Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece (from 2008)

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This is a timeline of the presence of Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece from 2008. The history of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people, the areas they ruled historically, as well as the territory now composing the modern state of Greece.

Third Hellenic Republic (from 2008)

Archbishop Ieronymos II of Athens, (from 2008). Archbishop Ieronymos II of Athens - declaration ceremony 2008Feb12.jpg
Archbishop Ieronymos II of Athens, (from 2008).
Distribution of Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe. OrthodoxyInEurope.png
Distribution of Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe.
The newly built Greek Orthodox Church of John the Baptist, at the Baptism Site of Christ. Jesus baptism site - River Jordan 015.jpg
The newly built Greek Orthodox Church of John the Baptist, at the Baptism Site of Christ.

See also

History

Church Fathers

Notes

  1. ↑ The town of Argos had launched a search for the remains of its own Saint Peter, who was a 10th-century local bishop, 17 years ago, the current bishop told AFP. "We had looked everywhere for the relics, in Venice and the Vatican, before we finally found them in a monastery chapel in Rome", bishop Iakovos said. The chapel belongs to a Spanish order of monks, whose prior Renato Salvatore had no objection to returning the relics. The remains of Saint Peter of Argos had been removed to Rome in the 15th century during the occupation of the Peloponnese by the Franks. [6]
  2. ↑ During the opening ceremony the Ambassadors of several Islamic states were present, along with a notable delegation of Imams related to the Muslim Brotherhood from across Europe and several Islamic NGO's from all over the world. The center has a 2.000 Sq. meters space and also serves as a prayer establishment, thus Athens already has a Mosque, albeit not officially known as such. [7]
  3. ↑ Over the past century, Greece has seen two other major exoduses, one between 1903 and 1917 and the other between 1960 and 1972. The difference between the first two and the current one is that in the 20th century, it was mostly unskilled workers and farmers that left while now educated professionals and young graduates are leading the exodus. [9]
  4. ↑ "Unlike NETS, LXX.D is the first German translation of the entire Septuagint...Another difference between NETS and LXX.D is posed by the fact that the latter is the product of a Bible society, in this case the German Bible Society (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft). As a result, the format and lay-out, the audience, the number of contributors and the general focus of LXX.D differs considerably from NETS. Whereas the latter addresses the scholarly world by means of a justification of the interlinear model, the former addresses members of German religious communities either with a Jewish, Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, or Lutheran background. Whereas NETS has been produced by a comparatively small team of some 32 translators, the list of contributors to LXX.D (pp. 1469–73) counts no less than 111 "Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter," including translators, correctors, editors, and specialists in Classical philology and Orthodox liturgy. LXX.D pays considerable attention to the reading of the Septuagint in the Orthodox churches. Furthermore, LXX.D has undergone a thorough editorial process resulting into an (almost) error-free publication. The headings, notes, and introductions greatly enhance the accessibility of the German translation." [21]
  5. ↑ The Ecumenical Patriarchate has filed more than two dozen cases with the ECHR to recover some of the thousands of properties it has lost.
  6. ↑ In May 2010 Turkey sent a letter to the patriarch authorizing the Divine Liturgy to be celebrated here once a year on 15 August, in a gradual loosening of restrictions on religious expression. The gesture appeared aimed at Turkey's own Greek Orthodox minority, thought today to number around 2,000 people. In a similar gesture to Turkey's Armenian minority, Ankara also authorized mass to be celebrated in September at the museum-church of Akdamar, in the eastern Van province. Turkey's government is seeking to improve the lot of ethnic and religious minorities in line with its bid to join the European Union. Activists say the change is too slow. A key Orthodox Christian demand is the reopening of the Theological School of Halki near Istanbul; [29]
  7. ↑ The mummified body of St. Simeon was taken from Jerusalem to Constantinople in the 13th century, and was apparently destined for Venice when a storm on the Adriatic Sea forced the ship off course toward what is now Croatia. The saint’s remains have been venerated in Zadar since that time. In 2007, during a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Archbishop Ivan Prenđa of Zadar met with the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Theophilus III of Jerusalem, and agreed to provide a relic of St. Simeon to be venerated in an Orthodox monastery dedicated to the saint. Archbishop Prendja died in January of this year [2010], but his successor, Archbishop Želimir Puljić, carried out his promise in a ceremony in Zadak, turning over the relic to representatives of the Orthodox patriarchate. [33]
  8. ↑ "C. Submissions of the third-party interveners"
    "1. The Governments of Armenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Russian Federation, Greece, Lithuania, Malta and the Republic of San Marino"
    "47. In their joint observations submitted at the hearing, the Governments of Armenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Russian Federation, Greece, Lithuania, Malta and the Republic of San Marino indicated that in their view the Chamber's reasoning had been based on a misunderstanding of the concept of "neutrality", which the Chamber had confused with "secularism". They pointed out that there was a huge diversity of Church-State arrangements in Europe and that more than half the population of Europe lived in non-secular States. They added that State symbols inevitably had a place in state education and that many of these had a religious origin, the Cross – which was both a national and a religious symbol – being the most visible example. In their view, in non-secular European States the presence of religious symbols in the public space was widely tolerated by the secular population as part of national identity. States should not have to divest themselves of part of their cultural identity simply because that identity was of religious origin. The position adopted by the Chamber was not an expression of the pluralism manifest in the Convention system, but an expression of the values of a secular State. To extend it to the whole of Europe would represent the "Americanisation" of Europe in that a single and unique rule and a rigid separation of Church and State would be binding on everyone.
    In their submission, favouring secularism was a political position that, whilst respectable, was not neutral. Accordingly, in the educational sphere a State that supported the secular as opposed to the religious was not being neutral. Similarly, removing crucifixes from classrooms where they had always been would not be devoid of educational consequences. In reality, whether the State opted to allow or prohibit the presence of crucifixes in classrooms, the important factor was the degree to which the curriculum contextualised and taught children tolerance and pluralism.
    The intervening Governments acknowledged that there might be circumstances where the arrangements by the State were unacceptable. The burden of proof should remain on the individual, however, and the Court should intervene only in extreme cases." [34]
  9. ↑ "The newly aggressive atheism promoted by the likes of Professor Richard Dawkins (like Sir Julius (Huxley), an evolutionary biologist) and the National Secular Society makes the mistake of thinking that freedom of religion and freedom from religion require secularism. But they are not the same thing; secularism is optional, but freedom to practise any religion, or none, is a human right (something the European Court of Human Rights upheld, incidentally, in the case of Lautsi v. Italy last year). Whether or not one is religious, these tiresome attempts to marginalise Christianity ought to be resisted." [37]
  10. ↑ Metropolitan Paisios of Leros and Kalymnos was immediately notified of this and came to the church to see for himself. He told the people that God sends these signs in order to draw His people closer to Him. Thousands of clergy and faithful have come to the church to see this miracle in the middle of Great Lent. It was originally seen by women who were in the church chanting the lamentations to the Virgin Mary. When the image appeared the oil candle above the icon began to move, though the others stood still. [38]
  11. ↑ The declaration affirms the illegitimacy of the doctrine of collective Jewish guilt for the deicide of Jesus. It was the first time an Orthodox church has explicitly repudiated this doctrine, which was one of the most important factors in the development of religious anti-Semitism in Europe.
  12. ↑ "Man, and the European citizen in particular, cannot be seen by the managers of the economic crisis as an accounting figure. It would be a scandal if European leaders did not take the cries of simple citizens into account and if these very citizens of Europe were threatened like expendable products. The result of all this is the increase of agony, of despair, of the shrinking of national sovereignty, of the splitting of the family, of the complete isolation of the most vulnerable social groups (the disabled, immigrants, senior citizens, etc.), the spread of fear and eventually the creation of a society with no moral rules. As a Church, we cannot accept this social model. We cannot accept the alteration of our European acquis by the adoption of the rules of impersonal financial markets and credit rating agencies. This situation is leading us to the utter shattering of social cohesion by excluding any form of convergence towards the European vision of our founding fathers." [46]
  13. ↑ The subcommittee also heard the demands of Turkey's Assyrian Christian community, represented by Kuryakos Ergün, the head of the Syriac Mor Gabriel Monastery Foundation.
  14. ↑ The church said the ostensible drop was recorded because this year's survey did not make it mandatory for respondents to state their religion. [50]
  15. ↑ The relics were translated to Moscow on 11 June 2012, and were given to Archbishop Arseniy of Istra, who took them to the Zachatievsky monastery (Conception Convent), where they were put up for veneration. [51]
  16. ↑ "We Greeks are experiencing a peculiar war. I feel we are under occupation, our sovereignty is on the wane and we are the victims of all-out usury," Ieronymos said in an interview with Skai Television. [52]
  17. ↑ The law prohibits offenses against "religious peace," including blasphemy and religious insult. Blasphemy cases can be brought before civil and criminal courts, and in some cases civil courts issue orders to prevent the presentation of art or media deemed blasphemous in advance of their public release. The law also allows any prosecutor to order the seizure of publications that offend Christianity or any other religion. In this case, an Athens prosecutor pressed charges, but no trial date was set. The theater cancelled performances of the play a few days after its October premiere due to violent protests by some Greek Orthodox priests and Golden Dawn supporters. Several Golden Dawn members of parliament blocked the entrance of the theater and clashed with police on opening night. [53]
  18. ↑ "Orthodox Christianity goes to the heart of what it means to be Greek and the Bishop here, Seraphim, says his nation must preserve its identity. "Greece suffered five centuries of Islamic tyranny under Turkish rule and building a mosque would offend the martyrs who freed us," he says..."We are not a multicultural country,...we are one Greek nation and everything else is an invention of the 'new order' and of Zionism. They are trying to corrupt our character." " [56]
  19. ↑ "We are always by your side, I think of Greek people every day," said Kirill I of Moscow, who is paying an official visit to Greece, the first such visit of a Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church in 21 years. [60] On Monday 3 June Patriarch Kirill had Greece's highest honor confirmed on him, receiving the medal of the Grand Cross of the Order of Honour from Greek President Karolos Papoulias. [61]
  20. ↑ (in Greek) "Ἰδιαιτέρως πρέπει νά τονισθεῖ ὅτι πηγή καί μήτρα τοῦ Οἰκουμενισμοῦ τυγχάνει ἡ Μασωνία, πού προωθεῖ δι’ αὐτοῦ τήν παγκόσμια θρησκεία τοῦ Ἐωσφορισμοῦ, ὅπως καί τῆς Μασωνίας πηγή καί μήτρα εἶναι ὁ φρικώδης διεθνής Σιωνισμός. Ὑπάρχει ἕνα προκαθορισμένο σχέδιο ἑνώσεως, πού ὁδηγεῖ στήν διαμυστηριακή κοινωνία (intercommunion) πασῶν τῶν αἱρέσεων καί τῶν θρησκειῶν, στήν ἐπιβολή τῆς πανθρησκείας καί τό ὁποῖο ἀποτελεῖται ἀπό τρεῖς φάσεις. Ἡ πρώτη φάση τοῦ σχεδίου ἑνώσεως εἶναι ἡ ἕνωση ὅλων τῶν χριστιανικῶν ὁμολογιῶν, δηλ. ὁ διαχριστιανικός οἰκουμενισμός. Ἡ δεύτερη φάση εἶναι ἡ ἕνωση ὅλων τῶν θρησκειῶν, δηλ. ὁ διαθρησκειακός οἰκουμενισμός καί ἡ τρίτη φάση εἶναι ἡ ἕνωση ὅλων τῶν ὁμολογιῶν καί τῶν θρησκειῶν, δηλ. ἡ ἐπιβολή τῆς πανθρησκείας, μέ ἀρχηγό τόν αἱρεσιάρχη Πάπα τῆς Ρώμης, ὁ ὁποῖος θά παραδώσει τήν παγκόσμια ἐξουσία στόν Ἀντίχριστο." [64]
  21. ↑ Greece's Orthodox church objected to scrapping the Sunday holiday, saying this day should be strictly reserved for rest and religious duties. "Sunday is dedicated to God. Sunday should be a holiday to give Christians the chance to worship their God and rest after a week-long labour," the Holy Synod, the Greek church's governing body has said. [68] Under the new law, shops of up to 250 square meters could open seven Sundays a year – during Christmas, Easter and sales periods. Under certain location criteria local administration heads can extend the number to a total of 53 Sundays especially for tourist areas. [67]
  22. ↑ Meletios of Ypseni (in Rhodes), also known as Meletios of Lardos.
  23. ↑ "The order in diptychs has been changing in history. In the first millennium of church history, the primacy of honour used to belong to the chair of Rome. After the Eucharistic community between Rome and Constantinople was broken in the mid-11th century, primacy in the Orthodox Church went to the next chair in the diptych order, namely, to that of Constantinople. Since that time up to the present, the primacy of honour in the Orthodox Church on the universal level has belonged to the Patriarch of Constantinople as the first among equal Primates of Local Orthodox Churches." [75]
  24. ↑ It is the first time the relics left Greece in more than 500 years.[ citation needed ]
  25. ↑ (in Greek) "Τα Δώρα των Μάγων είναι ένα από τα λίγα κειμήλια, που συνδέονται με την επίγεια παρουσία του Χριστού και σχεδόν το μόνο που αφορά τη Γέννησή Του. Τα δώρα μετέφερε στη Ρωσία ο Καθηγούμενος της Ιεράς Μονής Αγίου Παύλου του Αγίου Όρους, Αρχιμ. Παρθένιος με μοναχούς της Μονής. Ο Ηγούμενος Παρθένιος παρέδωσε στον Πατριάρχη το ειδικό κιβώριο, το οποίο στη συνέχεια ο Πατριάρχης Κύριλλος τοποθέτησε στο κέντρο του Καθεδρικού Ναού." [76]
  26. ↑ Nikolaos Sotiropoulos was born on 15 April 1934 in Palaiopirgos, in the Nafpaktia region of Greece. He received his degrees from the University of Athens as a Professor of Theology and Professor of Literature, with honors. He became the student and spiritual son of Metropolitan Augoustinos Kantiotes (1907–2010), the Bishop of the Holy Metropolis of Florina, Prespai, and Eordaia in northern Greece, and a defender of traditional Orthodoxy both in Greece and abroad. Sotiropoulos published many volumes, including Interpretation of the New Testament (ΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ ΚΑΙΝΗΣ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗΣ), and Interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles (ΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΑΞΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ), as well as many others. He was a founder and director of the Orthodox missionary brotherhood "The Cross" ("O Stavros") for many years (which assumed the form of a brotherhood in 1966). He also went on speaking tours to address Hellenic communities throughout Europe, America, Canada and Australia. He was excommunicated for the rest of his life by the Holy Synod of Constantinople in July 1993, for openly criticizing Archbishop Stylianos (Harkianakis) of Australia in 1988, and for his "divisive" behaviour. [84] [85] He died on 28 August 2014 in Patras. He was unmarried and did not have any direct descendants. His funeral was held on 29 August 2014, at the Monastery of the Entrance of the Virgin Mary, in the village of Myrtia in Aetolia-Acarnania, in the presence of the Bishops of Aetolia and Acarnania (Kosmas Papachristou), Piraeus (Seraphim Mentzenopoulos), Gortynos (Ieremias Foundas), and others.
  27. ↑ "The incineration of the body is not in keeping with the traditions and actions of the Church, for anthropological and theological reasons," the Church said in a statement. Cremation was only made legal in Greece in 2006 and there is still nowhere it can be carried out in the country.
  28. ↑ While he attended an extraordinary session of the Synod of the Church of Greece, His Beatitude and the accompanying delegation examined with their brothers how to make shared cooperation between the two sister churches effective at the pastoral, theological and social levels. The two sides also agreed on the necessity of proper preparation for the Great and Holy Council that is to be held in the city of Istanbul (Constantinople) in 2016. And concern for the Christians of the Middle East, especially the children of the See of Antioch in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq was raised with His Excellency the President of Greece, the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister.
  29. ↑ "Divided Church" Ecclesiology, or the so-called "Branch Theory" was condemned at the Jubilee Council of 2000 of the Church of Russia. This echoed the anathema of ecumenism of the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1983. [95]
  30. ↑ Andrew of Dryinoupolis, Seraphim of Piraeus, Paul of Glyfada, Seraphim of Kythira, Kosmas of Aetolia and Akarnanias, and Jeremiah of Gortynos.
  31. ↑ "An 'Ecumenical Doxology' was held at the Ecumenical Patriarch’s church in Istanbul that evening, at which, Pope Francis was accorded honours as a bishop in being received with Bartholomew at the doors of the church. During 'Ecumenical Doxology', Pope Francis was commemorated officially as "Pope", with Bartholomew commemorated immediately after. It is standard practice for the Ecumenical Patriarchate to commemorate the heretical Vatican leader upon his visit, for example, during the 2009 visit of Benedict to the Phanar, the same happened. Orthodox theology prohibits such commemorations, but, Patriarch Bartholomew has been well-known to be liberal and modernistic on many such issues." [98]
  32. ↑ "I ask a favour: bless me and the Church of Rome," Francis said, before turning to Patriarch Bartholomew and bowing.
  33. ↑ The sacred relics of Saint Barbara were originally kept in Constantinople, and were transferred to Venice in 1003 during the reign of Doge Pietro II Orseolo, when Basil II was Emperor. They were brought to Venice from Constantinople by Maria Argyra (or Maria Argyropoula), who was regarded as one of the sisters of Emperor Romanos III Argyros (based on her last name), after she married the son of the Doge, Giovanni. [108] Originally at Saint Mark’s in Venice, the relics were transferred to a church in Torcello, before being brought to Saint Martin on the island of Murano.
  34. ↑ On 9 June 2015 the European Union urged its 28 nations to swiftly endorse its two-year plan to relocate 40,000 Syrian and Eritrean migrants, as 1,000 more migrants arrived in Greece in just one day. Greek authorities said that more than 1,000 people had entered the country by sea, bringing its five-month total to about 50,000 — well above the number who arrived in Greece for all of 2014. [110] Of the 40,000 migrants, the Commission proposed that 24,000 people be redistributed from Italy and 16,000 from Greece. [111] The Commission announced its redistribution plan – European Agenda on Migration – on 13 May 2015, as a part of a wider response to the Mediterranean crisis, providing for the acceptance of up to 20,000 refugees a year and an automatic redistribution program for migrants overcrowding southern European states. [112]
  35. ↑ As for the bill that foresees extending the cohabitation pact to include same-sex couples, Ieronymos also asked whether the state was planning to pave the way for provisions for "the homosexual family." [115]
  36. ↑ Abp. Atallah Hanna subsequently responded to this document, categorically stating that he never requested or received Saudi funding and that this document may be due to financial fraud on the part of someone at the embassy. Yet he is known as an adamant Arabist who stresses an Arabocentric Palestinian identity and promotes the Arabization of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem over its historic Rûm identity.
  37. ↑ "Thus, Unia should not be regarded as a jurisdictional difference and a mere anti-canonical intervention in the Orthodox East by the Vatican. It is the instrument of a secular – political authority, which is focused on expansionism and increasing its influence. As for today's coincidence, which has united ALL the Orthodox in the confronting of the Papist advance with Unia as its vehicle, it is a true, God-sent opportunity to re-examine the problem of the essence (of the ecclesiasticity, that is) of the «Latin Church»-Vatican, so that the theological Dialogue (if the Vatican continues to desire it) might be evaluated anew." [120]
  38. ↑ "The recent incident regarding religious education classes is the tip of the iceberg, I’m afraid. It seems that our European friends — taking advantage of our dire economic situation and in light of changing the economic relations between us — will seek by all means to alter Greek society starting with our schools," Ieronymos said, addressing the Annual Conference of the Holy Synod. "The tragic thing is that our enemies are no longer far away. They are inside our walls. We can see it," he said. The Archbishop referred to the reforms required by Greece’s creditors as part of the bailout agreement. He said that the Greek government has committed to a series of reforms and measures that are imposed by international creditors in order to "devalue Greek history and our traditions, tear down the institution of family, enforce perverted ideas, further degrade our language and show obvious contempt for centuries of our great civilization, our homeland, our faith." [124]
  39. ↑ The new agreed Common Statement was presented by the chairmen of the International Commission for Anglican-Orthodox Theological Dialogue, Metr. Kallistos of Diocleia and the Abp. of Perth, Western Australia Roger Herft. [126] ICAOTD members said that the agreement will form the basis for future discussions and ongoing study in areas such as bioethics and the sanctity of life, as well as human rights and ecological justice. [127]
  40. ↑ Various hierarchs made statements in reference to the recent Anti-Racism Law and the recognition of same-sex unions in Greece: [131]
    • Metropolitan Ignatios of Larisa and Tyrnavos: "Sin is being officially legalized in our country… Homosexuality is an abominable sin which leads people to inevitable spiritual death… The politicians are following the stench coming from the "civilized" countries which before us recognized that black is white, that bitter is sweet, and that unlawful is lawful… Thus, "Let us attend". "Let us lift up our hearts". This is Orthodox Greece. This is our treasure. They envy us and intend to take this treasure from us. Let us not fall into this trap! Let us not be traitors!"
    • Metropolitan Pavlos of Sisanion and Siatista: "Perhaps it is time to close our doors before those 'politicians', who visit us allegedly for respect, but in reality for populist purposes? Does someone sincerely believe that the Church can betray its eternal values and adapt itself to the momentary needs of each historical epoch? The undeniable right of the Church is to bear witness to the truth. And homosexuality is inconsistent with Church life. Gentlemen of the government! Perhaps tomorrow you are going to demand that the Church accepts bestiality and pedophilia? Some expect that as soon as 'the Free Cohabitation Law' is adopted, you will be forced to legalize pedophilia. Europe will put pressure upon you. And you are ready to do anything. Do you really think that we will ever agree with this?"
    • Metropolitan Seraphim of Piraeus: "Adoption of the new law is officially opening the page of state persecutions against our faith . The politicians shamelessly refer to the European consensus concerning legalization of sodomy, but they conceal the fact that post-Christian Europe has become Sodom and Gomorrah. The persecutions are approaching. We will be threatened, we will be reviled, we will probably be imprisoned and murdered. But we must remain faithful even unto death. We ought to obey God rather than men (Acts 5:29), remembering that In the world ye shall have tribulation (Jn 16:33), because the world hateth you, for the Lord has chosen you out of the world (Jn 15:18–19). And we should not forget the words: And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul (Mt 10:28). On behalf of the Holy Metropolis of Piraeus we officially announce to all the politicians who will vote for legalization of the moral insanity, that all contact with them will be stopped."
  41. ↑ Chief Scientific Supervisor Professor Antonia Moropoulou directed the team of scientists from the National Technical University of Athens on the project to restore the Aedicule of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. [133] [135]
  42. ↑ In 1968 and 1970, St John’s book SPIRITUAL NOURISHMENT was published in two volumes, with the blessing of Patriarch Benedict of Jerusalem. St John Jacob was glorified by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1992. The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem placed his feast day on 28 July , the date of the translation of his holy relics.
  43. ↑ In addressing representatives of the Holy Kinot, Athos' high governing council, Putin noted that Russia’s ties with Holy Mount Athos and Greece in general will continue to strengthen:
    • "I am confident that relations between Russia and the Holy Mount Athos, and Greece as a whole, will only strengthen, while the spiritual relationship and trust will continue to determine the nature of our traditionally close and friendly relations," Putin said.[ citation needed ]
    Russia and Greece celebrated 2016 as a cross-cultural year, marking the millennial anniversary since the first Russian settlement on the Holy Mount Athos.[ citation needed ]
  44. ↑ "The Greek Penal Code currently states that "One who publicly and maliciously and by any means blasphemes God shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years". It also punishes anyone who "displays publicly with blasphemy a lack of respect for things divine". This 'crime' can be punished by a prison term up to 3 months in length... ...The signatories to the letter told the Greek Ministry of Justice:..."We now urge you to see to it that the government promptly tables before Parliament the abolition of the two blasphemy articles 198 and 199 from Greece's Criminal Code and that prosecutors or courts drop all related charges pending before them," the letter said." [140]
  45. ↑ The Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy (I.A.O.) is an interparliamentary body, set up upon the initiative of the Hellenic Parliament. [142] It is the only international organization that brings together the legislative bodies of Orthodox countries. The assembly’s July 2016 meeting took place one week after the closing of the Council of Crete. On the agenda were issues related to the Crete council’s activities and related illegitimate attempts to establish control over all local churches. Attention was also paid to the fight against the modern hedonistic ideology of the West, and on assistance to Christians in the Middle East suffering from persecution.[ citation needed ]
  46. ↑ At their head was Elder Gabriel of the Kelli of St. Christodoulos (Holy Monastery of Koutloumousiou), a disciple of Saint Paisios. The Athonite Fathers briefly listed 12 points of divergence of the Cretan Council from Orthodox Tradition and Faith. They also stated that 100 years of extreme oikonomia and tolerance of the ecumenist, latinizing, unionist Patriarchs and bishops has brought about a terrible erosion of faith and fed heretical deviations. [143]
  47. ↑ The delegation consisted of:
    • Archpriest and Professor Emeritus of Patrology of the Theological School of the University of Thessaloniki, Fr. Theodore Zisis;
    • Professor of Dogmatic Theology in the Department of Theology of the Theological School of the University of Thessaloniki, Demetrios Tselengidis;
    • Protopresbyter and Rector of the Parish of St. Nicholas of the Diocese of Patra, Fr. Anastasios Gotsopoulos;
    • Protopresbyter and Rector of the Parish of the Prophet Elias, Petrokerasa, in the Diocese of Ierissou and Agion Oros, Fr. Peter Heers;
    • Protopresbyter and Rector of the Parish of All-Holy Directress, Bokos Hill, in the Diocese of Peiraeus, Fr. Matthew Vulcanescu. [144]
  48. ↑ See: (in Russian) Иеремия (Алёхин) . Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).
  49. ↑ Archbishop Ieronymos said that there are "some who do not love their country and want to de-Hellenize it, and some who don’t love the Church and want to de-Christianize it." [149]
  50. ↑ "'The parties of the Left with their known communist worldview – as experienced before the collapse of socialism in the eastern bloc, when in essence religious faith was persecuted – are driven by failed atheistic ideologies and meet with the neoliberal parties under the directives of the new era and the new order. The talk of Church-State separation is supposedly a progressive slogan. These perceptions, however, belong to the previous century, born under a bigoted, anti-religious and anti-church populist spirit that is incompatible with today’s beliefs about the state and religion,' the Archbishop said." [153]
  51. ↑ According to the General Secretariat of Religious Affairs report, there are 9,146 parish churches and 646 monastery churches. They fall within the jurisdiction of the 82 Dioceses of the Church of Greece, of 9 Dioceses of the Church of Crete, 5 Dioceses of the Ecclesiastical Provinces of Dodecanese and the Patriarchal Exarchate of Patmos… …The report also says that there are numerous Christian churches preserved from the Byzantine period (330–1453), many of them built on top of ancient Greek temples and shrines, in order to purify each area from its pagan past… …Overall, there are 350 Christian places of worship which constitute cultural monuments and they are protected as such. [159]
  52. ↑ "The judgement in the "Jaffa Gate" case against the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, which we regard as unjust, as well as a proposed bill in the Knesset which is politically motivated that would restrict the rights of the Churches over our own property, are further assaults on the rights that the Status Quo has always guaranteed." The statement was signed by The Patriarchs and Heads of Churches in Jerusalem as follows:
  53. ↑ "The bill "On the Legal Recognition of Gender Identity" passed with 171 out of 300 deputies voting in favor of it, despite the fact that a recent survey showed that 71.7% of Greeks are against the possibility of minors changing their gender." [170] Church bells were rung "in mourning" across the Greek Metropolis of Kalavryta, to protest the passing of the law making it easier for people to officially change their gender. [171] [172]
  54. ↑ The feast day of Venerable Iakovos (Tsalikis) of Euboea, The New Ascetic was set on 22 November each year:
    • (in Greek) "Κατ᾿ αὐτήν, ἡ Ἁγία καί Ἱερά Σύνοδος ὁμοφώνως ἀποδεχθεῖσα εἰσήγησιν τῆς Κανονικῆς Ἐπιτροπῆς ἀνέγραψεν εἰς τό Ἁγιολόγιον τῆς Ὀρθοδόξου Ἐκκλησίας τόν μακαριστόν Ἀρχιμανδρίτην Ἰάκωβον Τσαλίκην, ἐκ Λιβισίου Μικρᾶς Ἀσίας, Ἡγούμενον τῆς ἐν Β. Εὐβοίᾳ Ἱερᾶς Μονῆς Ὁσίου Δαυΐβ τοῦ Γέροντος, τῆς μνήμης αὐτοῦ ὁρισθείσης διά τήν 22αν Νοεμβρίου ἑκάστου ἔτους." [175]
  55. ↑ "According to the tradition of the Gospel and the Church, this area is thought to have been the exact baptism site of our Lord Jesus Christ by St. John the Forerunner and Baptist, as well as the crossing point of the river Jordan by the Israelites when they were led by Joshua and saved from their enemies. It is also believed that the cave where St. John the Baptist lived was preserved nearby during the first Christian years." [178]
  56. ↑ In 1978 the Orthodox Monastère Orthodoxe Saint-Antoine-le-Grand ( ru ) was founded in Saint-Laurent-en-Royans in southeastern France, with the blessing of Metr. Meletios (Karabinis) of France and Schema-Archimadrite Aimilianos (Vafeidis) of Simonopetra Monastery. And in 1991 the Monastère de Solan ( fr ) was founded in La Bastide-d'Engras in southern France.
  57. ↑ A few days later, on 27 February 2018, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was re-opened after an intervention by Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who announced in a statement that it was suspending the tax collection and freezing the legislation until a newly formed committee — to be headed by Regional Cooperation Minister Tzachi Hanegbi — could resolve the issues with the churches. The Church leaders in charge of the Holy Sepulchre — Theophilos III, Francesco Patton and Nourhan Manougian — issued a statement to "give thanks to God" for the statement released by the government of Israel and offer gratitude to all those who have worked tirelessly to uphold the Christian presence in Jerusalem and to defend the 'Status Quo' . [187] [188] [189]
  58. ↑ An unnamed hierarch of the Patriarchate of Constantinople told the Romfea news agency, "Unfortunately, the Buglarians show that they have no Church consciousness". [190]
    The Archbishopric of Ohrid , headed by Archbishop Jovan (Vraniskovski) is the legitimate canonical Church in Macedonia, and this is acknowledged even by the European Court of Human Rights. [191] Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov also warned against involving Orthodox Churches in political games, stating "we all see how attempts are being made to involve Churches in political games in Ukraine, in Montenegro, or in Macedonia," he said. [192]
  59. ↑ The Synod approved the request of the Panhellenic Physiotherapists’ Association to take the Hieromartyr St. Therapont of Cyprus as its patron; and the request of the Hellenic Society of Rheumatology to take St. Gregory the Theologian as its patron saint.
  60. ↑ The hierarchs who took part in the consultation adopted a joint statement which reads in particular, "The Patriarchate of Constantinople refuted the information that the canonical mechanism of overcoming the schism in the Ukrainian Orthodoxy had already been agreed upon and the text of the Tomos of Autocephaly of the Ukrainian Church had been drafted. It also proved to be wrong that the unilateral granting of autocephaly to the Ukrainian Church could take place in the nearest future or within some fixed period." Noted in the document is the readiness of the Patriarchate of Constantinople "to join the process of overcoming the Ukrainian church schism in consultation with the fraternal Local Orthodox Churches." [200]
  61. ↑ He was glorified by the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople on 29 August 2018:
    (in Greek) α) Εἰσηγήσει τῆς Κανονικῆς Ἐπιτροπῆς συμπεριελήφθη εἰς τό Ἁγιολόγιον τῆς Ὀρθοδόξου Ἐκκλησίας ὁ ἐν Πάτμῳ ἀσκήσας καί ἀναπτύξας μέγα πνευματικόν καί κοινωφελές ἔργον ἐν Δωδεκανήσῳ, Κρήτῃ καί ἀλλαχοῦ Ἀρχιμανδρίτης Ἀμφιλόχιος Μακρῆς, διατελέσας Ἡγούμενος τῆς ἱστορικῆς Ἱερᾶς Μονῆς Ἁγίου Ἰωάννου τοῦ Θεολόγου καί Πατριαρχικός Ἔξαρχος Πάτμου, ὅστις καί ἵδρυσε τήν ἐν τῇ Νήσῳ γυναικείαν Ἱεράν Μονήν Εὐαγγελισμοῦ Μητρός Ἠγαπημένου. [204]
  62. ↑ "'From now on till the Patriarchate of Constantinople abandons its anti-canonical decisions, it is impossible for all the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church to concelebrate with the clergy of the Church of Constantinople, and for the laity to participate in sacraments administered in its churches', the document states." [207]
  63. ↑ (in Polish) "II. Święty Sobór Biskupów zabrania duchownym Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego wchodzenia w liturgiczno – modlitewne kontakty z „duchownymi" tzw. „Patriarchatu Kijowskiego" i tzw. „Autokefalicznej Cerkwi", które w dotychczasowych działaniach uczyniły wiele zła"." [211]
  64. ↑ Other Synods of Bishops expressed their complete support of the position taken by the Patriarchate of Moscow:
    • the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) at its session on 18 October 2018, in New York, severed Eucharistic intercommunion with the Church of Constantinople, "until this ancient and once-glorious sister Church repents from its introduction of false and alien teachings about primacy and universal authority, contrary to the ancient Orthodox Faith, and ceases from its lawless actions"; [208]
    • the Council of Bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP) at its session on 13 November 2018, in the Holy Dormition Kiev-Caves Lavra, resolved that "the Eucharistic communion between the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the Patriarchate of Constantinople is currently impossible and is broken off"; [209]
    • the Holy Council of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church at its session of 6–7 November 2018 resolved that the "decision of the Synod of Constantinople [is] non-binding for the Serbian Orthodox Church", and that "the Assembly does not recognize the mentioned individuals Filaret Denysenko and Makary Maletich} nor their followers as Orthodox bishops or clergy and, consequently, does not accept liturgical and canonical union with them or their supporters." [210]
    • the Council of Bishops of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church in an official statement on 15 November 2018, "forbade the priests of the Polish Orthodox Church from having liturgical and prayerful contact with the 'clergy' of the so-called Kiev Patriarchate and the so-called 'Autocephalous Orthodox Church,' which have committed much evil in the past"; [211] [note 63]
    • the Synod of Bishops of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) at its Fall Session held on 23–25 October 2018, determined "to continue to recognize and support Metropolitan Onufry as the canonical head and Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church" and "to withhold, with several of our sister Churches, recognition of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine." [212]
    • an extraordinary session of the Synod of the Church of Cyprus on 18 February 2019 issued a statement neither explicitly condemning the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), nor recognizing it, also expecting the Patriarchate of Constantinople to hold a pan-Orthodox council or a Synaxis of the Primates to handle the issue. [213] [214]
  65. ↑ Metropolitan Seraphim of Piraeus remarked that "this agreement is a way of marginalizing the Church. Mathematically, the Church will lose its status as a legal person governed by public law and become a private matter – this is the aim. This is the privatization of the Church." [219]
  66. ↑ "In the modern era, disestablishments have taken place in Switzerland in 1948, Portugal in 1976, Spain in 1978, Paraguay in 1992, Sweden in 2000, and Bolivia in 2009. In 2017, the Church of Norway lost some of the trappings of establishment, while retaining direct funding by the state." [217]
  67. ↑ He reposed on Saturday 7 December 2019 at about 9:00pm [224] or 10:00pm [223] (MST) at St. Anthony’s Monastery in Florence, which he founded in 1995. Archbishop Elpidophoros of America co-officiated at the funeral service for Elder Ephraim on 11 December, along with Metropolitans Alexios of Atlanta, Gerasimos of San Francisco and Isaiah of Denver. The Abbot of the Monastery of Philotheou, Elder Nikodimos, and several other Athonite fathers were also in attendance. [225]
  68. ↑ "As a living art that has existed for more than 2000 years, the Byzantine chant is a significant cultural tradition and comprehensive music system forming part of the common musical traditions that developed in the Byzantine Empire. Highlighting and musically enhancing the liturgical texts of the Greek Orthodox Church, it is inextricably linked with spiritual life and religious worship. This vocal art is mainly focused on rendering the ecclesiastical text; arguably, the chant exists because of the word (‘logos’), since every aspect of the tradition serves to spread the sacred message. Passed on aurally across the generations, its main characteristics have remained over the centuries: it is exclusively vocal music; it is essentially monophonic; the chants are codified into an eight-mode or eight-tone system; and the chant employs different styles of rhythm to accentuate the desired syllables of specific words." [227]
  69. ↑ (in Greek) "Η Ιερά Σύνοδος λαβούσα υπ’ όψη της τα εσχάτως ανακύψαντα επί του θέματος των εκτρώσεων και βασιζομένη επί της αγίας Γραφής και της Ιεράς Παραδόσεως της Ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας του Χριστού εκφράζει την θεολογικήν αυτής θέσιν περί του εμβρύου ως πλήρους και ακεραίου ανθρώπου από της στιγμής της συλλήψεώς του γι’ αυτό και θεωρεί την εκουσία έκτρωση ως φόνο και δεν την αποδέχεται." [228]
  70. ↑ (in Greek) "α) Εξ αφορμής της συστάσεως υπό διαφόρων φορέων και μέσων μαζικής ενημερώσεως, «της τεχνικής της Γιόγκα» ως τρόπου αντιμετωπίσεως του άγχους, κατά την περίοδο της πανδημίας του Covid-19, λαβούσα υπ’ όψιν το από 16ης Ιουνίου 2015 Δελτίο Τύπου της Ιεράς Συνόδου της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος, περί «της τεχνικής της Γιόγκα» και στο πλαίσιο του σεβασμού της θρησκευτικής ελευθερίας, η οποία στη Χώρα μας είναι συνταγματικώς κατωχυρωμένη και σεβαστή, αλλά και της ποιμαντικής ευθύνης Αυτής για την αποφυγή δημιουργίας κλίματος θρησκευτικού συγκρητισμού, ομοφώνως απεφάσισε να υπενθυμίσει στο χριστεπώνυμο Πλήρωμα ότι η «Γιόγκα» αποτελεί θεμελιώδες κεφάλαιο της θρησκείας του Ινδουϊσμού, διαθέτει ποικιλομορφία σχολών, κλάδων, εφαρμογών και τάσεων και δεν αποτελεί «είδος γυμναστικής»." [229]
  71. ↑ (in Greek) "γ) Απεφάσισε να συστήσει δι’ Εγκυκλίου Σημειώματος στους Σεβ. Μητροπολίτες και τον Ιερό Κλήρο της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος να απέχουν από κάθε εκδήλωση που διοργανώνεται από τις οργανώσεις Rotary και Lions, επειδή δεν περιορίζονται μόνον σε κοινωνικές εκδηλώσεις, αλλά επεκτείνονται και σε πράξεις θρησκευτικού χαρακτήρα, καθ’ όσον διαθέτουν τυπικό τελετουργίας εισδοχής νέων μελών και καθορίζουν προσευχή που απευθύνεται αδογμάτιστα σε ένα θεό, με την γενική έννοια του όρου και όχι κατά την Ορθόδοξη Χριστιανική Πίστη μας." [229]

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  201. ↑ 25th annual Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy begins its work in Athens. The Russian Orthodox Church, Department for External Church Relations (DECR). 26.06.2018 19:28.
  202. ↑ The 500th Anniversary since St. Maxim the Greek of Vatopedi Monastery Arrived in Russia Marked on Mount Athos. PRAVMIR.COM. 9 JULY 2018.
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  205. ↑ Communiqué (05/08/2018): SYNAXIS OF THE HIERARCHY. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. 5 August 2018.
  206. ↑ John Carr. Orthodox leader expresses concern for Greece. Vatican News. 2 October 2018, 15:23.
  207. 1 2 The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church has considered it impossible to remain in the Eucharistic communion with the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The Russian Orthodox Church. Department for External Church Relations (DECR). 15.10.2018 20:12.
  208. ↑ Statement of the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. New York, 18 October 2018.
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  210. ↑ Bishop Irinej of Backa. Position of the Serbian Orthodox Church on the Church Crisis in Ukraine After the Newest Decisions by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Serbian Orthodox Church. 20. November 2018 – 8:37.
  211. 1 2 (in Polish) Komunikat Kancelarii Św. Soboru Biskupów. Polski Autokefaliczny Kościół Prawosławny. 15 listopada 2018 roku.
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  213. ↑ CYPRIOT HOLY SYNOD: NEW UKRAINIAN STRUCTURE HAS NOT ACHIEVED UNITY, HAS ILLEGITIMATE HIERARCHS AND CLERGY. Orthodox Christianity. Nicosia, Cyprus, 19 February 2019.
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  216. ↑ Number of priests per 100,000 people. Jo Di Graphics. 31 October 2018. Retrieved: 6 November 2018.
  217. 1 2 Greece to separate church and state: a triumph for human rights. Humanists UK. 8 November 2018.
  218. ↑ Greece takes major step towards disestablishment of Orthodox Church. National Secular Society (NSS). 9 November 2018.
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  220. ↑ (in French) Communiqué du Bureau de l’Administration Diocésaine du 28 novembre 2018. Archevêché des Églises Orthodoxes Russes en Europe Occidentale. 28 novembre 2018.
  221. ↑ Metropolitan Tikhon guest of Ecumenical Patriarchate at annual pilgrimage to Cappadocia. Orthodox Church in America. 24 June 2019.
  222. ↑ GREEK HOLY SYNOD ESTABLISHES "UNBORN CHILD" DAY. Orthodox Christianity. Athens, 25 July 2019.
  223. 1 2 ELDER EPHRAIM OF PHILOTHEOU AND ARIZONA REPOSES IN THE LORD. Orthodox Christianity. Florence, Arizona, 8 December 2019.
  224. 1 2 Elder Ephraim of Arizona has Reposed. MYSTAGOGY. 8 December 2019.
  225. ↑ Last farewell to Elder Ephraim of Arizona at ‘spiritual oasis’ he co-founded in Sonoran Desert – (VIDEO). ORTHODOXIA News Agency. 12/12/2019 – 3:22.
  226. ↑ Greek Orthodox Byzantine chants gain Unesco recognition. NEOS KOSMOS. 13 December 2019 12:55pm.
  227. 1 2 Byzantine chant – Cyprus and Greece. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – Intangible Cultural Heritage. Retrieved: 14 December 2019.
  228. 1 2 (in Greek) Οι αποφάσεις της Δ.Ι.Σ. για τον μήνα Φεβρουάριο – Δελτία Τύπου της Ιεράς Συνόδου. ECCLESIA.GR. 4/2/2020.
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