |
Total | 21 | 21 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 18 | 24 | ![]() | |
Republican | 23 | 17 | ![]() | |
Total | 41 | 41 |
All of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives and half of the Florida Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 26 | 26 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 14 | 14 | ![]() | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 77 | 76 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 43 | 44 | ![]() | |
Total | 120 | 120 |
All of the seats of the Georgia Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 34 | 34 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 22 | 22 | ![]() | |
Total | 56 | 56 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 106 | 105 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 74 | 74 | ![]() | |
Independent | 0 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 180 | 180 |
All of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives and half of the Hawaii Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 20 | 23 | ![]() | |
Republican | 5 | 2 | ![]() | |
Total | 25 | 25 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 43 | 45 | ![]() | |
Republican | 8 | 6 | ![]() | |
Total | 51 | 51 |
All of the seats of the Idaho Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 28 | 28 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 7 | 7 | ![]() | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 51 | 52 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 19 | 18 | ![]() | |
Total | 70 | 70 |
All of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives and 2/3rds of the Illinois Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 37 | 37 | ![]() | |
Republican | 22 | 22 | ![]() | |
Total | 59 | 59 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 67 | 70 | ![]() | |
Republican | 51 | 48 | ![]() | |
Total | 118 | 118 |
All of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives and half of the Indiana Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate while Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 33 | 33 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 17 | 17 | ![]() | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 51 | 52 | ![]() | |
Republican | 49 | 48 | ![]() | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
All of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives and half of the Iowa Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 30 | 32 | ![]() | |
Republican | 20 | 18 | ![]() | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 54 | 57 | ![]() | |
Republican | 46 | 43 | ![]() | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
All of the seats of the Kansas Senate and Kansas House of Representatives were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 30 | 31 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 10 | 9 | ![]() | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 78 | 77 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 47 | 48 | ![]() | |
Total | 125 | 125 |
All of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives and half of the Kentucky Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate and Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 22 | 21 | ![]() | |
Independent | 1 | 1 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 15 | 16 | ![]() | |
Total | 38 | 38 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 63 | 65 | ![]() | |
Republican | 37 | 35 | ![]() | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
All of the seats of the Maine Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 18 | 20 | ![]() | |
Republican | 17 | 15 | ![]() | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 90 | 95 | ![]() | |
Republican | 59 | 55 | ![]() | |
Independent | 2 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 151 | 151 |
All of the seats of the Massachusetts Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 35 | 35 | ![]() | |
Republican | 5 | 5 | ![]() | |
Total | 40 | 40 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 144 | 144 | ![]() | |
Republican | 15 | 15 | ![]() | |
Independent | 1 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 160 | 160 |
All of the seats of the Michigan House of Representatives were up for election; Democrats maintained control.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 58 | 67 | ![]() | |
Republican | 52 | 43 | ![]() | |
Total | 110 | 110 |
All of the seats of the Minnesota House of Representatives were up; Democrats maintained control.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (DFL) | 85 | 87 | ![]() | |
Republican | 48 | 47 | ![]() | |
Independent Republican | 1 | 0 | ![]() | |
Total | 134 | 134 |
All of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives and half of the Missouri Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 21 | 23 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 13 | 11 | ![]() | |
Total | 34 | 34 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 92 | 89 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 71 | 74 | ![]() | |
Total | 163 | 163 |
All of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives and half of the Montana Senate were up for election. Republicans flipped control of the Senate and Democrats flipped control of the House.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 24 | 27 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 26 | 23 | ![]() | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 49 | 50 [f] | ![]() | |
Republican | 50 | 50 | ![]() | |
Constitution | 1 | 0 | ![]() | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election. Nebraska is also unique in that its legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates. Republicans maintained control.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 30 | 31 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 17 | 18 | ![]() | |
Independent | 2 | 0 | ![]() | |
Total | 49 | 49 |
All of the seats of the Nevada House of Representatives and half of the Nevada Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the House and won control of the Senate.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 10 | 12 | ![]() | |
Republican | 11 | 9 | ![]() | |
Total | 21 | 21 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 27 | 28 | ![]() | |
Republican | 15 | 14 | ![]() | |
Total | 42 | 42 |
All of the seats of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and the New Hampshire Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 14 | 14 | ![]() | |
Republican | 10 | 10 | ![]() | |
Total | 24 | 24 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 239 | 225 | ![]() | |
Republican | 160 | 175 | ![]() | |
Independent | 1 | 0 | ![]() | |
Total | 400 | 400 |
All of the seats of the New Mexico Senate and the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 24 | 27 | ![]() | |
Republican | 18 | 15 | ![]() | |
Total | 42 | 42 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 42 | 45 | ![]() | |
Republican | 28 | 25 | ![]() | |
Total | 70 | 70 |
All of the seats of the New York Legislature were up for election. Democrats won control of the Senate and maintained control of the Assembly.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 30 | 32 | ![]() | |
Republican | 32 | 30 | ![]() | |
Total | 62 | 62 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 106 | 107 | ![]() | |
Republican | 42 | 41 | ![]() | |
Independence | 1 | 1 | ![]() | |
Working Families | 1 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 150 | 150 |
All of the seats of the North Carolina House of Representatives and half of the North Carolina Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 31 | 30 | ![]() | |
Republican | 19 | 20 | ![]() | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 68 | 68 | ![]() | |
Republican | 52 | 52 | ![]() | |
Total | 120 | 120 |
All of the seats of the North Dakota House of Representatives and half of the North Dakota Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 26 | 26 | ![]() | |
Democratic-NPL | 21 | 21 | ![]() | |
Total | 47 | 47 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 61 | 58 | ![]() | |
Democratic-NPL | 33 | 36 | ![]() | |
Total | 94 | 94 |
All of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives and half of the Ohio Senate were up for election. Democrats won control of the House of Representatives while Republicans maintained control of the Senate.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 21 | 21 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 12 | 12 | ![]() | |
Total | 33 | 33 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 46 | 53 | ![]() | |
Republican | 53 | 46 | ![]() | |
Total | 99 | 99 |
All of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives and half of the Oklahoma Senate were up for election. Republicans won control of the Senate and maintained control of the House.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 24 | 26 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 24 [f] | 22 | ![]() | |
Total | 48 | 48 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 57 | 61 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 44 | 40 | ![]() | |
Total | 101 | 101 |
All of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives and half of the Oregon Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 19 | 18 | ![]() | |
Republican | 11 | 12 | ![]() | |
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 31 | 36 | ![]() | |
Republican | 29 | 24 | ![]() | |
Total | 60 | 60 |
All of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and half of the Pennsylvania Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate while Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 29 | 30 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 21 | 20 | ![]() | |
Total | 50 | 50 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 102 | 104 | ![]() | |
Republican | 101 | 99 | ![]() | |
Total | 203 | 203 |
All of the seats of the Rhode Island Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 33 | 33 | ![]() | |
Republican | 5 | 4 | ![]() | |
Independent | 0 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 38 | 38 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 60 | 69 | ![]() | |
Republican | 15 | 6 | ![]() | |
Total | 75 | 75 |
All of the seats of the South Carolina legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 27 | 27 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 19 | 19 | ![]() | |
Total | 46 | 46 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 73 | 73 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 51 | 51 | ![]() | |
Total | 124 | 124 |
All of the seats of the South Dakota Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 20 | 21 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 15 | 14 | ![]() | |
Total | 35 | 35 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 50 | 46 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 20 | 24 | ![]() | |
Total | 70 | 70 |
All of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives and half of the Tennessee Senate were up for election. Republicans won control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 16 | 19 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 16 | 14 | ![]() | |
Independent | 1 | 0 | ![]() | |
Total | 33 | 33 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 46 | 50 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 53 | 49 | ![]() | |
Total | 99 | 99 |
All of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives and half of the Texas Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 20 | 19 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 11 | 12 | ![]() | |
Total | 31 | 31 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 79 | 76 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 71 | 74 | ![]() | |
Total | 150 | 150 |
All of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives and half of the Utah Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 21 | 21 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 8 | 8 | ![]() | |
Total | 29 | 29 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 55 | 53 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 20 | 22 | ![]() | |
Total | 75 | 75 |
All of the seats of the Vermont Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 23 | 23 | ![]() | |
Republican | 7 | 7 | ![]() | |
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 93 | 94 | ![]() | |
Republican | 49 | 48 | ![]() | |
Progressive | 6 | 5 | ![]() | |
Independent | 2 | 3 | ![]() | |
Total | 150 | 150 |
All of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives and half of the Washington Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 31 | 31 | ![]() | |
Republican | 18 | 18 | ![]() | |
Total | 49 | 49 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 63 | 62 | ![]() | |
Republican | 35 | 36 | ![]() | |
Total | 98 | 98 |
All of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates and half of the West Virginia Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 23 | 26 | ![]() | |
Republican | 11 | 8 | ![]() | |
Total | 34 | 34 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 72 | 71 | ![]() | |
Republican | 28 | 29 | ![]() | |
Total | 100 | 100 |
All of the seats of the Wisconsin Assembly and half of the Wisconsin Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the Senate and won control of the Assembly.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 18 | 18 | ![]() | |
Republican | 15 | 15 | ![]() | |
Total | 33 | 33 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 47 | 52 | ![]() | |
Republican | 51 | 46 | ![]() | |
Independent | 1 | 1 | ![]() | |
Total | 99 | 99 |
All of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives and half of the Wyoming Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 23 | 23 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 7 | 7 | ![]() | |
Total | 30 | 30 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | 43 | 41 | ![]() | |
Democratic | 17 | 19 | ![]() | |
Total | 60 | 60 |
All of the seats of the American Samoa Senate and the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election. Members of the Senate serve four-year terms, while members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.
All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of Guam were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Democrats retained control of the legislature.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 8 | 10 | ![]() | |
Republican | 7 | 5 | ![]() | |
Total | 15 | 15 |
All of the seats of the Senate of Puerto Rico and the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico are up for election. Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives both serve four-year terms. The New Progressive Party held control of both chambers.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Democratic | 11 | 9 | ![]() | |
New Progressive | 15 | 22 | ![]() | |
Puerto Rican Independence | 1 | 0 | ![]() | |
Total | 27 | 31 |
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Democratic | 18 | 17 | ![]() | |
New Progressive | 32 | 37 | ![]() | |
Puerto Rican Independence | 1 | 0 | ![]() | |
Total | 51 | 54 |
All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands were up for election. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term. Democrats retained control of the legislature.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 9 | 10 | ![]() | |
Independent | 6 | 5 | ![]() | |
Total | 15 | 15 |
The Council of the District of Columbia serves as the legislative branch of the federal district of Washington, D.C. Half of the council seats are up for election. Council members serve four-year terms. Democrats retained supermajority control of the council.
Party | Before | After | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | 11 | 11 | ![]() | |
Independent | 1 | 2 | ![]() | |
Total | 13 | 13 |
Political party strength in U.S. states is the level of representation of the various political parties in the United States in each statewide elective office providing legislators to the state and to the U.S. Congress and electing the executives at the state and national level.
The 2008 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008, during the war on terror and the onset of the Great Recession. It was considered a Democratic wave election, with Democratic Senator Barack Obama of Illinois defeating Senator John McCain of Arizona by a wide margin, and the Democrats bolstering their majorities in both chambers of Congress, thereby marking the first time since 1992 in which the Democrats won Congress and the presidency in one election.
The 2004 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004, during the early years of the war on terror and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Republican President George W. Bush won re-election and Republicans retained control of Congress.
The 2010 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010, in the middle of Democratic President Barack Obama's first term. Republicans ended unified Democratic control of Congress and the presidency by winning a majority in the House of Representatives and gained seats in the Senate despite Democrats holding Senate control.
The 2000 United States elections were held on November 7, 2000. Republican governor George W. Bush of Texas defeated Democratic Vice President Al Gore of Tennessee in the presidential election. Republicans retained control of both houses of Congress, giving the party unified control of Congress and the presidency for the first time since the 1954 elections.
The 2010 United States state legislative elections were held on November 2, 2010, halfway through President Barack Obama's first term in office. Elections were held for 88 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Kansas and New Mexico held elections for their lower, but not upper houses. Four territorial chambers in three territories and the District of Columbia were up as well.
The 2020 United States state legislative elections were held on November 3, 2020, for 86 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently-inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C. also held elections. The elections took place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.
The 2018 United States state legislative elections were held on November 6, 2018, for 87 state legislative chambers in 46 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 56 percent of all upper house seats and 92 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Additionally, six territorial chambers in four territories and the District of Columbia were up as well.
The 2022 United States state legislative elections were held on November 8, 2022, for 88 state legislative chambers in 46 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 56 percent of all upper house seats and 92 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Additionally, six territorial chambers were up in four territories and the District of Columbia. These midterm elections coincided with other state and local elections, including gubernatorial elections in multiple states.
Elections to state legislatures were held in 46 U.S. states in 2014 with a total of 6,049 seats up for election. Six territorial chambers were up in four territories and the District of Columbia.
The 2015 United States state legislative elections were held on November 3, 2015. Seven legislative chambers in four states held regularly scheduled elections. These off-year elections coincided with other state and local elections, including gubernatorial elections in three states.
The 2011 United States state legislative elections were held on November 8, 2011. Eight legislative chambers in four states held regularly scheduled elections. These off-year elections coincided with other state and local elections, including gubernatorial elections in four states.
The 2016 United States state legislative elections were held on November 8, 2016, for 86 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently-inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C. also held elections. The elections took place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.
The 2012 United States state legislative elections were held on November 6, 2012, for 86 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently-inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C. also held elections. The elections took place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.
Elections to state legislatures were held on November 6, 2007. Seven legislative chambers in four states held regularly-scheduled elections. These off-year elections coincided with other state and local elections, including gubernatorial elections in three states. Both chambers of the Northern Mariana Islands were up as well.
The 2006 United States state legislative elections were held on November 7, 2006, halfway through President George W. Bush's second term in office. This election was a wave elections in the United States election, and saw Democrats simultaneously reclaim both houses of Congress and pick up six governorships. Elections were held for 90 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Kansas, New Mexico, and South Carolina held elections for their lower, but not upper house. Four territorial chambers in three territories and the District of Columbia were up, including the newly created territorial legislature in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Elections to state legislatures were held on November 2, 2004, alongside other elections. Elections were held for 85 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, Alabama, Maryland, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Michigan and Minnesota held elections for their lower, but not upper houses. Six chambers in three territories and the District of Columbia were up as well.
The 2002 United States state legislative elections were held on November 5, 2002, halfway through President George W. Bush's first term in office. This was a unique election in which the incumbent Republican party performed surprisingly well for a midterm election. Elections were held for 91 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Three territorial chambers in two territories and the District of Columbia were up as well.
Elections to state legislatures were held on November 7, 2000, simultaneously with the 2000 United States presidential election. Elections were held for 86 legislative chambers in 44 states, simultaneous to those states' gubernatorial elections. Election occurred in both chambers of each state's legislature, except for Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia. Michigan held elections for the lower house. Six territorial chambers in four territories and the District of Columbia were up as well. These elections determined the redistricting process after the 2000 census.
The 2024 United States state legislative elections were held on November 5, 2024, for 85 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C., also held elections. The elections take place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.