The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Australia:
Contents
- General reference
- Geography
- Environment
- Regions
- Demography
- Government and politics
- Elections in Australia
- Political parties in Australia
- Federal government of Australia
- Military
- Foreign relations
- International organisation membership
- Law and order
- State and territory governments
- Local government
- History
- History of states
- Culture
- Economy and infrastructure
- State economies
- Education
- States education
- Religion and belief systems in Australia
- Sport
- See also
- References
- External links
Australia is the continent and sovereign country. The continent of Australia, the world's smallest continent, is in the Southern Hemisphere and borders both the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The Commonwealth of Australia comprises the mainland of the Australian continent, the major island of Tasmania, other nearby islands, and various external territories. [1] Neighbouring countries are Indonesia, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east.
The Australian mainland has been inhabited for at least 50,000 years by Aboriginal Australians. [2] After sporadic visits by fishermen from the north and then European discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, [3] the eastern half of Australia was later claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation as part of the colony of New South Wales, commencing on 26 January 1788. As the population grew and new areas were explored, another five largely self-governing Crown colonies were established during the 19th century.
