Paris, Texas | |
---|---|
City | |
Motto: Smile! | |
Coordinates: 33°39′45″N95°32′52″W / 33.66250°N 95.54778°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Texas |
County | Lamar |
Settled | by 1824 [1] |
Named | 1844 |
Incorporated | 1845 |
Named for | Paris, France |
Government | |
• City Council | Reginald Hughes (Mayor) Shatara Moore Gary Savage Mihir Pankaj Rudy Kessel Clayton Pilgrim Rebecca Norment |
• City Manager | Grayson Path |
Area | |
• Total | 37.07 sq mi (96.00 km2) |
• Land | 35.19 sq mi (91.14 km2) |
• Water | 1.88 sq mi (4.86 km2) |
Elevation | 600 ft (183 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 24,171 |
• Density | 650/sq mi (250/km2) |
• Demonym | Parisian |
Time zone | UTC−6 (Central (CST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
ZIP codes | 75460-75462 |
Area code | 903/430 |
FIPS code | 48-55080 |
GNIS feature ID | 1364810 [3] |
Website | paristexas.gov |
Paris is a city and county seat of Lamar County, Texas, United States. Located in Northeast Texas at the western edge of the Piney Woods, the population of the city was 24,171 in 2020. [4]
Present-day Lamar County was part of Red River County during the Republic of Texas. By 1840, population growth necessitated the organization of a new county. George Washington Wright, who had served in the Third Congress of the Republic of Texas as a representative from Red River County, was a major proponent of the new county. The Fifth Congress established the new county on December 17, 1840, and named it after Mirabeau B. Lamar, [5] who was the first Vice President and the second President of the Republic of Texas.
Lamar County was one of the 18 Texas counties that voted against secession on February 23, 1861. [6]
In 1877, 1896, and 1916, major fires in the city forced considerable rebuilding. The 1916 fire destroyed almost half the town and caused an estimated $11 million in property damage. The fire ruined most of the central business district and swept through a residential area. The burned structures included the Federal Building and Post Office, the Lamar County Courthouse and Jail, City Hall, most commercial buildings, and several churches. [7]
In 1893, black teenager Henry Smith was accused of murder, tortured, and then burned to death on a scaffold in front of thousands of spectators in Paris. [8] In 1920, two black brothers from the Arthur family were tied to a flagpole and burned to death at the Paris fairgrounds. The city has prominent memorials to the Confederacy. [8]
In 1943, the U.S. Supreme Court in Largent v. Texas struck down a Paris ordinance that prohibited a person from selling or distributing religious publications without first obtaining a city-issued permit. The Court ruled that the ordinance abridged freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. [9]
Paris is a former railroad center. The Texas and Pacific reached town in 1876; the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway (later merged into the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway) and the Frisco in 1887; the Texas Midland Railroad (later Southern Pacific) in 1894; and the Paris and Mount Pleasant (Pa-Ma Line) in 1910. Paris Union Station, built 1912, served Frisco, Santa Fe, and Texas Midland passenger trains until 1956. Today, the station is used by the Lamar County Chamber of Commerce and serves as the research library for the Lamar County Genealogical Society. [10]
Following a tradition of American cities named "Paris" (named after France's capital), the city commissioned a 65-foot-tall (20 m) replica of the Eiffel Tower in 1993 and installed it on site of the Love Civic Center, southeast of the town square. In 1998, presumably as a response to the 1993 construction of a 60-foot-tall (18 m) tower in Paris, Tennessee, the city placed a giant red cowboy hat atop its tower. The current Eiffel Tower replica is at least the second one; an earlier replica constructed of wood was destroyed by a tornado.
Race relations in Paris were described by Newsweek as "turbulent" and sometimes "explosive". [11] In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, several lynchings of African-Americans were staged at the Paris Fairgrounds. [12] [13] A black teenager, Henry Smith, lynched in 1893, was the first in US history captured in photographs. [14] Other lynchings included Irving and Herman Arthur in 1920. [15] [16]
In 2008, an African-American man, Brandon McClelland, was run over and dragged to death by two white men, who were not prosecuted due to lack of evidence. A rally over the death in 2009 had groups shouting "white power" and "black power". [17]
Other incidents included sentencing disparities between black and white juveniles, racist flags and graffiti, school discipline disparities, [18] [19] and racist labor practices. [20] [21]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 44.4 square miles (115 km2), of which 42.8 square miles (111 km2) are land and 1.7 square miles (4.4 km2) (3.74%) are covered by water.
Paris has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification). It is located in "Tornado Alley", an area largely centered in the middle of the United States in which tornadoes occur frequently because of weather patterns and geography. Paris is in USDA plant hardiness zone 8a for winter temperatures. This is cooler than its southern neighbor Dallas, and while similar to Atlanta, Georgia, it has warmer summertime temperatures. Summertime average highs reach 94 and 95 °F (34 and 35 °C) in July and August, with associated lows of 72 and 71 °F (22 and 22 °C). Winter temperatures drop to an average high of 51 °F (11 °C) and low of 30 °F (−1 °C) in January. The highest temperature on record was 115 °F (46 °C), set in August 1936, and the record low was −5 °F (−21 °C), set in 1930. Average precipitation is 47.82 in (1,215 mm). Snow is not unusual, but is by no means predictable, and years can pass with no snowfall at all.
On April 2, 1982, Paris was hit by an F4 tornado that destroyed more than 1,500 homes, and left 10 people dead, 170 injured, and 3,000 homeless. The damage toll from this tornado was estimated at US$50 million in 1982. [22]
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Paris has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Paris was 115 °F (46.1 °C) in August 1936, while the coldest temperature recorded was −5 °F (−20.6 °C) in January 1930. [23]
Climate data for Paris, Texas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 90 (32) | 90 (32) | 94 (34) | 96 (36) | 100 (38) | 108 (42) | 111 (44) | 115 (46) | 112 (44) | 99 (37) | 94 (34) | 87 (31) | 115 (46) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 73.9 (23.3) | 77.8 (25.4) | 83.9 (28.8) | 87.5 (30.8) | 93.0 (33.9) | 98.1 (36.7) | 102.5 (39.2) | 103.5 (39.7) | 99.2 (37.3) | 91.8 (33.2) | 82.3 (27.9) | 74.9 (23.8) | 104.7 (40.4) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 53.5 (11.9) | 58.5 (14.7) | 66.5 (19.2) | 75.0 (23.9) | 82.7 (28.2) | 91.2 (32.9) | 95.8 (35.4) | 96.2 (35.7) | 88.7 (31.5) | 78.2 (25.7) | 65.2 (18.4) | 55.8 (13.2) | 75.6 (24.2) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 43.4 (6.3) | 47.8 (8.8) | 55.7 (13.2) | 63.9 (17.7) | 72.7 (22.6) | 81.1 (27.3) | 85.3 (29.6) | 85.1 (29.5) | 77.6 (25.3) | 66.4 (19.1) | 54.6 (12.6) | 45.8 (7.7) | 65.0 (18.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 33.2 (0.7) | 37.0 (2.8) | 44.9 (7.2) | 52.8 (11.6) | 62.7 (17.1) | 71.0 (21.7) | 74.8 (23.8) | 74.1 (23.4) | 66.5 (19.2) | 54.7 (12.6) | 44.0 (6.7) | 35.8 (2.1) | 54.3 (12.4) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 21.9 (−5.6) | 27.5 (−2.5) | 37.3 (2.9) | 47.4 (8.6) | 60.6 (15.9) | 66.5 (19.2) | 65.6 (18.7) | 52.4 (11.3) | 38.3 (3.5) | 28.1 (−2.2) | 21.6 (−5.8) | 14.4 (−9.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | −5 (−21) | −4 (−20) | 7 (−14) | 25 (−4) | 30 (−1) | 46 (8) | 57 (14) | 53 (12) | 34 (1) | 19 (−7) | 15 (−9) | 0 (−18) | −5 (−21) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.08 (78) | 3.34 (85) | 4.35 (110) | 4.71 (120) | 5.63 (143) | 4.26 (108) | 3.51 (89) | 2.95 (75) | 3.95 (100) | 4.62 (117) | 4.21 (107) | 4.28 (109) | 48.89 (1,241) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | trace | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | trace | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.9 (2.25) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.8 | 9.1 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 95.4 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
Source 1: NOAA (snow, snow days 1981–2010) [24] [25] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Weather Service [23] |
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 3,980 | — | |
1890 | 8,254 | 107.4% | |
1900 | 9,358 | 13.4% | |
1910 | 11,269 | 20.4% | |
1920 | 15,040 | 33.5% | |
1930 | 15,649 | 4.0% | |
1940 | 18,678 | 19.4% | |
1950 | 21,643 | 15.9% | |
1960 | 20,977 | −3.1% | |
1970 | 23,441 | 11.7% | |
1980 | 25,498 | 8.8% | |
1990 | 24,799 | −2.7% | |
2000 | 25,898 | 4.4% | |
2010 | 25,171 | −2.8% | |
2020 | 24,171 | −4.0% | |
Texas Almanac [26] |
From a 1880 United States census population of 3,980, the population of the city of Paris increased to 25,898 at the 2000 census; in 2020, however, its population declined to 24,171. [4]
In 2010, 25,171 people 10,306 households, and 6,426 families resided in the city. [27] The population density was 588.1 people per square mile (227.1 people/km2); the 11,883 housing units averaged 277.6 per square mile (107.2/km2). of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.01. In the city, the population was distributed as 25.0% under 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 or older. The median age was 37.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.
By 2020, the city had 10,522 households according to the American Community Survey, and 3,549 were married-couple households. [28] The average household size was 2.29, and the average family size was 2.99. Of its 2020 population, 933 were foreign-born nationals, 18.9% of whom were naturalized U.S. citizens. As of the census estimates, 49.6% of housing units were owner-occupied and 50.4% were renter-occupied. [29]
Race | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White (NH) | 13,853 | 56.6% |
Black or African American (NH) | 5,643 | 23.06% |
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 331 | 1.35% |
Asian (NH) | 347 | 1.42% |
Pacific Islander (NH) | 19 | 0.08% |
Some other race (NH) | 57 | 0.23% |
Mixed/multiracial (NH) | 1,318 | 5.38% |
Hispanic or Latino | 2,908 | 11.88% |
Total | 24,476 |
In 2010, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the racial makeup of the city was 70.3% White, 24.8% Black and African American, 3.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.1% Asian, and 4.1% from other races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 8.2% of the population. [27] In 2020, its racial and ethnic makeup was 56.6% non-Hispanic White, 23.06% Black and African American, 1.35% Native American, 1.42% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.23% some other race, 5.38% multiracial, and 11.88% Hispanic or Latino of any race, reflecting demographic trends of greater diversification. [33] [34]
In the past, Paris was a major cotton exchange, and the county was developed as cotton plantations. While cotton is still farmed on the lands around Paris, it is no longer a major part of the economy.
Paris's one major hospital has two campuses: Paris Regional Medical Center South (formerly St. Joseph's Hospital) and Paris Regional Medical Center North (formerly McCuistion Regional Medical Center). It serves as the center of healthcare for much of Northeast Texas and Southeast Oklahoma. Both campuses are now operated jointly under the name of the Paris Regional Medical Center, a division of Essent Healthcare. Paris Regional Medical Center South Campus has recently closed and only the North Campus remains open. The health network is one of the largest employers in the Paris area. [35]
Outside of healthcare, the largest employers are Kimberly-Clark and Campbell Soup.
# | Employer | # of employees |
---|---|---|
1 | Essent-PRMC | 1000 |
2 | Campbell Soup | 900 |
3 | Kimberly-Clark | 800 |
4 | Turner Industries | 700 |
5 | Paris ISD | 640 |
T-6 | North Lamar ISD | 500 |
T-6 | Walmart | 500 |
8 | TCIM | 480 |
9 | City of Paris | 320 |
10 | We-Pack Logistics | 300 |
Note: PRMC is Paris Regional Medical Center.
The city is home to several late-19th to mid-20th century stately homes. Among these is the Rufus Fenner Scott Mansion, designed by German architect J.L. Wees and constructed in 1910. The structure is solid concrete and steel with four floors. Rufus Scott was a prominent businessman known for shipping, imports, and banking. He was well known by local farmers, who bought aging transport mules from him. The Scott Mansion narrowly survived the fire of 1916. After the fire, Scott brought the architect Wees back to Paris to redesign the historic downtown area. [37]
Paris is governed by a city council as specified in the city's charter adopted in 1948.
Paris is represented in the Texas Senate by Republican Bryan Hughes, District 1, and in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican Gary VanDeaver, District 1.
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates the Paris District Parole Office [38]
At the federal level, the two U.S. senators from Texas are Republicans John Cornyn and Ted Cruz. Paris is part of Texas's 4th congressional district, represented by Republican Pat Fallon.
The United States Postal Service operates the Paris Post Office. [39]
Elementary and secondary education is split among three main school districts:
Prairiland ISD also serves a small portion of the town, along with Blossom ISD.
In addition, Paris Junior College provides postsecondary education. It hosts the Texas Institute of Jewelry Technology, a well-respected school[ according to whom? ] of gemology, horology, and jewelry. The Industrial Technology Division offers programs in air conditioning technology, refrigeration technology, agricultural technology, drafting and computer-aided design, electronics, electromechanical technology, and welding technology.
Texas A&M University-Commerce, a major university of over 12,000 students, is located in the neighboring city of Commerce, 40 miles southwest of Paris.
The Paris Public Library serves Paris, as does the Lamar County Genealogical Society Library. [40]
Paris is served by four major highways:
According to the Texas Transportation Commission, Paris is the second-largest city in Texas without a four-lane divided highway connecting to an interstate highway within the state. However, those traveling north of the city can go into the Midwest on a four-lane thoroughfare via US 271 across the Red River into Oklahoma, and then the Indian Nation Turnpike from Hugo to Interstate 40 at Henryetta, which in turn continues as a free four-lane highway via US 75 to Tulsa.
For public transit, Paris is served by the Ark-Tex Council of Governments Rural Transit District (TRAX). Local, fixed-route bus service runs hourly on weekdays between 6:30 am and 6:30 pm. [41] Dubbed the "Paris Metro", Texas Monthly has cited the town as a model for rural transport. [42] There is no intercity transit available in Paris. However, intercity bus routes can be accessed in nearby Mount Pleasant and Sulphur Springs. These services are operated by Greyhound [43] and Trailways.
Paris is served by two taxicab companies.[ citation needed ] Cox Field provides general aviation services.
Lamar County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas, in the Northeast Texas region. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,088. Its county seat is Paris. The county was formed by the Congress of the Republic of Texas on December 17, 1840, and organized the next year. It is named for Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas. Lamar County comprises the Paris, TX micropolitan statistical area.
Frankston is a town in Anderson County, Texas, United States. With a population of 1,126 at the 2020 United States census, it is one of the most populous communities of the county area.
New Boston is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. Boston was named for an early storekeeper in the settlement, W.J. Boston. The coming of the railroads led to the location of two more Bostons. A depot was built approximately four miles north of Boston and was named New Boston. The original Boston then became Old Boston. The courthouse was moved to Texarkana in the early 1880s, but a later election carried to move the courthouse back to the geographic center of the county. This location was between the Bostons. The Post Office Department named this location Boston, so Bowie County has claim to three Bostons: New Boston, Boston, and Old Boston. The population was 4,550 at the 2010 census, and 4,612 in 2020.
Silverton is a city in Briscoe County, Texas, United States. The population was 629 at the 2020 census.
Clarendon is a city in Donley County, Texas, United States. Its population was 2,026 at the 2010 census. The county seat of Donley County, Clarendon is located on U.S. Highway 287 in the Texas Panhandle, 60 miles (97 km) east of Amarillo.
Rocksprings is a town in and the county seat of Edwards County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 1,182, down from 1,285 at the 2000 census. The town received its name from natural springs associated with the porous limestone rocks in the area.
Stephenville is a city in, and the county seat of, Erath County, Texas, United States. It is on the North Bosque River, which forms nearby. Founded in 1854, it is home to Tarleton State University. Stephenville is a small town located in Central Texas, as of the 2020 census, the city's population was 20,847, and it is the principal city in the Stephenville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Stephenville is among several communities that call themselves the "Cowboy Capital of the World.”
Rosenberg is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area and Fort Bend County. Rosenberg was named for Henry Von Rosenberg, who emigrated to Texas from Switzerland in 1843. Von Rosenberg was an important figure in the settlement of Fort Bend County and the Gulf Coast region. The population was 38,282 at the 2020 census, up from 30,618 at the 2010 census. The community holds the Fort Bend County fair in October. Rosenberg is adjacent to the city of Richmond, the Fort Bend County seat.
Pampa is a city in Gray County, Texas, United States. Its population was 16,867 as of the 2020 census. Pampa is the county seat of Gray County and is the principal city of the Pampa micropolitan statistical area, which includes both Gray and Roberts Counties. Pampa is named after the Pampas Lowlands in Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil.
Gruver is a city in Hansford County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,130 at the 2020 census. Farwell, in the center of Hansford County, approximately three miles east of what became Gruver, was established in 1880 by the Canott family of Illinois, and was the first town in the county. Gruver was established shortly after, and Farwell rapidly fell into oblivion after 1889, when it lost a county seat election to Hansford.
Athens is a city and the county seat of Henderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 12,857. The city has called itself the "Black-Eyed Pea Capital of the World." Athens was selected as one of the first "Certified Retirement Communities" in Texas. Athens was incorporated in 1856 and was named after Athens, the capital of Greece.
Jacksboro is a city in Jack County, Texas, in the United States. Its population was 4,184 at the 2020 census. U.S. Highways 281 and 380, and Texas State Highways 114 and 199 intersect at Jacksboro, which is the county seat of Jack County.
Hallettsville is a city in Lavaca County, Texas, United States. Its population was 2,731 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Lavaca County. Hallettsville also has a sizable German-Texan population, as the town founders were mainly German and Czech immigrants.
Bowie is a town in Montague County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,218 at the 2010 census.
Perryton is a city in and the county seat of Ochiltree County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,492. It is located a few miles south of the Texas / Oklahoma state line.
Clarksville is a city and county seat of Red River County, Texas, United States, in the northernmost part of the Piney Woods region of East Texas. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 2,857.
Henderson is a city and the county seat of Rusk County, Texas, in Northeast Texas, United States. Its population was 13,271 at the 2020 census. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas.
Olney is a city in Young County, Texas, United States. Its population was 3,285 in 2010.
Longview is a city in and county seat of Gregg County, Texas, United States. Longview is located in East Texas, where Interstate 20 and U.S. highways 80 and 259 converge just north of the Sabine River. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the city had a population of 81,638. Longview is the principal city of the Longview metropolitan statistical area, comprising Gregg, Upshur, and Rusk counties. The population of the metropolitan area as of 2021 census estimates was 287,858.
Jarrell is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The total population is 1,753 according to the 2020 census.