List of town and city fires

Further information: Fire and List of fires

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of major urban conflagrations. Before the 20th century, fires were a major hazard to urban areas and the cause of massive amounts of damage to cities.

For notable fires that involved a single structure, see list of building or structure fires. Other lists record wildfires (including forest fires) and transportation fires, though those that caused significant urban damage also appear on that list.

• Antiquity through the Middle Ages
• 16th century
• 17th century
• 18th century

• 19th century
• 1800s
• 1810s
• 1820s
• 1830s
• 1840s
• 1850s
• 1860s
• 1870s
• 1880s
• 1890s

• 20th century
• 1900s
• 1910s
• 1920s
• 1930s
• 1940s
• 1950s
• 1960s
• 1970s
• 1980s
• 1990s

• 21st century
• 2000s
• 2010s
• 2020s

• See also
• References

Antiquity to Middle Ages

• 587 BC – The destruction of the Temple and city of Jerusalem
• 330 BC – Persepolis destroyed by fire after its capture by Alexander the Great.
• 146 BC – Carthage was systematically burned down over 17 days by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War
• 64 – Great Fire of Rome, Italy
• 79 – Lyon burned to ashes. ^[1]
• 406 –A great fire burns down much of Constantinople.
• 532 –The Nika riots result in the destruction of much of Constantinople by fire.
• 798 – London nearly destroyed. ^[1]
• 847 – Borgo, Italy, the area around Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, was devastated by fire.
• 1041 –Fire destroys most of the old city of Bremen, Germany, including the cathedral.
• 1046 –A fire in Hildesheim, Germany, destroys parts of the city, including the cathedral.
• 1132 –In June, a huge fire in Hangzhou, China, destroyed 13,000 houses. ^[2]
• 1135 – Great Medieval London Fire of 1135. The first of the two Great Medieval Fires of London. This blaze was so severe that it destroyed most of the city between St Paul's and St Clement Danes in Westminster.
• 1137 –A Great Fire in Hangzhou, China, destroyed 10,000 houses. ^[2]
• 1157 –First Fire of Lübeck, Germany, destroys the city.
• 1204 – Sack of Constantinople (1204). Constantinople was burned three times during the Fourth Crusade.
• 1212 – The Great Fire of Southwark London 1212. The second of the two Great Medieval Fires of London. As many as 3,000 people died on the London Bridge while trying to flee the city.
• 1251 –Second Fire of Lübeck, Germany, triggers the use of stone as a fire-safe building material.
• 1253 –Great Fire of Utrecht, the Netherlands, lasted for 9 days and destroyed much of the city.
• 1276 –Third Fire of Lübeck, Germany, results in a comprehensive fire safety system. This was the last major fire in the city before bombing of WW II.
• 1327 –Fire of Munich, Germany, destroys one-third of the city, 30 deaths.
• 1405 –Fire of Bern, Switzerland, destroys 600 houses, over 100 deaths.
• 1421 –First Great Fire of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• 1438 –Great Fire of Gouda, the Netherlands, almost destroys the entire city.
• 1452 –Second Great Fire of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, destroys three-quarters of the city.

16th century

• 1540 - 1540 European drought was a climatic event that caused many city fires.
• 1544 – Burning of Edinburgh - An English amphibious raid destroyed portions of the city and many surrounding villages.
• 1547 – The 1547 Moscow fire sparked a rebellion.
• 1571 – The 1571 Moscow fire occurred when the forces of the Crimean khan Devlet I Giray raided the city.

17th century

• 1608 –First settlement in Jamestown, Virginia burnt.
• 1615 – Great Fire of Wymondham, Norfolk, England, two simultaneous fires destroyed 300 properties.
• 1624 – Oslo, Norway, destroyed by fire.
• 1625 – First Great Stockholm Fire, Sweden, burned for three days and destroyed a fifth of the infrastructure.
• 1633 – Great Istanbul Fire of 1633, Ottoman Empire, modern Turkey, started in the Cibali Gate Port due to a reckless caulker, burned for three days from early Friday morning to Sunday. About 20,000 buildings and all the ships docked on the Cibali Gate Port were demolished.
• 1652 – Glasgow, Scotland, a third of the city destroyed and over 1,000 families left homeless. ^[3]
• 1653 – Great Fire of Marlborough, England, destroyed the Guildhall, St Mary's Church, the County Armoury, and 224 dwellings.
• 1656 –Fire of Aachen destroys 4,664 houses, kills 17.
• 1657 – Great Fire of Meireki destroys two-thirds of the Japanese capital Edo (modern-day Tokyo). ^[4]
• 1660 –Fire in Istanbul, Turkey, destroys two-thirds of the city and kills an estimated 40,000 people. ^[5]
• 1663 –Great Fire of Nagasaki destroys the port of Nagasaki in Japan. ^[6]

Great Fire of London, 1666

• 1666 – Great Fire of London of 1666, which originated in a baker's shop on Pudding Lane and destroyed much of London.
• 1675 – Great Fire of Northampton, England. The blaze was caused by sparks from an open fire in St. Mary's Street near Northampton castle. In 6 hours it devastated the town centre, destroying about 600 buildings (three-quarters of the town) including All Saints church. 11 people died and about 700 families were made homeless.
• 1676 – Jamestown, Virginia was burned by Nathaniel Bacon and his followers during Bacon's Rebellion to prevent Governor Berkley from using it as a base.
• 1677 –Fire of Rostock, Germany, destroys 700 houses and accelerates the city's economic decline at the end of the Hanseatic period.
• 1678 – Hardegsen. Germany, experienced a fire during the Christmas fair that destroyed most of the town centre. There were no injuries as people were in church.
• 1684 – Toompea (part of modern Tallinn), a fire destroyed most of the hilltop-town.
• 1689 – Fire of Skopje of 1689, present-day capital of North Macedonia is burned.
• 1692 –Two-thirds of Usingen, Germany, is razed, later replaced by a baroque town centre.
• 1694 – Great Fire of Warwick, England
• 1696 – St. John's, Newfoundland, and 35 other settlements were burned by French forces under Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville.

18th century

• 1700 – Edinburgh, Scotland, over one half of the city was destroyed.
• 1702 – Uppsala, Sweden, devastated in large part and the cathedral and Uppsala Castle severely damaged.
• 1702 – Bergen, at the time the largest city in Norway, seven-eighths destroyed during a storm.
• 1707 – Xàtiva, the second most important city in the former Kingdom of Valencia, was burnt down as an exemplary punishment by the Bourbon king Philip V of Spain after besieging and conquering it.
• 1711 –Great Boston Fire of 1711. Destroyed the First Town-House
• 1726 – Reutlingen, Germany, Free Imperial City, 80% of all residential houses and almost all public buildings destroyed, making 1,200 families homeless.
• 1728 – Copenhagen Fire of 1728, Denmark, two-fifths of the city burned down during three days. 3,650 families became homeless.
• 1731 – Blandford Forum, Dorset, England, a large majority of the town was destroyed on 4 June. The aftermath of this fire had an Act of Parliament passed stating that rebuilding work must be in brick and tile.
• 1731 – Tiverton fire, Devon, England, burned nearly 300 houses.
• 1734 – Montreal, New France
• 1752 –Fire destroys 18,000 houses in Moscow, 5–6 May.
• 1754 – The Great Fire of Hindon swept through the village of Hindon, Wiltshire, burning 144 houses and buildings to the ground.
• 1759 – The Second Great Stockholm Fire (Swedish: Mariabranden meaning brand = fire) in Södermalm, Stockholm, Sweden, destroyed about 300 buildings.
• 1760  – Fire in the town of Porvoo, Finland (then part of Sweden) burned down most of the settlement on June 11. Propagated by long drought and strong wind.
• 1760 – Great Boston Fire of 1760, 349 buildings destroyed
• 1775 – Great Fire of Tartu, Estonia, nearly 200 buildings destroyed

Fire of Cap Français, Haiti, 21 June 1793

• 1776 – First Great Fire of New York City of 1776
• 1776 –Around two-thirds of Varaždin, the capital of Croatia at the time, destroyed in a fire of unknown origin.
• 1787 –Great Boston Fire of 1787. 100 buildings destroyed in the southern part of Boston. ^[7]
• 1788 – First Great New Orleans Fire of 1788, 856 out of 1,100 structures burned.
• 1788 – Great Fire of Tenmei, Kyoto, Japan, 150 killed, 37,000 houses burned, on March 6. ^[8]
• 1793 –Cap Français (modern-day Cap-Haïtien, Haiti).
• 1794 – Second Great New Orleans Fire of 1794, 212 structures destroyed.
• 1795 – Copenhagen fire of 1795

19th century

1800s

• 1805 – Great Fire of 1805: Detroit, Michigan Territory, then a wooden frontier settlement, burned except for a river warehouse. ^[9]
• 1807 –The Second Battle of Copenhagen led to the burning of over a thousand buildings in the city, including the Church of Our Lady.

1810s

• 1811 – Great Fire of Podil in Kiev, Russian Empire. Over 2,000 buildings, 12 churches and 3 abbeys destroyed; about 30 deaths.
• 1812 – The Fire of Moscow of 1812, which was started to deny shelter to Napoleon.
• 1812–1814 –The War of 1812 involved several major urban fires:
  • 1813 – Buffalo, New York
  • 1813 – York, Upper Canada
  • 1814 – Burning of Washington
• 1813 – Portsmouth, New Hampshire
• 1814 – Great fire of Tirschenreuth in Tirschenreuth, Bavaria, totally destroyed the town apart from the parish church and 3 neighboring buildings.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1817 – St. John's, Newfoundland

1820s

• 1820 – Ponce, Puerto Rico, a Spanish settlement, was almost completely destroyed on 27 February. ^{[10] [11] [12]}
• 1820 –Great Savannah Fire burned almost 500 structures, with damages of about US$4 million. ^[13]
• 1821 – Paramaribo, Suriname, fire destroyed over 400 houses.
• 1821 –Great Fire of Fayetteville destroyed 500 buildings in the city.
• 1825 – The 1825 Miramichi Fire destroyed the city of Miramichi, New Brunswick.
• 1827 – Great Fire of Turku, Finland
• 1829 –Fire destroyed hundreds of buildings in Augusta, Georgia.

1830s

• 1831 –A fire in Fayetteville, North Carolina destroyed hundreds of buildings, and almost completely leveled the city.
• 1835 – Second Great Fire of New York City of 1835
• 1838 – Charleston, South Carolina, over 1,000 buildings damaged.

1840s

• 1842 – Great fire of Hamburg, about a quarter of the inner city destroyed, 51 killed, and an estimated 20,000 homeless.

Views of Pittsburgh the day after the 1845 Great Fire. Detail from William Coventry Wall print, "Great Conflagration at Pittsburgh".

• 1845 – Great New York City Fire of 1845, 345 buildings destroyed
• 1845 – Great Fire of Pittsburgh destroyed over 1,000 buildings.
• 1845 –A fire at La Playa, the city port of Ponce, Puerto Rico, wiped out most of the Ponce vicinity in March. ^{[11] [12] [14]}
• 1846 – Great Fire of 1846 in St. John's, Newfoundland, destroyed about 2,000 buildings and left 12,000 homeless.
• 1847 – Great Fire of Bucharest, Romania, 15 were killed and 1,850 buildings were destroyed, roughly one-third of the city.
• 1848 –Fire in Medina, Ohio, destroyed the entire business district.
• 1848 – A fire destroyed at least 500 buildings in Albany, New York.
• 1849 – St. Louis Fire of 1849, 3 were killed, including the first US firefighter ever killed in the line of duty.
• 1849 – First Great Fire of Toronto of 1849

1850s

• 1850 – Kraków Fire of 1850, Poland, affects 10% of the city area.
• 1851 – San Francisco Fire of 1851 destroyed 2,000 buildings.
• 1852 – Vaasa, Finland
• 1852 – Great Montreal Fire of 1852 in Montreal left 10,000 of the city's 57,000 residents homeless. ^[15]
• 1854 –The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead, England, started by a spectacular explosion, killed 53 and leveled substantial property in both towns.
• 1858 –A large fire in Auckland, New Zealand, destroyed 3 hotels, 20 shops, more than 50 houses, the police station, theater, post office and several other buildings in the centre of town, an entire city block. ^[16] At the time Auckland had a population of about 6,300. ^[17]
• 1858 – 1858 Christiania fire severely damaged the city.

1860s

• 1862 – Troy, New York, 671 buildings destroyed
• 1862 – Valparaíso, Chile was almost completely destroyed by a fire.
• 1863 – San Francisco Fire of 1863 destroyed an entire block in the downtown area of San Francisco.
• 1864 – Great Fire of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia, burned over four city blocks with over 50 houses and dozens of businesses razed
• 1861–1865 –The American Civil War involved several major city fires:
  • 1861 – Charleston, South Carolina
  • 1864 – Atlanta, Georgia, burned after time given for evacuation of citizens by order of William Tecumseh Sherman
  • 1865 – Columbia, South Carolina, burned while being occupied by troops commanded by William Tecumseh Sherman
  • 1865 – Richmond, Virginia, burned by retreating Confederates.
• 1866 – Great Portland Fire of 1866, Maine, destroyed the commercial district and left 10,000 homeless.
• 1866 – Great Fire of Quebec City, Quebec, razed an entire faubourg and left 20,000 homeless.
• 1868 – Auerbach in der Oberpfalz, Bavaria. Arson destroyed 107 houses and 146 other buildings; 4 deaths.
• 1869 – Great Fire of Whitstable of 1869, Kent, England, fed by strong winds, destroying 71 buildings.

1870s

• 1870 –Fire in Medina, Ohio, started in a wooden building with a barber shop and consumed all but two blocks of the business district, nearly wiping out the entire town.
• 1871 –Fires deliberately set during the Paris Commune in May destroyed the Royal Palace of the Tuileries, the Louvre Library, the Palais de Justice, the Hôtel de Ville, the Gare de Lyon, and the Palais d'Orsay.
• 1871 –Strong winds fed several simultaneous fires in Wisconsin, Michigan and Illinois on October 8–9:
  • 1871 – Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed the downtown on October 8 and died out the following night. About 250 dead.
  • 1871 – Peshtigo Fire of 1871, several towns destroyed in a firestorm that reached Michigan, 1,500–2,500 dead. Deadliest wildfire in American history.
  • 1871 – Great Michigan Fire of 1871 was a series of simultaneous fires, the most prominent of which was the Port Huron Fire, which killed over 200 people in Port Huron, Michigan.
  • 1871 –The Urbana fire destroyed central Urbana, Illinois, on October 9.
• 1872 – Great Boston Fire of 1872, destroyed 776 buildings and killed at least 20 people.
• 1874 – Chicago Fire of 1874, July 14, was in some respects very similar to the 1871 fire, but was stopped by a new fire-proof wall. It destroyed 812 structures and killed 20 people.
• 1875 –Great Whiskey Fire, Dublin, 18 June, killed 13 people, and destroyed a malt house, a bonded warehouse, houses and a tannery in Mill Street and Chamber Street.
• 1877 – Paris, Texas, the first of three fires that destroyed much of the town.
• 1877 – Saint John, New Brunswick, fire destroyed 1,600 buildings.
• 1878 – The Great Fire of Hong Kong ^[18] destroyed 350 to 400 buildings across more than 10 acres (40,000 m²) of central Hong Kong.
• 1879 –Hakodate fire, Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan, caused 67 fatalities, 20,000 homeless. ^[19]
• 1879 – A large fire nearly destroyed the town of Deadwood, South Dakota destroying at least 300 buildings and killing one.

1880s

• 1880 –On 25 September, another fire took place destroying most of the older civil records (births, baptisms, marriages, etc.) of the Ponce, Puerto Rico, parish. ^[20]
• 1881 –The Great Ryōgoku Fire and Hisamatsuchō Fire occurred in January and February, respectively, destroying over 20,000 homes in total in Tokyo, Japan. ^[21]
• 1881 – Thumb Fire in Michigan burned over a million acres during a drought, 282 killed.
• 1883 –In mid August, a Great Fire broke out in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, destroying the royal palace and 1,600 buildings, many housing gunpowder. ^{[22] [23]}
• 1886 – Fire in Calgary, Alberta
• 1886 – Great Vancouver Fire, Vancouver, British Columbia
• 1888 – Sundsvall Fire of 1888, Sweden, left 9,000 homeless.
• 1889 – Great Seattle Fire, Washington, destroyed the central business district
• 1889 – Great Spokane Fire, Washington, destroyed the downtown commercial district. ^[24]
• 1889 – Great Ellensburg Fire, Washington, resulted in the city's bid to become the state capital ending in failure.
• 1889 – Great Bakersfield Fire of 1889, California, destroyed 196 buildings and killed 1 person.
• 1889 –The First Great Fire of Lynn, Massachusetts, destroyed about 100 buildings and took over 2 weeks to put out. ^[25]

City of St. John's after the Great Fire of 1892

1890s

• 1892 – Great Fire of 1892 in St. John's, Newfoundland
• 1893 – Clarksville, Virginia, fire destroyed many of the blocks between the river (now the Kerr Reservoir) and 5th Street in the historic commercial core.
• 1894 – A large blaze destroyed much of the downtown of Bath, Maine. The fire damaged a large area due to a burst pipe leaving no available water at the scene. ^[26]
• 1894 – Great Hinckley Fire, Minnesota was a firestorm that destroyed several towns; over 400 killed.
• 1894 – A fire affected the business section of Frederick, South Dakota, causing over $100,000 in damage.
• 1894 – A great blaze destroyed the entirety of Sheffield, Iowa
• 1894 – In a widely reported incident, a fire destroyed the entire downtown of Marion, North Carolina save one building, and destroyed 31 homes. ^[27]
• 1894 – Almost the entirety of the business section of Edon, Ohio destroyed by a fire.
• 1894 – A fire nearly destroyed the town of Townshend, Vermont.
• 1894 – A fire in LaMoure, North Dakota destroyed the entire business center of the town.
• 1894 – A large fire destroyed much of Norway, Maine.
• 1894 –Great Fire in Hudson, Massachusetts caused by Independence Day celebrations destroyed a large area of the downtown and cost $500,000.
• 1894 – A fire starting in a barber shop engulfed the town of Gifford, Illinois.
• 1894 –Great Fire in Shanghai destroyed over 1,000 buildings.
• 1894 –Much of downtown El Paso, Illinois destroyed in a fire costing $250,000.
• 1894 –A fire in Conrad, Iowa destroyed the downtown, which was quickly rebuilt in brick.
• 1894 – The downtown of Dalton, Ohio was destroyed in a fire that was suspected to have been caused by arson, costing $250,000.
• 1894 – Ten business blocks and fifty houses were destroyed in a large fire in Chester Hill, Ohio killing one.
• 1894 – A wildfire destroyed the entirety of Phillips, Wisconsin killing 20 people.
• 1896 – Paris, Texas, the second of three fires that destroyed much of the town.
• 1897 –The Great Fire of Windsor, Nova Scotia, Canada, destroyed 80% of the town.
• 1898 –Great Fire of New Westminster, British Columbia
• 1898 –Great fire of Park City, Utah
• 1899 – El Polvorin Fire in Ponce, Puerto Rico, occurred on 25 January Street. The fire started at the U.S. Munitions Depot (on the lot currently occupied by the Ponce High School). The heroes in that fire are remembered with monuments and an obelisk in Plaza Las Delicias. ^{[12] [28]}

20th century

1900s

• 1900 – Hull–Ottawa Fire of 1900, Canada. Starting in Hull, Quebec, the fire crossed the river to Ottawa, Ontario, and destroyed large areas of both cities.
• 1900 – Sandon, British Columbia, Canada, destroyed by fire.
• 1901 – Great Jacksonville Fire of 1901 in Jacksonville, Florida, destroyed the downtown area with flames seen for hundreds of miles.
• 1902 –The Great Conflagration of 1902, Paterson, New Jersey ^[29]
• 1902 – The town of Alexander City, Alabama, was completely destroyed by a large fire.
• 1903 – A fire destroyed over 400 buildings in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec.
• 1904 – Great Baltimore Fire of 1904
• 1904 – Second Great Fire of Toronto of 1904
• 1904 –Yazoo City, Mississippi (USA) fire, 25 May, destroyed entire business district of ca. 125 buildings; US$2,000,000 in damages. ^[30]
• 1904 – Ålesund Fire, 850 buildings destroyed, c. 10,000 made homeless; the fire started during a violent storm.
• 1906 – San Francisco earthquake and fire
• 1906 – Dundee Fire of 1906, Scotland, began at a whiskey warehouse with alcohol explosions spreading flames, several blocks burned.
• 1907 –Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, a fire that broke out in the evening of August 25 burned for six hours, destroying an estimated 60–70% of the city, leaving 60,000+ homeless and causing at least 8,000,000 yen in property damage, including many of the city's historical buildings destroyed. ^{[31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36]}
• 1908 –First Great Chelsea Fire on April 12. Nearly half the city of Chelsea, Massachusetts, was destroyed.
• 1908 –A fire destroyed most of the town of Fernie, British Columbia.
• 1908 –The greater part of the city of Trois-Rivières was destroyed by a fire; most of the city's original buildings, many dating to the French colonial years, were destroyed.
• 1909 – Phoenix, British Columbia, destroyed by fire, then rebuilt.^{[ citation needed ]}

1910s

• 1910 –Lake Charles fire in Lake Charles, Louisiana, $750,000 worth of damage, 85 dead
• 1910 – Great Fire of Fort Smith Arkansas
• 1911 –Oscoda/AuSable, Michigan^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1911 – Great Fire of 1911 in Bangor, Maine, destroyed hundreds of buildings.
• 1911 – Great Porcupine Fire in Porcupine, Ontario. Destroyed up to 494,000 acres of forest.
• 1912 – Houston, Texas, 56 city blocks; Houston's largest fire
• 1912 – Maryland Agricultural College, now the University of Maryland.
• 1914 – Great Salem Fire of 1914, Massachusetts
• 1916 – Bergen, Norway. About 300 buildings razed.
• 1916 – Matheson Fire, Matheson, Ontario. Destroyed approximately 490,000 acres of land.
• 1916 – Paris, Texas Fire of 1916. Largest of 3 historical fires that destroyed most of the central business district and a large residential section.
• 1917 –The Halifax Explosion, the largest man-made explosion before the atomic bomb, sparked fires throughout Halifax, Nova Scotia.
• 1917 – Great Atlanta fire of 1917, during which over 300 acres (1.2 km², 73 blocks) were destroyed.
• 1917 – Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917, Thessaloniki, Greece. About 9,500 buildings were destroyed.
• 1917 – In Gyöngyös, Hungary, a fire destroyed a number of buildings, leaving around 8,000 people homeless.
• 1919 – A wildfire destroyed the town of Lac La Biche, Alberta causing an estimated $200,000 in damage

1920s

• 1920 –The Burning of Cork, Ireland, a fire set on December 11by the British Auxiliaries in revenge after an ambush by the IRA destroyed much of the old city centre of Cork.
• 1921 – Tulsa Race Riot resulted in the destruction of 35 city blocks and 1,256 residences by arson.
• 1922 - The Fire of Manisa, Manisa, Greek Zone of Smyrna
• 1922 –The Great Fire of Smyrna, Smyrna, Greek Zone of Smyrna, estimated at least 10,000 and up to 100,000 Greeks and Armenians killed
• 1922 –On September 2nd, a fire destroys most of downtown Frisco, Texas.
• 1922 –Most of downtown Astoria, Oregon burns
• 1922 –The Great Fire of 1922 in the Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada, killed 43 people and burnt down 18 townships.
• 1923 – 1923 Tokyo fire following the Great Kantō earthquake razed half the city with over 100,000 deaths. ^[37]
• 1923 – 1923 Berkeley Fire, California, destroyed at least 640 structures.
• 1925 –1925 Decatur St. Fire, Atlanta, Georgia, left 6 firefighters dead, 8 others seriously injured. ^[38]
• 1928 – Great Fall River fire of 1928, Massachusetts

1930s

• 1931 – Napier and Hastings, New Zealand. Fire engulfed much of these twin cities in the aftermath of the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.
• 1931 –Downtown fire in Marshfield, Wisconsin, killed 6 on 28 March.
• 1931 –Half of downtown Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada, was destroyed by fire.
• 1934 – Hakodate, Hokkaido, a household fire began on 21 March and spread to the surrounding areas including a local court, department store, school and hospital. Over two days 2,166 people lost their lives, with 9,485 injured, 145,500 people made homeless, and 11,055 buildings lost.
• 1938 – 1938 Changsha fire, 56,000 buildings burned by the Chinese army during the Second Sino-Japanese War to prevent the Japanese from getting resources, 3,000 civilians killed.
• 1939 – Luftwaffe Bombing of Warsaw on 1 September 1939, at the outbreak of World War II, left an estimated 1,500 killed. ^[39]
• 1939 –Great Lagunillas Fire at Ciudad Ojeda, Venezuela, on 14 November.

1940s

• 1940–1945 – Air raids during World War II resulted in many major city fires:
  • 1940 –Bombing of Rotterdam, 14 May, forcing the capitulation of the Dutch government. 800 killed, 24.000 houses destroyed, 80,000 left homeless.
  • 1940 – Second Great Fire of London, one of the most-destructive air raids of The Blitz. 1,500 were killed.
  • 1942 –German air bombardment of Stalingrad, Soviet Union, resulting in firestorm and 955 fatalities (original Soviet estimate).
  • 1943 – Hamburg, 45,000 killed (largest in an air-raid on Germany)
  • 1943 – Kassel, 10,000 killed
  • 1944 – Braunschweig, 2,600 killed but 30,000 rescued
  • 1944 – Darmstadt, 12,000 killed
  • 1944 – Heilbronn, 6,500 killed
  • 1945 – Dresden, around 30,000 killed in firestorm during one of the most-controversial Allied air-raids.
  • 1945 – Pforzheim, a quarter of the town's population (17,000) killed.
  • 1945 – Hildesheim, 1,500 killed
  • 1945 – Tokyo, causing the largest urban conflagration in history, with over 100,000 killed.
  • 1945 – Würzburg, 5,000 killed
  • 1945 – Kobe, 8,800 killed
  • 1945 – Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 105,000 to 120,000 killed; large fires in each city.
• 1941 –The great fire of Santander, Spain, destroyed the greater part of the medieval town centre.
• 1944 – Destruction of Warsaw by the German army and Waffen SS, as a reprisal for the Warsaw Uprising, included the deliberate burning of many buildings. ^[40]
• 1946 – Bandung, a city in West Java, Indonesia, was burned on 24 March by Indonesians to prevent the Dutch from retaking the city, an event called "Bandung sea of fire".
• 1947 – Texas City Disaster, two ships explode, igniting fires throughout the city and chemical works, 460–600 killed.
• 1948 – Fukui earthquake with fire, 46,000 buildings and houses lost on June 28.
• 1949 –A fire burned for 18 hours in Chongqing's waterfront and banking district, on 2 September, killed 2,865 people ^[41] and left more than 100,000 homeless. 7,000 buildings were destroyed. ^[42]

1950s

• 1953 – Shek Kip Mei fire in a squatter area in Hong Kong left 58,000 homeless. ^[43]
• 1954 – 1954 Iwanai Fire, an affective strong wind by Typhoon Marie in Hokkaido on 26 September, according to a Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency official confirmed report, 38 persons perished, 551 persons were hurt, total 261.4 acres were lost. ^[44]
• 1954 – Busan Yongdusan fires in South Korea. Korean War refugees lived in dense and flammable shantytowns in the area; two fires within weeks of each other caused the destruction of hundreds of shanty buildings and more than 3,400 National Treasures. ^{[45] [46]}
• 1955 – The Freeman Pier Fire in Seaside Heights & Seaside Park, New Jersey, United States. At least 30 businesses lost, 50 residents evacuated, no major injuries. ^{[47] [48] [49]}
• 1956 –Franklin Street fire in New Haven, Connecticut, killed 15 on 25 January.

1960s

• 1961 – Bukit Ho Swee fire, flames erupt in a squatter settlement in Singapore, making 16,000 homeless.
• 1961 – Brentwood-Bel Air fire in Los Angeles, burned 6,090 acres (24.6 km²) and destroyed 484 homes. ^[50]
• 1963 –Fretz Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, twelve-alarm fire was the largest in city history. 50 homes and multiple businesses destroyed along with original fire building.
• 1964 –The Bellflower Street Conflagration in Boston destroyed 19 apartment buildings and damaged 11.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1966 – Fire in Iloilo City, the Philippines, devastated most of the downtown area.

1970s

• 1973 – Second Great Chelsea Fire on October 14 destroyed 18 city blocks.
• 1974 –Chelsea, Massachusetts, a May 24 fire at the American Barrel Company spread to several other businesses in a two block area.

1980s

• 1981 –Arson-initiated firestorm in Lynn, Massachusetts levelled downtown factory area under redevelopment. ^[51]
• 1982 –Keane fire, Alberta, Canada, consumed more than 500,000 hectares of forest ^{[52] [ clarification needed ]}
• 1982 –Village of Lopez, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, United States, entire business district, including two hotels and the fire department leveled by a wind-whipped fire. It also sparked a 100 acre forest fire nearby.
• 1983 – 1983 Buffalo propane explosion in Buffalo, New York kills five firefighters and two others and destroys millions in property.
• 1983 – Dushore, Pennsylvania A fire destroyed two blocks of the historic business district, eight businesses and four homes. The fire was intentionally set.
• 1984 –Oil spill set fire to the shantytown of Vila Socó, Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil, on 25 February; official death toll is 93 people although speculation is more than 200.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1985 – MOVE incident in Philadelphia destroyed 65 houses on Osage Avenue and left 250 homeless.
• 1985 –Annanar forest fire, Portugal, 1,500 km² destroyed, killing 14.
• 1986 –Chu Ku Tsai village fire, Hong Kong, left 2,000 homeless on Lunar New Year holiday. ^[43]
• 1986 – Aberdeen Typhoon Shelter fire, Aberdeen, Hong Kong, 150 vessels destroyed, 1,700 homeless and 2 injured on December 25. ^[43]
• 1988 –Great Lashio Fire, Lashio, Myanmar, killed 134 and destroyed 2,000 buildings.
• 1988 –A fire in Lisbon, Portugal, destroyed 7 blocks of houses (7,500 m²) on August 25.
• 1988 –The Perkasie, Pennsylvania, fire destroyed one and a half blocks of its historic downtown.

1990s

• 1991 – Oakland Hills firestorm kills 25 and destroys 3,469 homes and apartments.
• 1993 – A tsunami and fires occurred at Okushiri Island, Japan, following the 12 July Hokkaidō earthquake, with 645 houses lost and 202 people killed.
• 1995 – Great Hanshin earthquake with fire, Kobe, Japan

21st century

2000s

• 2001 – Terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Of the initial casualties, approximately 2,600 deaths (including 343 firefighters and 71 law enforcement officers) were caused by fires that followed the crashes of jetliners into the World Trade Center towers in New York. At the Pentagon in Washington, DC, 125 people were killed by the plane crash and subsequent fire.
• 2001 –A wildfire destroyed 290,000 acres of land in the hamlet of Chisholm, Alberta
• 2002 – Lagos armoury explosion caused fires in Northern Lagos, Nigeria, which killed at least 1,100 people.
• 2002 – Edinburgh Cowgate fire, Scotland, 150 people fled their homes but there were no injuries. ^[53]
• 2002 – Rodeo–Chediski Fire
• 2003 – Canberra bushfires killed 4 and destroyed over 500 homes
• 2003 – Cedar Fire, San Diego, tenth-largest California brush fire that killed 15 and destroyed 2,232 homes.
• 2007 – Greek forest fires destroyed 2,100 buildings.
• 2008 – Camden Market Fire, which caused severe damage to one of North London's most famous shopping districts.
• 2009 – Black Saturday Bushfires of 7 February 2009 in Victoria, Australia, resulted in 173 deaths

2010s

• 2010 – 2010 Thai political protests in Bangkok, burned BEC TV3, CentralWorld and many buildings.
• 2010 – Dhaka fire kills 117 people in the Nimtali area of Old Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• 2011 –Devastating fire in Manila, Philippines, ^[54] leaves about 8,000 people homeless and 9 injured in a Makati squatter community.
• 2011 –A wildfire destroyed over 400 buildings and cost an estimated $750 million in damage in Slave Lake, Alberta.
• 2012 – Hurricane Sandy caused a six-alarm fire that destroyed 121 homes in Breezy Point, Queens, New York.
• 2013 – Yarnell Hill Fire burned over 13 square miles, destroyed over 100 homes, ^[55] and killed 19 firefighters. ^[56]
• 2013 – Lac-Mégantic derailment caused an explosion and fire in the town centre that destroyed over 30 buildings and killed 46. ^{[57] [58]} The event was the deadliest train accident in Canada since 1864. ^[59]
• 2013 – Boardwalk fire in Seaside Heights & Seaside Park, New Jersey, US. At least 19 buildings destroyed, 30 businesses lost, no major injuries. ^[60]
• 2014 – Valparaíso wildfire devastated several areas of Valparaíso, Chile, destroying 2,500 homes and killing at least 15 people.
• 2015 –420 homes burned down in Shira, Russia during the 2015 Russian wildfires.
• 2015 – Tianjin Port fire and explosions killed at least 173 people, damaged 300 buildings and over 10,000 vehicles.
• 2016 – Fort McMurray wildfire in Alberta destroyed approximately 2,400 homes and buildings, and forced a complete evacuation. ^[61]
• 2016 –The Gatlinburg Fire began as a wildfire in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and spread into the town of Gatlinburg, Tennessee, killing 14.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 2016 –A fire started in a ramen shop burned 140 buildings in Itoigawa, Japan.
• 2017 – October 2017 Iberian wildfires. A fire started in Galicia, a province with high risk of wildfire and spread dangerously quick thanks to Hurricane Ophelia (2017) through Spain and Portugal.
• 2017 –In 17 October, separate fires raged across five counties in Northern California, causing extensive damage in Sonoma and Napa Counties. The fires burned 160,000 acres, destroyed 5,700 buildings, and killed 43. The two largest fires were the Tubbs Fire and Atlas Fire. The city of Santa Rosa, California sustained heavy damage, with over 2,800 buildings destroyed.
• 2018 – Kemerovo fire at the Winter Cherry complex mall in Kemerovo, Russia, killed 60 people. The blaze started on the top floor of the four-story complex, and people were seen jumping from windows to escape it. ^{[62] [63]}
• 2018 – Camp Fire. California's deadliest and most destructive wildfire left at least 81 people dead and torched more than 152,000 acres. The fire burned through the towns of Paradise and Concow and other populated areas including Magelia, CenterVille and Butte Creek Canyons, and destroyed the historic Honey Run Covered Bridge, one of the last three-tier bridges that stood in the United States.
• 2018 – Between 23 July and 25 July, Greece experienced a national tragedy when a huge fire near Marathon in Attika killed 100 people. The inefficient fire service is said to have been a major factor for the disastrous outcome. The fire broke out in a nearby forest and quickly expanded to the surrounding towns.
• 2019 –Another Dhaka fire kills 78 people on 20 February in Churihatta, Chawkbazar area of old Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2020s

• 2020 – The Almeda Drive Fire in Jackson County, Oregon burned down the towns of Talent and Phoenix.
• 2020 – The Beachie Creek Fire in Marion County, Oregon destroyed the towns of Detroit and Gates. The fire erupted due to historic winds causing downed powerlines throughout the Santiam Canyon on 8 September, causing the death of 5 people.
• 2020 – Arson damage from 164 structure fires during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul resulted in one death.
• 2020 – August 2020 California lightning wildfires in Northern Coastal area of California burned millions of acres and several thousands homes.
• 2021 – A fire burned a number of homes in Nowa Biala, Poland.
• 2021 – The Lytton Creek Wildfire in Lytton, British Columbia destroyed 90% of the town of Lytton.
• 2021 – The Caldor Fire That burned Grizzly Flats, California and Omo Ranch, California.
• 2021 – A fire broke out in the town of El Cayo on the cay of Bonacca which is part of an island named Guanaja. The fire injured 4 residents and destroyed more than 200 structures.
• 2021 – 50+ MPH winds blew the West Wind Fire into Denton, Montana burning 25 homes and several other outbuildings including the town's grain elevators.
• 2021 – Over 1,000 homes burned, and at least one person died in Marshall, Superior, and Louisville, Colorado in the Marshall fire.
• 2023 – 2023 Hawaii wildfires. In the most significant wildfire event in Hawaiian history, the city of Lahaina suffered widespread devastation. This fire is believed to have killed 102+ people, destroying over 2,000 homes, as well as several historic landmarks in Lahaina.
• 2023 – Most of Enterprise, Northwest Territories is destroyed by wildfire ^[64]
• 2024 - Stinnett, Texas was almost completely engulfed by the Smokehouse Creek Fire with over 500 structures destroyed. ^[65]
• 2024 - Jasper, Alberta was half destroyed by a wildifre. ^[66]

See also

• List of fires
  • List of building or structure fires
  • List of transportation fires
  • List of forest fires
  • List of wildfires
• Conflagration § Notable examples
• Firestorm § City firestorms
• Coal seam fire
• Oil well fire

References

1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fire and Fire Extinction"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 401–418. This source lists many more city fires of varying severity.
2. Daily Life in China by Jacques Gernet, 34–35
3. "17 June 1652 - Great Fire of Glasgow". glasgowlife.org.uk. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
4. Blusse, Leonard & Cynthia Vaillé (2005). The Desjima Dagregisters, Volume XII 1650–1660. Leiden
5. Baer, Marc David (2004). The Great Fire of 1660 and the Islamization of Christian and Jewish Space in Istanbul. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 36(2), 159–181.
6. "Cultural Properties", Official site, Nagasaki: Thomeizan Kofukuji, retrieved 23 December 2016
7. "Great Boston Fire of 1787".
8. Screech, Timon (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822. Routledge. pp. 152–154, 249–250. ISBN   978-0-7007-1720-0.
9. "Great Fire of 1805 | Detroit Historical Society".
10. Caminate Guiada Centro Historico de Ponce: Calle Isabel II. (In Spanish). Retrieved December 4, 2009. ^{[ dead link ‍]}
11. Verdadera y Auténtica Historia de la Ciudad de Ponce.' By Dr. Eduardo Neumann. 1913. (In Spanish) Reprinted by the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (1987)Page 194.
12. Puerto Rico. Cuerpo de Bomberos. Historia. Datos Historicos. (In Spanish) Archived 2005-12-15 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved February 14, 2010.
13. E. Merton Coulter, "The Great Savannah Fire of 1820", Georgia Historical Quarterly 23:1–27
14. James C. Massey, Exec. Vice Pres., and Shirley Maxwell, Associate, National Preservation Institute (National Building Museum) Washington, D.C. and the Federal Historic Preservation Office, U.S. Department of the Treasury. (Washington, D.C.) January 7, 1988. In National Register of Historic Places Registration Form—U.S. Custom House, Ponce. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Section 8, Page 3. Listing Reference Number 88000073. February 10, 1988.
15. Kalbfleisch, John (12 July 2003). "The Great Fire of Montreal". Montreal Gazette . Retrieved 1 January 2012.
16. "Destructive fire in Auckland". Taranaki Herald - archived by PapersPast. 24 July 1858. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
17. "Population of the four main cities, 1858–1936". Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand - teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
18. Adam Nebbs (2010-09-20). "The Great Fire of Hong Kong". Open Library. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
19. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. (1879). "Commercial Reports by Her Majesty's Consuls in Japan", Parliamentary papers, Volume 91, pp. 2–5.
20. Eli D. Oquendo Rodriguez. De criadero a partido: Ojeada a la Historia de los Origenes de Ponce, 1645-1810. Lajas, Puerto Rico: Editorial Akelarre. 2015. page 43.
21. "Kiyochika's Tokyo — III". Visualizing Cultures . Retrieved 2024-09-22.
22. Dato' Haji Muhammad Saleh bin Haji Awang (Misbaha) (1983). Sejarah Darul Iman hingga 1337H = 1918M. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd. pp. 218–219. ISBN   9789676100115. OCLC   23565321.
23. "Shorthand Report of the Legislative Council". Straits Times Weekly Issue. 11 October 1883. p. 10.
24. Great Spokane Fire of 1889
25. "Great Lynn Fire of 1889". Celebrateboston.com. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
26. "Fire at Centre and Front streets, Bath, 1894". Maine Memory. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
27. "Marion In Ashes". Marion Record. 29 November 1894. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
28. "25 de Enero Fire. Noticias Online. Ponce conmemora 110 años de los héroes del Polvorín, (In Spanish). By Jose Fernandez Colon. Published January 24, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2009". Noticiasonline.com. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
29. "Great 1902 Confligration". www.patersonfirehistory.com. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
30. "$2,000,000 FIRE IN YAZOO CITY.; Area of Twelve Blocks in Length and Three in Width Burned over". The New York Times. 26 May 1904.
31. "Los Angeles Herald 28 August 1907 – California Digital Newspaper Collection" . Retrieved November 16, 2014.
32. "31 Aug 1907 – THE HAKODATE FIRE. TREMENDOUS LOSSES. INHABITANT ..." nla.gov.au. 31 August 1907. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
33. "31 Aug 1907 – THE HAKODATE FIRE. LOSSES £3,000,000. LONDON, Au ..." nla.gov.au. 31 August 1907. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
34. "Newspaper Article – HAKODATE FIRE" . Retrieved November 16, 2014.
35. House of Commons, Great Britain. Parliament (1908). Papers by command . Retrieved November 16, 2014.
36. Foreign Office, Great Britain (1908). Diplomatic and Consular Reports. Annual Series . Retrieved November 16, 2014.
37. James, Charles D. (2002). "The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire" (PDF). Nisee.berkeley.edu. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-16.
38. "Item Display". usg.edu. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
39. Special Correspondent (3 September 1939). "World War 2: 1,500 reported dead as German war planes drop bombs in Poland". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.{{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
40. "Warsaw Uprising". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
41. Death Toll in Chungking Fire Is Put at 2,865, Chicago Daily Tribune (October 3, 1949)
42. New blows suffered by Chiang regime, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (September 5, 1949)
43. Fung, May; So, Sanna (1997-01-26). "Black days in HK's history". The Standard. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 2014-03-26. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
44. ja:岩内大火 (Japanese language edition) Retrieved date on 19 November 2019.
45. 차철욱. 용두산 공원 대화재(龍頭山公園大火災) - 부산역사문화대전. Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture . Retrieved 4 July 2024.
46. 김석 (24 June 2020). 화마에 쓸려간 '왕의 얼굴'…전쟁이 남긴 상처. KBS News (in Korean). Retrieved 4 July 2024.
47. Salvini, Emil R. (June 30, 2009). "The Freeman Pier Fire- 1955– Seaside". Tales of the New Jersey Shore and its Environs.
48. "Seaside begins rebuilding as fire ashes cool". The Star-Ledger. Seaside Heights. 1955.
49. "Fire Loss High, Insurance Low; Concessions Listed". Seaside Heights. 1955.
50. "California Wildfires – 1961 Bel Air-Brentwood fire – Bel Air Brush Wildfire – Stone Canyon, Roscomare Rd". Cccarto.com. 1961-11-06. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
51. Langer, Paul (November 29, 1981). "Day of the fire storm in Lynn: 17 buildings ruined, hundreds flee as flames envelop former factories". The Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts. In less than twelve hours, yesterday's conflagration in Lynn annulled the city's ambitious, five-year effort to rehabilitate its ancient downtown shoe factory district, burned out established and budding businesses, gutted buildings that were to have gotten a new life and destroyed more than a thousand jobs in a city that cannot spare one.
52. Tymstra, The Chinchaga Firestorm (1950), p. 63-4
53. Seenan, Gerard (8 December 2002). "Fire devastates Edinburgh's Old Town". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
54. Tina Santos (19 April 2011). "Makati fire displaces 2,500 families". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
55. Lee, Amanda (2013-07-05). "Yarnell Hill Fire cut off Hotshots' access to safety zone | azfamily.com Phoenix". Azfamily.com. Archived from the original on 2013-07-08. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
56. "The Basics". www.YarnellFallenFireFighters.com. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
57. "Montreal, Maine & Atlantic Railway Derailment in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec" (PDF). mmarail.com. 2013-07-06. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
58. "Search resumes in Lac-Mégantic for 5 still missing". cbc.ca/. 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
59. "Canada train derailment: Death toll at 50; Lac-Megantic residents jeer rail CEO". Associated Press. 2013-07-11. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
60. Double Down (September 12, 2013). "Seaside Businesses Impacted by the Boardwalk Fire". WKXW, New Jersey 101.5 FM Radio.
61. "Fort McMurray fire largely contained thanks to rain, firefighters' efforts". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
62. "Russia fire: Children killed in Kemerovo shopping centre blaze". BBC News. 25 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
63. "Fire tragedy at Kemerovo shopping mall leaves at least 64 dead". TASS. 26 March 2018.
64. Tessier-Burns, Francis (2023-08-15). "Enterprise, N.W.T., '90 per cent gone' after wildfire ravages community". CBC News. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
65. Murphy, Sean; Vertuno, Jim (1 March 2024). "A Texas town was helpless to watch as the largest wildfire in state history engulfed it". CTV News. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
66. Yousif, Nadine; Faguy, Ana (25 July 2024). "Monster' fires may have destroyed half of historic Canadian town". BBC News . Retrieved 26 July 2024.