List of disasters by cost

Last updated

Disasters can have high costs associated with responding to and recovering from them. This page lists the estimated economic costs of relatively recent disasters.

Contents

The costs of disasters vary considerably depending on a range of factors, such as the geographical location where they occur. When a large disaster occurs in a wealthy country, the financial damage may be large, but when a comparable disaster occurs in a poorer country, the actual financial damage may appear to be relatively small. This is in part due to the difficulty of measuring the financial damage in areas that lack insurance. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, with a death toll of around 230,000 people, cost a "mere" $15 billion, [1] whereas in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which 11 people died, the damage was six times higher.

The most expensive disaster in human history is the Chernobyl disaster, costing an estimated $700 billion. [2] Chernobyl's circumstances make it a unique but particularly devastating situation that is unlikely to ever happen again. Estimations have only increased over time, with the recent figure coming from the release of new government data up to 2016. [3] Furthermore, the cost is expected to perpetually increase for several thousand years as cleanup operations and the economic impact of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone continue indefinitely. [4] The most expensive natural disaster is the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, costing an estimated $360 billion. [5]

Over $1 billion

This table lists disasters which are estimated to have an economic cost of at least 1 billion United States dollars without taking inflation into account.

List of disasters by cost. Over $1 billion. Actual, and inflated to 2025 (unless otherwise stated)
EventCost ($ billion)FatalitiesTypeYearNation(s)
NominalInflated
Chernobyl disaster $700 [6] $939.1 30–16,000 Contamination (radioactive)1986 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union ( Flag of Ukraine.svg , Flag of Belarus.svg , Flag of Russia.svg )
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami + Fukushima nuclear disaster $360 [7] [8] [5] $515.219,759 (1 confirmed from Radiation)Undersea megathrust earthquake, tsunami, contamination (radioactive)2011 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Great Hanshin earthquake $200 [9] $422.65,502–6,434Earthquake1995 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes $157.8 [10] [11] $166.759,488–62,013Earthquake2023West Asia (Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey, Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria)
Sellafield radioactive releases$154 [12] $197.4100 to 240Contamination (radioactive)1950–2023 Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom
2008 Sichuan earthquake $130 [13] $194.487,587Earthquake2008 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Hurricane Katrina $125 [14] $206.11,392Tropical cyclone2005 Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas
Hurricane Harvey $125 [14] $164.2107Tropical cyclone2017Americas ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg , Flag of Guyana.svg , others)
Hurricane Ian $112 [14] $123.2161Tropical cyclone2022North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Venezuela.svg , others)
2020 South Asian floods $105 [15] [16] $130.66,511Flood2020South Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Pakistan.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , others)
Hurricane Maria $91.6 [14] $120.33,059 [17] Tropical cyclone2017North America ( Flag of Puerto Rico.svg , Flag of Dominica.svg , Flag of France.svg , others)
Hurricane Helene $78.7 [18] $80.8225Tropical cyclone2024North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , others)
Hurricane Ida $75 [19] $89.1107Tropical cyclone2021North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Venezuela.svg , others)
2019–20 Australian bushfire season $69 [20] $85.8451Wildfire2019–20 Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Hurricane Sandy $68.7 [14] $96.3254Tropical cyclone2012North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , others)
Hurricane Irma $64.8 [14] $85.1134Tropical cyclone2017North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Sint Maarten.svg , Flag of France.svg , others)
Deepwater Horizon oil spill $60–$100 [21] $88.6–$147.611Contamination (oil)2010 Flag of the United States.svg United States
January 2025 Southern California wildfires $57 [22] $5730Wildfire2025Flag of the United States.svg United States
2021 European floods $54 [23] $64.2243Flood2021Europe ( Flag of Germany.svg , Flag of Belgium (civil).svg , Flag of Romania.svg , others)
1988–1990 North American drought $53.25 [24] $138.35,000+Drought1988–89 Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
2012–2013 North American drought $49.6–$56.1 [25] $68.6–$77.5104Drought2012–13 Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
2010 China floods $51.4 [26] $75.93,189Flood2010Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China, Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea
1994 Northridge earthquake $49 [27] $106.457Earthquake1994 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2015 Southeast Asian haze $47 [28] $63.8100,300 [29] Wildfire, subsequent haze2015Southeast Asia ( Flag of Indonesia.svg , Flag of Malaysia.svg , Flag of Singapore.svg , others)
2016 Kumamoto earthquakes $46 [30] $61.7273Earthquake2016 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2011 Thailand floods $45.7 [31] $65.4815Flood2011 Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
2023 South Asian floods $41.6 [32] $442,309Flood2023South Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Pakistan.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , others)
2022 European heatwaves $40.2 [33] $44.224,501Heatwave2022Europe ( Flag of France.svg , Flag of Spain.svg , Flag of Germany.svg , others)
2011 Christchurch earthquake $40 [34] $57.2185Earthquake2011 Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
2022 Pakistan floods $40 [35] $441,700Flood2022 Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
Hurricane Ike $38 [14] $56.8214Tropical cyclone2008North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , others)
2020 China floods $32 [36] [37] $39.8278 [36] Flood2020 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Typhoon Doksuri $28.5[ citation needed ]$30.1137Tropical cyclone2023Southeast Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , others)
2004 Chūetsu earthquake $28 [38] [39] $47.768Earthquake2004 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Hurricane Wilma $27.4 [14] $45.287Tropical cyclone2005North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , others)
Hurricane Andrew $27.3 [14] $62.665Tropical cyclone1992 Flag of the United States.svg United States
February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm $26.5 [40] $31.5237 [41] [42] [43] [44] Winter storm, infrastructure failure (electric)2021North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg )
Hurricane Ivan $26.1 [14] $44.5124Tropical cyclone2004North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Grenada.svg , Flag of Jamaica.svg , others)
Hurricane Michael $25.1 [45] $32.274Tropical cyclone2018North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg , others)
2018 California wildfires $24.0 [25] $30.8103Wildfire2018 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2011 Sikkim earthquake $22.3 [46] $31.9111Earthquake2011Southern Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Nepal.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , others)
2016 China floods $22 [47] $29.5449Flood2016Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
September 11 terrorist attacks $21.8–$135 [48] $39.6–$245.52,996Terror attack2001 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Storm Daniel $21.1 [49] $22.35,951–20,000Tropical cyclone, dam failure2023 Flag of Libya.svg Libya, Flag of Greece.svg Greece
2021 Henan floods $20.9 [50] $24.8398 (official confirmed)Flood2021 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
1980 Irpinia earthquake $20 [51] $78.24,900Earthquake1980 Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Cyclone Senyar $19.8[ citation needed ]$19.81,435-2,206Tropical cyclone2025Southeast Asia ( Flag of Thailand.svg , Flag of Indonesia.svg , Flag of Malaysia.svg )
2002 European floods $19.2$34.4232Flood2002Central Europe ( Flag of the Czech Republic.svg , Flag of Germany.svg , Flag of Austria.svg , others)
Hurricane Laura $19.1 [36] [52] $23.877Tropical cyclone2020North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , others)
Hurricane Rita $18.5 [14] $30.597–125Tropical cyclone2005 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Lothar $17.6 [53] $34140Windstorm1999Western Europe ( Flag of France.svg , Flag of Germany.svg , Flag of Italy.svg , others)
Typhoon Hagibis $17.3 [54] $21.8139Tropical cyclone2019 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Hurricane Charley $16.9 [14] $28.835Tropical cyclone2004North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Jamaica.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg )
2012 Nigeria floods $16.9 [55] $23.7363Flood2012Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
2006 European heatwave $16.3 [56] $24.43,418Heatwave2006Europe ( Flag of France.svg , Flag of Spain.svg , Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg , others)
2009 L'Aquila earthquake $16.0 [57] $24308Earthquake2009 Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Hurricane Otis $16.0 [58] $1852 or moreTropical cyclone2023 Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Typhoon Yagi $15.8[ citation needed ]$16.2815Tropical cyclone2024Southeast Asia ( Flag of Vietnam.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of Myanmar.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , others)
2012 Northern Italy earthquakes $15.8 [59] $22.227Earthquake2012 Flag of Italy.svg Italy
2013 European floods $15.6 [60] $21.625Flood2013Europe ( Flag of Germany.svg , Flag of Hungary.svg , Flag of the Czech Republic.svg , others)
Cyclone Amphan $15.5 [61] [62] $19.3128 [63] Tropical cyclone2020Eastern South Asia ( Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of Bhutan.svg , Flag of India.svg , others)
Hurricane Matthew $15.1 [64] [65] $20.3731Tropical cyclone2016North America ( Flag of Haiti.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , others)
Great Flood of 1993 $15–$20 [66] $33.4–$44.647Flood1993 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclones Daria, Vivian, and Wiebke $15 [67] $37197Windstorm1990Western Europe ( Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg , Flag of Germany.svg , Flag of France.svg , others)
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami $15 [1] $25.6230,000–280,000Earthquake, tsunami2004Southeast Asia ( Flag of Indonesia.svg , Flag of Sri Lanka.svg , Flag of India.svg , others)
2010 Russian heat wave $15 [68] $22.156,000Wildfire, heatwave2010Flag of Russia.svg Russia
October 2017 Northern California wildfires $15 [69] [70] [ better source needed ]$19.744Wildfire2017 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2010 Chile earthquake $15–$30 [71] $22.1–$44.3525Earthquake2010Flag of Chile.svg Chile
2020 Beirut explosion $15 [72] $18.7218 Ammonium nitrate explosion2020 Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon
2024 European floods $14.9 [73] $15.3337+Flood2024Europe ( Flag of Spain.svg , Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg , Flag of Italy.svg , others)
2023 Western North America heat wave $14.8 [74] $15.6995Heatwave2023North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg )
2003 European heatwave $14.5 [75] $25.472,000Heatwave2003Europe ( Flag of Italy.svg , Flag of France.svg , Flag of Spain.svg , others)
1988 Armenian earthquake $14.2 [76] $38.738,000Earthquake1988Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia (Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union)
Hurricane Irene $14.2 [14] $20.358Tropical cyclone2011North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Puerto Rico.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , others)
Typhoon Jebi $13 [77] $16.721Tropical cyclone2018East Asia ( Flag of Japan.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of Russia.svg , others)
Cyclone Nargis $12.9 [78] $19.3138,366Tropical cyclone2008 Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar
November 2015 Paris attacks $12.7 [79] $17.3130Terror attack2015 Flag of France.svg France
2015 South India floods $12 [80] $16.3506Flood2015Flag of India.svg India
2020 Zagreb earthquake $11.7 [81] $14.61Earthquake2020Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia, Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia
August 2020 Midwest derecho $11.5 [82] $14.34 [82] Derecho2020Flag of the United States.svg United States
August 2016 Central Italy earthquake $11 [83] $14.8299Earthquake2016 Flag of Italy.svg Italy
2023 Emilia-Romagna floods $11 [84] $11.617Flood2023 Flag of Italy.svg Italy
2024 Spanish floods $11 [85] $11.3232Flood2024Flag of Spain.svg Spain
2025 Myanmar earthquake $11 [86] $115,456Earthquake2025Indochina ( Flag of Myanmar.svg , Flag of Thailand.svg , Flag of Vietnam.svg , others)
Typhoon Fitow $10.4 [87] $14.412Tropical cyclone2013 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
2011 Super Outbreak + Hackleburg–Phil Campbell and Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornadoes $10.2 [25] $14.6348Tornado outbreak2011 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2021 Western North America heat wave $10.1 [74] $121,400Heat wave2021Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada, Flag of the United States.svg United States
2016 Louisiana floods $10–$15 [88] $13.4–$20.113Flood2016 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1980 United States heat wave $10 [25] $39.11,700–10,000Drought1980 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Mireille $10 [89] $23.664Tropical cyclone1991 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
1999 Jiji earthquake $10 [90] $19.32,415Earthquake1999Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
2007 Chūetsu earthquake $10 [91] $15.511Earthquake2007Flag of Japan.svg Japan
April 2015 Nepal earthquake $10 [92] $13.68,964Earthquake2015Southern Asia ( Flag of Nepal.svg , Flag of India.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , others)
Cyclone Kyrill $10 [67] $15.544Windstorm2007Western Europe ( Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg , Flag of France.svg , Flag of Germany.svg , others)
June 2008 Midwest floods $10 [25] $1516Flood2008 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1976 Tangshan earthquake $10 [25] $56.6242,419–655,000Earthquake1976 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Typhoon Faxai $10 [93] $12.63Tropical cyclone2019Flag of Japan.svg Japan, Flag of the United States.svg Wake Island
2014 Ludian earthquake $9.91 [94] $13.5615–727Earthquake2014Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
2018 Japan floods $9.86 (official estimated)
[ citation needed ]
$12.4238 (official confirmed)Flood2018 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Hurricane Frances $9.8 [14] [95] [96] [97] $16.750Tropical cyclone2004North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Bahamas.svg )
Hurricane Hugo $9.5 [14] $24.760Tropical cyclone1989North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Puerto Rico.svg , Flag of France.svg , others)
Hurricane Georges $9.4 [14] $18.6604Tropical cyclone1998North America ( Flag of Puerto Rico.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , others)
Typhoon Lekima $9.28 [98] $11.7105Tropical cyclone2019Southeast Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of Malaysia.svg , others)
Cyclone Gabrielle $9.2 [99] $9.711Tropical cyclone2023 Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
2022 Nigeria floods $9.12 [100] $10612Flood2022Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
Tropical Storm Allison $9 [101] $16.455Tropical cyclone2001Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Typhoon Songda $9 [102] $15.328Tropical cyclone2004 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2022 Fukushima earthquake $8.8 [103] $9.74Earthquake2022 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
1999 İzmit earthquake $8.5 [104] $16.417,127–18,373Earthquake1999 Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Hurricane Gustav $8.3 [14] $12.4153Tropical cyclone2008North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , others)
Hurricane Eta $8.3 [36] $10.3189Tropical cyclone2020Caribbean basin ( Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg , Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , others)
2010 Haiti earthquake $8.1–$14 [105] [106] $12–$20.7100,000–220,000Earthquake2010 Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti
Cyclone Fani $8.1 [107] $10.289Tropical cyclone2019Flag of India.svg India, Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake $8 [108] $19.745,000Earthquake1990 Flag of Iran.svg Iran
2017 Puebla earthquake $8 [109] $10.5370Earthquake2017Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Hurricane Jeanne $7.9 [14] $13.53,035Tropical cyclone2004North America ( Flag of Haiti.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , others)
2016 Fort McMurray wildfire $7.61 [110] [111] $10.22Wildfire2016 Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
2022 China heat wave $7.6 [112] $8.450,900 [113] Heatwave2022Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
2023 Slovenia floods $7.6 [114] $87Flood2023Julian Alps ( Flag of Slovenia.svg , Flag of Austria.svg , Flag of Croatia.svg )
2001 Gujarat earthquake $7.5 [115] $13.620,023Earthquake2001 Flag of India.svg India, Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
2021 Pacific Northwest floods $7.5 [116] $8.95Flood2021Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada, Flag of the United States.svg United States
2024 Noto earthquake >$7.4 (estimated) [117] >$7.6705Earthquake2024 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Hurricane Sally $7.3 [82] $9.15 [82] Tropical cyclone2020Flag of the United States.svg United States
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 19–27, 2024 $7.3 [118] $7.531Tornado outbreak2024 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Rammasun $7.13 [119] $9.7196Tropical cyclone2014Southeast Asia ( Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of Vietnam.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , others)
2023 Al Haouz earthquake $7 [120] $7.42,960Earthquake2023 Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco
Exxon Valdez oil spill $7 [121] $18.20Contamination (oil)1989North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg )
Typhoon Nina + 1975 Banqiao Dam failure $6.7 [122] $40.1229,000Tropical cyclone, dam failure1975Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China, Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
Hurricane Floyd $6.5 [14] $12.674Tropical cyclone1999North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Bahamas.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg )
2007 United Kingdom floods $6.5 [123] $10.113Flood2007 Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom
Typhoon Hato $6.41 [124] [125] [126] $8.424Tropical cyclone2017Southeast Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of Macau.svg , Flag of Vietnam.svg , others)
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster $6.4 [127] $11.27Space flight accident2003 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Saomai-Osang $6.3 [128] $11.528Tropical cyclone2000East Asia ( Flag of Japan.svg , Flag of Russia.svg , Flag of South Korea.svg )
Black Saturday bushfires $6.3 [20] $9.5173Wildfire2009 Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake $6.2 [129] $8.1630Earthquake2017 Flag of Iran.svg Iran, Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq
Typhoon Morakot $6.2 [130] $9.3789Tropical cyclone2009Southeast Asia ( Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , others)
Hurricane Beryl $6.2 [131] $6.470Tropical cyclone2024Caribbean basin ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Grenada.svg , Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg , Flag of Venezuela.svg , others)
Hurricane Mitch $6.1 [14] $1211,374+Tropical cyclone1998North America ( Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg , Flag of Nicaragua.svg , Flag of Guatemala.svg , others)
Cyclone Xynthia $6.1 [67] $975Windstorm2010Western Europe ( Flag of France.svg , Flag of Spain.svg , Flag of Portugal (official).svg , others)
2020 Petrinja earthquake $6.1 [132] $7.67Earthquake2020Balkans ( Flag of Croatia.svg , Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg , Flag of Slovenia.svg , others)
Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024 $6.1 [118] $6.36Tornado outbreak2024 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1989 Loma Prieta earthquake $6 [133] $15.663Earthquake1989Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Prapiroon $6 [134] $11.275Tropical cyclone2000Northeast Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of South Korea.svg , Flag of Japan.svg , others)
Northeast blackout of 2003 $6 [135] $10.511Infrastructure failure (electric)2003 Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Cyclone Klaus $6 [67] $926Windstorm2009Southeastern Europe ( Flag of France.svg , Flag of Spain.svg , Flag of Italy.svg , others)
2013 Alberta floods $6 [136] $8.35Flood2013 Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Typhoon Shanshan $6 [137] $6.28Tropical cyclone2024Flag of Japan.svg Japan, Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023 $5.7 [138] $633 Tornado outbreak 2023 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2020 Kyushu floods $5.67 [139] $7.177Flood2020 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Cyclone Gudrun $5.5 [67] $9.124Windstorm2005North Europe ( Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg , Flag of Denmark.svg , Flag of Sweden.svg , others)
Hurricane Isabel $5.5 [14] $9.651Tropical cyclone2003 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1993 Storm of the Century $5.5 [140] $12.3270 [140] Winter storm1993Flag of the United States.svg United States
2023 Hawaii wildfires $5.5 [118] $5.8102Wildfire2023 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2005 Kashmir earthquake $5.2 [141] $8.686,000–87,351Earthquake2005Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan , Flag of India.svg India
1980 El Asnam earthquake $5.2 [142] $20.35,000Earthquake1980 Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria
Hurricane Dorian $5.1 [143] [144] [145] $6.484 [144] [145] Tropical cyclone2019North America ( Flag of the Bahamas.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , others)
1931 China floods $5.07 [146] $107.3422,499–4,000,000Flood1931Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
1985 Mexico City earthquake $5 [147] $1510,000–35,000Earthquake1985 Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Typhoon Herb $5 [148] $10.3284–590Tropical cyclone1996East Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of Japan.svg )
2003 Boumerdès earthquake $5 [51] $8.82,266Earthquake2003 Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria
2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull $5 [149] $7.40Volcanic eruption2010Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland, Northern Hemisphere (ash cloud only)
Tropical Storm Imelda $5 [150] $6.35 [150] Tropical cyclone2019Flag of the United States.svg United States
2025 Tibet earthquake $5 [151] $5126Earthquake2025Southern Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of Nepal.svg , Flag of India.svg )
2019 Karnataka floods $4.95 [152] $6.261Flood2019Flag of India.svg India
2014 Southeast Europe floods $4.8 [153] $6.586Flood2014Southeast Europe ( Flag of Serbia.svg , Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg , Flag of Croatia.svg , others)
2018 Kerala floods $4.8 [154] $6.2483Flood2018Flag of India.svg India
2021–2022 Malaysian floods $4.77 [155] $5.254Flood2022Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
Hurricane Opal $4.7 [14] $9.963Tropical cyclone1995North America ( Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , others)
1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake $4.67 [156] $9.411Earthquake1997Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Typhoon Haiyan $4.6 [157] [158] [159] $6.46,329–7,403Tropical cyclone2013Southeast Asia ( Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , others)
2022–2023 California floods $4.6 [160] $4.922Flood2022–23Flag of the United States.svg United States
1979 Montenegro earthquake $4.5 [161] $20136Earthquake1979Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia ( Flag of Montenegro.svg , Flag of Albania.svg , Flag of Croatia.svg )
1997 Central European flood $4.5 [162] $9114Flood1997Central Europe

( Flag of the Czech Republic.svg , Flag of Poland.svg , Flag of Germany.svg )

1997 Indonesian forest fires + 1997 Southeast Asian haze + Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 $4.47 [163] $9240Wildfire, subsequent haze and plane crash1997Southeast Asia ( Flag of Indonesia.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of Malaysia.svg , others)
1999 Odisha cyclone $4.44 [164] $8.69,887Tropical cyclone1999South Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Myanmar.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , others)
2020 Sudan floods $4.43 [165] $5.5100Flood2020Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan
Cyclone Gonu $4.42 [166] $6.978Tropical cyclone2007 Flag of Oman.svg Oman, Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Hurricane Zeta $4.4 [167] $5.59Tropical cyclone2020North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Jamaica.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , others)
Typhoon Mawar $4.3 [168] $4.56Tropical cyclone2023West Pacific basin ( Flag of Japan.svg , Flag of Guam.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , others)
Cyclone Phailin $4.26 [169] $5.946Tropical cyclone2013South Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Nepal.svg , Flag of Myanmar.svg , others)
1999 Athens earthquake $4.2 [170] $8.1143Earthquake1999 Flag of Greece.svg Greece
Typhoon Rusa $4.2 [171] $7.5238Tropical cyclone2002East Asia ( Flag of South Korea.svg , Flag of Japan.svg , Flag of North Korea.svg , others)
Hurricane Manuel $4.2 [172] $5.8123Tropical cyclone2013 Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003 $4.1 [25] $7.242Tornado2003 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2019 Iran floods $4.1 [173] $5.277Flood2019Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Great Storm of 1987 $4 [67] $11.322Windstorm1987Western Europe ( Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg , Flag of France.svg , Flag of Spain.svg , others)
2017 Chiapas earthquake $4 [174] $5.398Earthquake2017 Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico, Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala
Hurricane Dennis $3.98 [175] [176] $6.688Tropical cyclone2005North America and the Antiles ( Flag of Haiti.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , others)
1983 Spanish floods $3.9 [177] $12.634Flood1983Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Hurricane Stan $3.9 [178] $6.41,673Tropical cyclone2005Central America ( Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of El Salvador.svg , others)
Hurricane Karl $3.9 [179] $5.822Tropical cyclone2010Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico, Flag of Belize.svg Belize
Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021 $3.9 [180] $4.690Tornado2021 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Chido $3.9 [181] $4172+Cyclone2024South-west Africa ( Flag of Mozambique.svg , Flag of France.svg , Flag of Malawi.svg , others)
Typhoon Mangkhut $3.74 [182] $4.8134Tropical cyclone2018Southeast Asia ( Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , others)
2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods $3.7 [183] $3.8181Flood2024 Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil, Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay
Hurricane Isabel $3.6 [184] $6.351Tropical cyclone2003North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , Flag of the Bahamas.svg , others)
Cyclone Yasi $3.6 [185] $4.67Tropical cyclone2011 Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Cyclone Hudhud $3.58 [186] $4.9124Tropical cyclone2014Flag of India.svg India, Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal
Typhoon Utor $3.55 [187] $4.997Tropical cyclone2013Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China, Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Cyclone Matmo–Bulbul $3.54 [188] $4.543Tropical cyclone2019South Asia ( Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of India.svg , Flag of Vietnam.svg , others)
Vargas tragedy $3.5 [189] $6.810,000–30,000Flood, landslide and mudflow1999Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela
2016 Kaikōura earthquake $3.5 [190] $4.72Earthquake2016Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
Hurricane Idalia $3.5 [191] $3.712Tropical cyclone2023North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Bermuda.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , others)
Cyclone Vardah $3.37 [192] $4.547Tropical cyclone2016Indian Ocean basin ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Thailand.svg , Flag of Somalia.svg , others)
2022 eastern Australia floods $3.33 [193] $3.727Flood2022Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Hurricane Luis $3.3 [194] $719Tropical cyclone1995North America and the Antiles ( Flag of Sint Maarten.svg , Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg , Flag of Dominica.svg , others)
2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake $3.3 [195] $4.241Earthquake2018Flag of Japan.svg Japan
1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake $3.2 [196] $18.15,000Earthquake1976Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey, Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster $3.2 [197] $9.47 [198] Space flight accident1986 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Winnie $3.2 [199] $6.4372Tropical cyclone1997East Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , others)
2010 Central European floods $3.14 [200] $4.637Flood2010Central Europe ( Flag of Poland.svg , Flag of Austria.svg , Flag of the Czech Republic.svg , others)
Hurricane Isaac $3.11 [201] [202] $4.441Tropical cyclone2012North America and the Antiles ( Flag of Haiti.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , others)
1976 Moro Gulf earthquake $3.1 [203] $17.58,000Earthquake1976Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Hurricane Iniki $3.1 [14] $7.16Tropical cyclone1992 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2006 Yogyakarta earthquake $3.1 [204] $55,749Earthquake2006Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
2019–20 Puerto Rico earthquakes $3.1 [205] $3.94Earthquake2020 Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico
2023 Canadian wildfires $3.1 [206] $3.38Wildfire2023Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada, Flag of the United States.svg United States
Hurricane Delta $3.09 [207] $3.86Tropical cyclone2020North and Central America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Jamaica.svg , others)
Hurricane Fiona $3.09 [208] [209] $3.429Tropical cyclone2022North America ( Flag of Puerto Rico.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , others)
1964 Niigata earthquake $3.0 [210] $31.136Earthquake1964Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Hurricane Alicia $3.0 [211] $9.721Tropical cyclone1983Flag of the United States.svg United States
Hurricane Gilbert $3.0 [14] $8.2318Tropical cyclone1988North America ( Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Jamaica.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , others)
2016 Ecuador earthquake $3.0 [212] $4676Earthquake2016Latin America ( Flag of Ecuador.svg , Flag of Colombia.svg , Flag of Peru.svg )
2019 Arkansas River floods $3.0 [213] $3.85Flood2019Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Yaas $2.99 [214] $3.620Tropical cyclone2021South Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of Nepal.svg , others)
June 2012 North American derecho $2.9 [25] $4.122Derecho2012 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2019 Midwestern U.S. floods $2.9 [25] $3.73Flood2019 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Tropical Storm Lee $2.8 [215] $418Tropical cyclone2011Flag of the United States.svg United States
2011 Joplin tornado $2.8 [216] $4158Tornado2011 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Debbie $2.73 [217] $3.614Tropical cyclone2017Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia, Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
AZF chemical plant explosion $2.68 [218] $4.929Explosion2001 Flag of France.svg France
2010 Canterbury earthquake $2.63 [219] $3.92Earthquake2010Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
1989 Newcastle earthquake $2.6 [220] $6.813Earthquake1989Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019 $2.5 [25] $3.18Tornado2019 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2017 Montana wildfires $2.5 [25] $3.32Drought, wildfire2017 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2017 Minneapolis hailstorm $2.5 [25] $3.30Hailstorm2017 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Hurricane John $2.5 [221] $2.629Tropical cyclone2024Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
2024 Hualien earthquake $2.5 [222] $2.619Earthquake2024Eastern Asia ( Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of Japan.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg )
Hurricane Michelle $2.43 [223] $4.448Tropical cyclone2001North and Central America ( Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg , Flag of Nicaragua.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , others)
Severe weather sequence of July 13–16, 2024 $2.4 [118] $2.55Derecho, tornado outbreak, flood2024 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Gaemi $2.31 [224] [225] $2.4126Tropical cyclone2024Southeast Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of Vietnam.svg , others)
Cyclone Sidr $2.3 [226] $3.615,000Tropical cyclone2007Southern Asia ( Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of India.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , others)
2009 Sumatra earthquakes $2.3 [227] $3.51,115Earthquake2009Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
Typhoon Matsa $2.23 [228] $3.725Tropical cyclone2005East Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of Japan.svg , others)
2022 Luding earthquake $2.23 [229] $2.593Earthquake2022Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Storm Ciarán $2.22 [230] $2.321Windstorm2023Europe ( Flag of Italy.svg , Flag of France.svg , Flag of Belgium (civil).svg , others)
2017 Denver hailstorm $2.2 [25] $2.90Hailstorm2017 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2011 Van earthquakes $2.2 [231] $3.1642Earthquake2011Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Cyclone Mocha $2.2 [232] $2.3463–564Tropical cyclone2023Southern Asia ( Flag of Myanmar.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of India.svg , Flag of Sri Lanka.svg , others)
Cyclone Roanu $2.13 [233] $2.9135Tropical cyclone2016South Asia ( Flag of Sri Lanka.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of India.svg , others)
Hurricane Agnes $2.1 [234] $16.2128Tropical cyclone1972North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , others)
Cyclones BOB 03 and Yemyin $2.1 [235] [236] $3.3983Tropical cyclone2007South Asia ( Flag of Pakistan.svg , Flag of India.svg , Flag of the Taliban.svg )
Tornado outbreak of March 6–7, 2017 $2.1 [25] $2.80Tornado2017Flag of the United States.svg United States
2021 eastern Australia floods $2.1 [237] $2.55Flood2021Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Cyclone Komen $2.06 [238] [239] $2.8167Tropical cyclone2015South Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of Myanmar.svg )
2023 Jishishan earthquake $2.05 [240] $2.2151Earthquake2023Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Typhoon In-fa $2.04 [241] $2.46Tropical cyclone2021East Asia ( Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of Japan.svg , others)
Teton Dam disaster $2 [242] $11.311Dam failure1976Flag of the United States.svg United States
1977 Vrancea earthquake $2 [243] $10.61,700Earthquake1977Black Sea basin ( Flag of Romania.svg , Flag of Bulgaria.svg , Flag of Moldova.svg , others)
Hurricane Joan–Miriam $2 [244] $5.4337Tropical cyclone1988Central and South America ( Flag of Nicaragua.svg , Flag of Costa Rica.svg , Flag of Colombia.svg , others)
1999 Colombia earthquake $2 [245] $3.91,900–5,800Earthquake1999Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
December Storm $2 [246] $3.920Windstorm1999Central Europe ( Flag of Denmark.svg , Flag of Sweden.svg , Flag of Germany.svg )
2001 Nisqually earthquake $2 [247] $3.61Earthquake2001Flag of the United States.svg United States
Costa Concordia disaster $2 [248] $2.833Maritime disaster2012 Flag of Italy.svg Italy
2013 Moore tornado $2 [249] $2.826Tornado2013 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2022 Afghanistan floods $2 [250] $2.2670Flood2022Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan
2024 Persian Gulf floods $2 [251] $2.146Flood2024Persian Gulf basin ( Flag of Oman.svg , Flag of Iran.svg , Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg , others)
Hurricane Debby $2 [252] $2.110Tropical cyclone2024North America and Antiles ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , Flag of the Bahamas.svg , others)
2003 Tokachi earthquake $1.9 [253] $3.31Earthquake2003Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse $1.9 [254] $1.96Bridge collapse2024Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Aila $1.83 [255] $2.7339Tropical cyclone2009Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh, Flag of India.svg India
Typhoon Hinnamnor $1.81 [256] $220Tropical cyclone2022East Asia ( Flag of South Korea.svg , Flag of Russia.svg , Flag of Japan.svg , others)
Hurricane Fifi–Orlene $1.8 [257] $11.88,210Tropical cyclone1974Central America ( Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg , Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of Belize.svg , others)
2011 Groundhog Day blizzard $1.8 [258] $2.636 [258] Winter storm2011North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , Flag of Mexico.svg )
2023 North India floods $1.8 [259] $1.9422Flood2023Flag of India.svg India
Hurricane David $1.79 [260] $7.92,078Tropical cyclone1979North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , Flag of Dominica.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , others)
Hurricane Frederic $1.77 [261] $7.912Tropical cyclone1979North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Puerto Rico.svg , others)
Cyclone Jal $1.73 [262] $2.6118Tropical cyclone2010South and Southeast Asia ( Flag of Thailand.svg , Flag of India.svg , Flag of Malaysia.svg , others)
2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami $1.71 [263] $2.24,340 (confirmed)Earthquake and tsunami2018 Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
Piper Alpha explosion$1.7 [264] $4.5165Explosion (oil rig)1988 Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom
1991 Bangladesh cyclone $1.7 [265] $4138,866Tropical cyclone1991Southern Asia ( Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of India.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , others)
Deep Depression ARB 02 $1.64 [266] $2.5180Tropical cyclone2008Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen
Typhoon Man-yi $1.62 [267] $2.26Tropical cyclone2013Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2016 Kaikōura earthquake $1.62 [268] $2.22Earthquake2016Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
2001 El Salvador earthquakes $1.6 [269] $2.91,259Earthquake2001Latin America ( Flag of El Salvador.svg , Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg )
Hurricane Dolly $1.6 [270] [271] $2.422Tropical cyclone2008North and Central America ( Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , others)
2013 Lushan earthquake $1.6 [272] $2.2216Earthquake2013Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
2021 Haiti earthquake $1.6 [273] $1.92,248Earthquake2021 Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti
Hurricane Allen $1.57$6.1269Tropical cyclone1980North America ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Jamaica.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , others)
2020 Central Vietnam floods $1.57 [274] $2233Flood2020Indochina ( Flag of Vietnam.svg , Flag of Cambodia.svg < Flag of Laos.svg )
Cyclone Tauktae $1.57 [275] $1.9174Tropical cyclone2021South Asia ( Flag of India.svg , Flag of Pakistan.svg , Flag of Sri Lanka.svg , others)
2022 KwaZulu-Natal floods $1.57 [276] $1.7436Flood2022Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa
2020 Elazığ earthquake $1.56 [277] $1.941Earthquake2020 Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
2019 Dallas tornado $1.55 [278] $20Tornado2019 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Freddy $1.53 [279] $1.61,434Tropical cyclone2023Southern Africa ( Flag of Malawi.svg , Flag of Mozambique.svg , Flag of Madagascar.svg , others)
Autumn 2000 Western Europe floods $1.52 [280] $2.820Flood2000Western Europe ( Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg , Flag of France.svg , Flag of Italy.svg , others)
Hurricane Juan $1.5 [281] $4.512Tropical cyclone1985Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Hurricane Bob $1.5 [282] $3.517Tropical cyclone1991North Atlantic Ocean ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg , Flag of Portugal (official).svg )
2003 Bam earthquake $1.5 [283] $2.634,000Earthquake2003Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Typhoon Talim $1.5 [284] $2.5172Tropical cyclone2005Southeast Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg )
Hurricane Ingrid $1.5 [285] $2.132Tropical cyclone2013Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico, Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Mekunu $1.5 [286] $1.931Tropical cyclone2018Arabian Peninsula ( Flag of Yemen.svg , Flag of Oman.svg , Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg )
Brumadinho dam disaster $1.5 [287] $1.9270Dam failure2019Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Typhoon Hagupit $1.5 [288] $1.917Tropical cyclone2020East Asia ( Flag of South Korea.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , others)
Hurricane Francine $1.5 [289] $1.50Tropical cyclone2024Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Typhoon Jongdari $1.48 [290] [291] $1.90Tropical cyclone2018Flag of Japan.svg Japan, Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Tropical Storm Etau (2009) $1.44 [292] $2.228Tropical cyclone2009Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods $1.43 [293] $1.54Flood2023Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
Hurricane Camille $1.42 [3] $12.5259Tropical cyclone1969North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of Mexico.svg , others)
2020 Nashville tornado $1.418 [294] [295] $1.85Tornado2020 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Winston $1.4 [296] $1.944Tropical cyclone2016 Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji
Cyclone Idai $1.4 [297] $1.81,593Tropical cyclone2019Southern Africa ( Flag of Mozambique.svg , Flag of Zimbabwe.svg , Flag of Malawi.svg , others)
Hurricane Iota $1.4 [36] $1.784Tropical cyclone2020Latin America ( Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg , Flag of Colombia.svg , others)
2021 Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption $1.4 [298] $1.71Volcanic eruption2021Flag of Spain.svg Spain
2009 Messina floods and mudslides $1.39 [299] $2.131Flood and mudslides2009Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Hurricane Elena $1.3 [300] $3.99Tropical cyclone1985Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba
Tropical Storm Fred $1.3 [258] $1.57Tropical cyclone2021North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , Flag of Haiti.svg , others)
2021 Fukushima earthquake $1.3 [301] $1.51Earthquake2021 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
1993 Latur earthquake $1.3 [104] $2.99,748Earthquake1993 Flag of India.svg India
Hurricane Isidore $1.28 [302] [303] $2.322Tropical cyclone2002North and Central America ( Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , others)
2011 European floods $1.25 [304] [305] $1.817Flood2011Europe and North Africa ( Flag of Italy.svg , Flag of France.svg , Flag of Ireland.svg , others)
Hurricane Odile $1.25 [306] $1.718Tropical cyclone2014Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico, Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cedar Fire $1.24–$2 [307] $2.2 – $3.515Wildfire2003 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2020 Hyderabad floods $1.23 [308] $1.598Flood2020Flag of India.svg India
2020 Calgary hailstorm $1.2–$1.4 [36] [309] [310] $1.5 – $1.70Hailstorm2020 Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak $1.217 [311] $12.4266Tornado outbreak1965 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1996 Oman cyclone $1.2 [312] $2.5341Tropical cyclone1996Arabian Sea basin ( Flag of Oman.svg , Flag of Yemen.svg , Flag of Somalia.svg )
January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides $1.2 [313] $1.7916Flood, mudslides2011Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Cyclone Veronica $1.2 [314] $1.50Tropical cyclone2019Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia, Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor
Hurricane Elsa $1.2 [258] $1.413Tropical cyclone2021North America and the Antiles ( Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , Flag-of-Martinique.svg , others)
July–August 2022 United States floods $1.2 [315] $1.344Flood2022Flag of the United States.svg United States
2023 São Paulo floods and landslides $1.2 [316] $1.365Flood, landslide2023Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
2024 Houston derecho $1.2 [118] $1.28Derecho2024 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Fred $1.18 [317] $2.63,063Tropical cyclone1994East Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of Japan.svg )
Typhoon Haitang $1.17 [318] $1.920Tropical cyclone2005East Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of the Republic of China.svg , Flag of Japan.svg )
2010 Baja California earthquake $1.15 [319] $1.74Earthquake2010Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico, Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Ita $1.15 [320] [321] $1.640Tropical cyclone2014Oceania ( Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg , Flag of Australia (converted).svg , Flag of New Zealand.svg , others)
Typhoon Bopha $1.1 [322] $1.51,901Tropical cyclone2012 Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Three Mile Island accident $1.1 [323] $4.90Contamination (radiation)1979 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens $1.1 [324] $4.357Volcanic eruption, subsequent landslides and mudslides1980 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Tropical Storm Agatha $1.1 [325] $1.6204Tropical cyclone2010Central America ( Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of El Salvador.svg , others)
2013 North India floods $1.1 [326] $1.56,054Flood2013Flag of India.svg India, Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal
May 2021 South Central United States flooding $1.1 [327] $1.35Flood2021Flag of the United States.svg United States
Hurricane Nicholas $1.1 [328] $1.34Tropical cyclone2021Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment $1.1 [329] $1.20Contamination (hazardous materials)2023 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2019 Albania earthquake $1.09 [330] $1.451Earthquake2019Flag of Albania.svg Albania
2015 Tianjin explosions $1.08 (official estimated)
[ citation needed ]
$1.5173 (official confirmed)Explosion2015 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Typhoon Vamco $1.06 [331] $1.3102Tropical cyclone2020Southeast Asia ( Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of Vietnam.svg , others)
Cyclone Garance $1.05 [332] $1.15Tropical cyclone2025Southwest Indian Ocean ( Flag of France.svg , Flag of Madagascar.svg , Flag of Mauritius.svg )
Tropical Storm Alberto $1.03 [333] $2.233Tropical cyclone1994Flag of the United States.svg United States
Typhoon Damrey $1.03 [334] $1.4142Tropical cyclone2017Southeast Asia ( Flag of Vietnam.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of Cambodia.svg , others)
1923 Great Kantō earthquake $1 [335] $18.9142,800Earthquake1923Flag of Japan.svg Japan
1948 Fukui earthquake $1 [336] $13.43,769Earthquake1948Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Vajont Dam disaster $1 [337] $10.52,500Landslide, subsequent megatsunami and dam failure1963Flag of Italy.svg Italy
1963 Skopje earthquake $1 [338] $10.51,100Earthquake1963Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia (Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia)
1972 Nicaragua earthquake $1 [339] $7.710,000Earthquake1972Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua
1976 Guatemala earthquake $1 [340] $5.723,000Earthquake1976Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala, Flag of Belize.svg Belize
Typhoon Ketsana $1 [341] $1.5921Tropical cyclone2009Southeast Asia ( Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of Vietnam.svg , Flag of Cambodia.svg , Flag of Laos.svg )
Armero tragedy $1 [342] $322,540Volcano eruption, mudslides1985 Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
Surfside condominium collapse $1$1.298Structure failure2021 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1978 Thessaloniki earthquake $1 [108] $4.950Earthquake1978 Flag of Greece.svg Greece, Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia, Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria
1983 Sea of Japan earthquake $1 [343] $3.2104Earthquake1983Flag of Japan.svg Japan
1985 Algarrobo earthquake $1 [344] $3177Earthquake1985Flag of Chile.svg Chile
1987 Ecuador earthquakes $1 [345] $2.81,000–5,000Earthquake1987 Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador
1988 Nepal earthquake $1 [346] $2.7709Earthquake1988Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal, Flag of India.svg India
1992 Cairo earthquake $1 [347] $2.3561Earthquake1992Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt
1994 Páez River earthquake $1 [348] $2.21,100Earthquake1994Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake $1 [349] $2145Earthquake1998Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
1999 Düzce earthquake $1 [350] $1.9845–894Earthquake1999 Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado $1 [249] $1.941Tornado1999 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2014 South Napa earthquake $1 [351] $1.41Earthquake2014Flag of the United States.svg United States
Cyclone Luban $1 [352] $1.314Tropical cyclone2018Arabian Sea basin ( Flag of Yemen.svg , Flag of Oman.svg , Flag of Somalia.svg )
Hurricane Nicole $1 [353] $1.111Tropical cyclone2022North America and the Antiles ( Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of the Bahamas.svg , others)
2024 Chile wildfires $1 [354] $1137–507Wildfire2024Flag of Chile.svg Chile

Under $1 billion

This table lists notable disasters which are estimated to have an economic cost of less than 1 billion United States dollars without taking inflation into account. This includes historical disasters, such as the Great Chicago Fire, which would surpass the value of $1 billion in modern currency.

Note: All damage figures are listed in millions of United States dollars.

List of disasters by cost. Under $1 billion. Actual, and inflated to 2025 (unless otherwise stated)
EventCost ($ millions)FatalitiesTypeYearNation(s)
NominalInflated
Cyclone Akash $982 [355] $152514Tropical cyclone2007South Asia ( Flag of Bangladesh.svg , Flag of Myanmar.svg , Flag of India.svg )
2013 Washington, Illinois tornado $935 [356] [357] $12923Tornado2013 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2016 Great Smoky Mountains wildfires $922 [358] $123714Wildfire2016 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Daulatpur–Saturia tornado $1.5-900 [359] [360] [ AI-retrieved source ]$3.9 – $2337.61,300Tornado1989Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
2020 Korea floods $875 [361] $108932Flood2020 Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea
1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquakes $812 [362] $287622Earthquake1981Flag of Greece.svg Greece
2019 Sichuan earthquake $812 [363] $102313Earthquake2019Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
1978 Miyagi earthquake $800 [364] $394928Earthquake1978Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Cyclone Nisha $800 [365] $1196204Tropical cyclone2008Flag of India.svg India, Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
Cyclone Helen $796 [366] $110010Tropical cyclone2013Flag of India.svg India
Hurricane Nate $787 [367] [368] $103448Tropical cyclone2017North and Central America ( Flag of Nicaragua.svg , Flag of Costa Rica.svg , Flag of Panama.svg , others)
Hurricane Flora $773 [369] $81297,193Tropical cyclone1963North and Central America ( Flag of Haiti.svg , Flag of Cuba.svg , Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg , others)
2021 South Moravia tornado $716 [370] $8516Tornado2021Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic
1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption $700 [371] $1655800Volcano1991 Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
2011 Slave Lake wildfire $700 [372] $10021Wildfire2011 Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
1995 Aigio earthquake $660 [373] $139526Earthquake1995Flag of Greece.svg Greece
2021 Maduo earthquake $646 [374] $76820Earthquake2021Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
5 August 2018 Lombok earthquake $607 [375] $778563Earthquake2018Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
1974 Super Outbreak + Xenia tornado $600 [376] $3917335Tornado outbreak1974 Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg United States and Canada
1993 Okushiri earthquake $600 [377] $1337230Earthquake1993Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2015 Illapel earthquake $600 [378] $81515Earthquake2015 Flag of Chile.svg Chile, Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina
Cyclone Tracy $500 – $600 [379] $3264 – $391771Tropical cyclone1974 Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
2018 Ponte Morandi collapse $575 [380] $73743Bridge collapse2018Flag of Italy.svg Italy
1960 Valdivia earthquake $550 [381] $59866,000Earthquake1960Pacific Rim ( Flag of Chile.svg , Flag of the United States.svg , Flag of Japan.svg , others)
2011 Lorca earthquake $534 [382] $7649Earthquake2011Flag of Spain.svg Spain
1970 Ancash earthquake $530 [383] $439470,000Earthquake1970Flag of Peru.svg Peru
2024 Uqturpan earthquake $527 [363] $5413Earthquake2024Central Asia ( Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , Flag of Kazakhstan.svg , Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg , others)
2000 Mozambique flood $525 [384] $982800Flood2000Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique
1906 San Francisco earthquake $524 [385] $187773,000Earthquake1906Flag of the United States.svg United States
I-35W Mississippi River Bridge collapse$483 [386] [387] [388] – $543 [389] $750 – 84313Structure failure2007 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake $500 [390] $65725Earthquake2017Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
1971 San Fernando earthquake $500 [391] $397565Earthquake1971Flag of the United States.svg United States
1984 Romeoville petroleum refinery disaster $500 [392] $154917Explosion1984 Flag of the United States.svg United States
October 1999 Mexico floods $491.3 [393] $950636Flood1999Central America ( Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Guatemala.svg , Flag of Honduras (1949-2022, 2026-present).svg , others)
Typhoon Tip $484 [394] $214799Tropical cyclone1979East Asia ( Flag of Japan.svg , Flag of the Philippines.svg , Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg , others)
2011 Shan earthquake $475 [395] $680151Earthquake2011Indochina ( Flag of Myanmar.svg , Flag of Thailand.svg , Flag of Laos.svg , others)
1995 Kozani–Grevena earthquake $450 [396] $9510Earthquake1995Flag of Greece.svg Greece
2007 Peru earthquake $450 [397] $699595Earthquake2007Flag of Peru.svg Peru
2014 Aegean Sea earthquake $450 [398] $6123Earthquake2014Southeastern Europe ( Flag of Greece.svg , Flag of Turkey.svg , Flag of Bulgaria.svg )
1964 Alaska earthquake $400 [399] $4152139Earthquake1964Flag of the United States.svg United States, Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
1990 Carlentini earthquake $400 [400] $98619Earthquake1990Flag of Italy.svg Italy
2020 Aegean Sea earthquake $400 [36] $498119Earthquake and tsunami2020Flag of Greece.svg Greece, Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Ariane 5 Flight 501 $370 [401] $7600Space flight accident1996 Flag of France.svg French Guiana
1990 Luzon earthquake $369 [402] $9091,621Earthquake1990Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
New York City blackout of 1977 $350 [403] $18601Infrastructure failure (electric)1977 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1935 Yangtze flood $333 [404] $7820145,000Flood1935Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Mars Climate Orbiter & Mars Polar Lander $328 [405] $6340Space flight accident1999 Flag of the United States.svg United States
Hurricane Keith $319 [406] $59668Tropical cyclone2000Central America ( Flag of Mexico.svg , Flag of Belize.svg , Flag of Nicaragua.svg , others)
1995 Neftegorsk earthquake $300 [407] $6341,989Earthquake1995Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Hitomi breakup$273 [408] $3660Space flight accident2016 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Typhoon Vera $261 [409] $28835,098 (official confirmed)Tropical cyclone1959 Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2022 West Java earthquake $256 [410] $282635Earthquake2022Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
1953 Worcester tornado $250 [411] [295] $300890Tornado1953 Flag of the United States.svg United States
1971 Aconcagua earthquake $250 [412] $198783Earthquake1971Flag of Chile.svg Chile
2024 Port Vila earthquake $232 [413] $23814+Earthquake2024Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu
Great Chicago Fire $222 [414] $5966300Fire1871 Flag of the United States.svg United States
2001 southern Peru earthquake $215 [415] $391145Earthquake2001Flag of Peru.svg Peru
1907 Qaratog earthquake $200 [416] $691115,000Earthquake1907Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan, Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan
1985 Kayrakkum earthquake $200 [417] $59929Earthquake1985Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan
2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami $200 [418] $300189Earthquake2009South Pacific Ocean ( Flag of Samoa.svg , Flag of American Samoa.svg , Flag of Tonga.svg , others)
2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami $182 [419] $2007Volcanic eruption and tsunami2022Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga
2025 Tainan–Chiayi earthquake $162 [420] $1620Earthquake2025Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
1967 Caracas earthquake $140 [421] $1448300Earthquake1967Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela
CryoSat-1 $118 [422] $1950Space flight accident2005 Flag of Russia.svg Russia
1970 Bhola cyclone $86.4 [423] $716300,000Tropical cyclone1970Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh, Flag of India.svg India
1908 Messina earthquake $86.3 [424] $309275,000–82,000Earthquake1908Flag of Italy.svg Italy
1997 Cariaco earthquake $81 [425] $16281Earthquake1997Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela
1915 Avezzano earthquake $60 [426] $191032,610Earthquake1915Flag of Italy.svg Italy
2021 West Sulawesi earthquake $58.1 [427] $69105Earthquake2021Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
1962 Vallés floods $44.2 (official estimated)[ citation needed ]$470617 (official confirmed)Flood1962[ citation needed ]Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Sinking of the Titanic $25 [428] [429] $8341,490 – 1,635Shipwreck1912 Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom
Mariner 1 $18.1 [430] $1930Space flight accident1962 Flag of the United States.svg United States

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