This is a list of county courthouses and other non-federal courthouses in Texas, both current and former. For federal courthouses located in Texas, see List of United States federal courthouses in Texas.
The U.S. state of Texas has 254 counties, the most of any U.S. state. County borders and sizes were essentially set so that a courthouse would be within one day's travel, which, given slow transportation, meant many counties. [1] The county courthouse system in the Republic of Texas was developed in 1845, which were designed to house government offices, a courtroom, and a jail. After statehood, Texas county courthouses kept their powers. [2]
The counties of Texas were often first served by a tree, tent, or another building before judicial functions moved into a log cabin or dugout. [3] During the later 19th century, most county courthouses were simple wooden or stone two-story rectangular buildings. [4] Due to difficulties during the Civil War and Reconstruction, no new courthouses were built until the late 19th century, when a large number were constructed. [4] Architect James Riely Gordon built 18 county courthouses, 12 of which survive; Wyatt C. Hedrick built 7. [5] Other architects from this time period included Atlee Ayres, Nicholas J. Clayton, W.C. Dodson, Alfred Giles, Eugene T. Heiner, and Frederick and Oscar Ruffini. [4]
Another wave of courthouse buildings occurred during the early 20th century, as the statewide economy boomed and transportation infrastructure expanded. Architects of this period included David S. Castle, Lang & Witchell, and Charles Henry Page. [6] Courthouses were also common Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects during the Great Depression. During this time, numerous courthouses were expanded and remodeled. [7]
Texas courthouses often reflect the architectural styles that were popular at the time they were built. Many of the surviving Late Victorian Era courthouses have Romanesque Revival, Renaissance Revival, Neoclassical, and Second Empire features. [5] [8] While some of these styles persisted into the 20th century, newly-developed styles, such as Beaux-Arts and Mission Revival, began to be incorporated. [6] During the WPA's projects, many courthouses were replaced or remodeled with Moderne, Stripped Classicist, International, and Art Deco elements. [9] Finally, the most recent courthouses and expansions are designed in the Modern and Brutalist styles. [10]
Government buildings were often constructed around a central plaza or public square, which became a center of town life and economy, and this layout has persisted. [11] Several of the squares include statues, war memorials, and historic trees on the grounds; many also function as markets. [12]
Many original structures have been lost to fire, including those in Austin, Hill, Mason, and Newton counties. [5] [13] Arson has been suspected or confirmed in some cases. [14] The oldest continuous site still inhabited by a county courthouse is in Liberty County, where its courthouse has stood—although rebuilt—since 1831. [15]
In 1971 and 1972, two Texas Courthouse Acts were passed, which require the county to notify the Texas Historical Commission (THC) of any plans to remodel or destroy historic courthouses. [16] The THC's Courthouse Preservation Program funds restoration works on historic courthouse buildings. [17]
Key
Listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places |
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of a Historic District |
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark |
The Texas Historical Commission is an agency dedicated to historic preservation within the U.S. state of Texas. It administers the National Register of Historic Places for sites in Texas.
Wyatt Cephus Hedrick was an American architect, engineer, and developer most active in Texas and the American South. He began his career as an engineer, working in Virginia and Texas. He started his own firm in Fort Worth, and later merged with the architecture firm of Sanguinet & Staats before buying out the interests of the senior partners.
The Shackelford County Courthouse Historic District is a historic district in Albany, Texas. It is roughly bounded by South 1st, South 4th, South Jacobs, and South Pecan Streets, centered on the courthouse square. Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, the district includes the Shackelford County Courthouse and a number of surrounding Victorian buildings dating from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The Llano County Courthouse and Jail were erected separately, but added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas on December 2, 1977, as one entry. The courthouse, located in the middle of Llano's historic square, was built in 1893. The exterior is made of sandstone, marble, and granite. The interior of the courthouse was damaged by fire in 1932 and again in 1951. It is still in use today by local government. The jail was erected in 1895, with the prisoner cells on the second and third floors, and the ground level solely for the office and living accommodations for the sheriff and his family. The jail was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark 1979, Marker 9448. The courthouse was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark 1980, Marker number 9446.
The Milam County Courthouse and Jail are two separate historic county governmental buildings located diagonally opposite each other in Cameron, Milam County, Texas. The Milam County Courthouse, located at 100 South Fannin Avenue, was built in 1890–1892, while the Milam County Jail, now known as the Milam County Museum, was built in 1895. On December 20, 1977, they were added to the National Register of Historic Places as a single entry.
The Wilson County Courthouse and Jail are located in Floresville, Texas. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas in 1978 and the courthouse as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1984.
Brooks County Courthouse is located in Falfurrias, in the U.S. state of Texas. The structure was designed by Alfred Giles in 1914 in the Classic revival style. Prior to the erection of the brick county courthouse, local government housed itself in rented space. The courthouse was named a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1977. Renovation began on the courthouse in 2006.
Alfred Giles was a British architect who emigrated to the United States in 1873 at the age of 20. Many of the private homes and public buildings designed by Giles are on the National Register of Historic Places and have been designated Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks. Based in San Antonio, his buildings can be found predominantly in south Texas and northern Mexico. Giles is credited with "a profound influence on architecture in San Antonio."
The San Augustine County Courthouse and Jail is a historic courthouse located at the corner of Main and Broadway in San Augustine, Texas. The structure was designed by architect Shirley Simons and built in 1927 by the firm of Campbell and White. The courthouse has an exterior facade made of Texas lueders limestone with green Ludowicki tile on the roof and matching trim. The building reflects a Classical Revival style of architecture. The building includes one of the largest courtrooms in East Texas, featuring two-story Palladian-style windows. A statue of James Pinckney Henderson, the first Governor of Texas, was installed in front of the courthouse in 1937. The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The listing included two contributing buildings and one contributing object. The Texas Historical Commission provided San Augustine County with a $3.7 million grant to restore the courthouse.
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kimble County, Texas.
The Jeff Davis County Courthouse is located in the town of Fort Davis, the seat of Jeff Davis County in the U.S. state of Texas. The courthouse was constructed between 1910-1911 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. The Texas Historical Commission (THC) has also designated the building as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark since 2000 and, along with the surrounding courthouse square, as a State Antiquities Landmark since 2003. The surrounding county and county seat, along with the nearby historic frontier fort at Fort Davis National Historic Site, are named after Jefferson Davis, who served as U.S. war secretary at the time of the establishment of the fort and the town, and who would later become president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.
The Hudspeth County Courthouse is located in the town of Sierra Blanca, the seat of Hudspeth County in the U.S. state of Texas. The courthouse was constructed in 1919 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The Texas Historical Commission (THC) has also designated the building as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark since 1962 and as a State Antiquities Landmark since 1981. The county is named for Claude Benton Hudspeth who served as a U.S. representative from El Paso and previously in both houses of the Texas Legislature where, as a member of the Texas Senate, he was influential in the county's creation.
The Fayette County Courthouse and the Fayette County Jail are two historic buildings in La Grange, Texas. The courthouse was designed by James Riely Gordon and built in 1891 by Martin, Byrne and Johnston. The jail was built earlier in 1881 by Fritz Schulte and designed by John Andrewartha and James Wahrenberger. Both buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as a single listing on January 23, 1975. and designated a Texas State Antiquities Landmark on January 1, 1981 by the Texas Historical Commission (THC). Texas historical marker number 12627 erected in 2001 commemorates the courthouse's status as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, marker no. 18757 placed in 2017 does likewise for the jail. On January 16, 2001 both buildings were designated and recorded in the NRHP as contributing properties to the Fayette County Courthouse Square Historic District.
The Fayette County Courthouse Square Historic District in La Grange, Texas is a historic district roughly bounded by Main, Lafayette, Franklin, Colorado, Jefferson, Washington, and Crockett Streets. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 16, 2001. Two notable buildings in the district are the Fayette County Courthouse and Jail. Forty–seven buildings, three structures and four objects were identified as contributing to the historic nature of the district.
The Bell County Courthouse in Belton, Texas was built in 1884. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
The San Jacinto County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse in the San Jacinto county seat of Coldspring, Texas. It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 2000 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
The Erath County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Stephenville, Texas. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Newton County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Newton, Texas. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Van Zandt County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Canton, Texas. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Cooke County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Gainesville, Texas. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.