This is a list of courthouses in the United States. American courthouses are very often significant, as they are public buildings usually built to convey solidity and to command respect. Many have hosted important trials, or are significant for their architecture, and thus many have been designated as historic sites.
There exist current or former county courthouses corresponding to the county seats (or shire towns) of most of the United States' 3,144 counties or county-equivalents, and also to a number of former counties.
Louisiana has parishes and parish seats rather than counties and county seats; this list includes its notable parish courthouses.
Connecticut no longer has county governments; this list includes its historic county courthouses and also the state's currently functioning courthouses serving 20 geographical areas that do not correspond to the former counties.[1]
Massachusetts
Alaska has boroughs and borough-equivalents, and borough seats. It has 39 trial court locations[2] and has appellate courts in Anchorage and Fairbanks.
Some counties have branch courthouses, including Pinellas County, Florida (county seat Clearwater, branch in St. Petersburg) and Marion County, Missouri (county seat Palmyra for District 1, Hannibal for District 2).
Alaska has boroughs and non-borough census areas. Its equivalent to a county seat is a borough seat. It has 39 trial court locations[2] and appellate courts in at least Fairbanks and Anchorage.
Selected non-Federal courthouses in Alaska include:
The new building and the Old East Carroll Parish Courthouse building, built in 1935 and 1879, are both contributing buildings in NRHP-listed Old Courthouse Square.
Part of a rambling complex, whose original portion was designed by Gridley J. F. Bryant. Addition in 1895 designed by Wilfred E. Mansur moved the cupola to the new center of the building. NRHP-listed (refnum 89002340).
Built at cost of $2970.75, this served as a courthouse only briefly: in 1891 a vote moved the county seat to Standish. Sold to local Masonic group for $500 in 1893. Also known as "Omer Masonic Hall". NRHP-listed (refnum 82002823).
Historically Mississippi may have had a county court in each of its 82 counties but in 2016, Mississippi has just 19 county courts. There are in fact at least five distinct types of non-Federal courts in Mississippi:
County courts are created by the state legislature to reduce the workload of circuit courts and chancery courts. Adams County Court, for example, has one County Court judge, and has "exclusive jurisdiction over matters involving eminent domain, unlawful entry and detainer, youth courts and partition of personal property." It also "shares jurisdiction with Justice Court in all matters, civil and criminal [and it] also shares jurisdiction with the Circuit and Chancery Courts in all matters of law and equity up to $200,000. The County Court Judge also hears non-capital felony criminal cases transferred by the Circuit Court."[12]
Circuit courts have "original jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters not vested exclusively in another court", and most circuit court cases are handled by juries.[13]
Chancery courts cover "domestic/family matters, divorce, child custody, property division, adoptions, alimony, estates of descendants, land issues (titles, contracts), emancipation (declaring a minor to be 21 for work purposes), property title confirmation, property disputes (over $50,000), insurance settlements to minors, and commitments of mentally disabled."[14]
Justice courts covers traffic tickets, civil cases including small claims and felony cases through initial appearances and preliminary hearings.[15]
Youth court covers "matters involving delinquent children, children in need of supervision, and neglected and/or abused children."[16]
County and other non-Federal courthouses, historical and current, include:
Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. It is in the Western United States region. The only other non-contiguous U.S. state is Hawaii. Alaska is also considered to be the northernmost, westernmost, and easternmost state in the United States. To the east, it borders the Yukon territory of Canada and the province of British Columbia. It shares a western maritime border, in the Bering Strait, with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas of the Arctic Ocean lie to the north, and the Pacific Ocean lies to the south. Technically a semi-exclave of the U.S., it is the largest exclave in the world.
A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equivalent term, shire town, is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions.
Juneau, officially the City and Borough of Juneau, is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alaska, located in the Gastineau Channel and the Alaskan panhandle. Juneau was named the capital of Alaska in 1906, when the government of what was then the District of Alaska was moved from Sitka as dictated by the U.S. Congress in 1900. On July 1, 1970, the City of Juneau merged with the City of Douglas and the surrounding Greater Juneau Borough to form the current consolidated city-borough, which ranks as the second-largest municipality in the United States by area and is larger than both Rhode Island and Delaware.
Fairbanks is a home rule city and the borough seat of the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States. Fairbanks is the largest city in the Interior region of Alaska and the second largest in the state. The 2020 Census put the population of the city proper at 32,515 and the population of the Fairbanks North Star Borough at 95,655, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Alaska after Anchorage. The Metropolitan Statistical Area encompasses all of the Fairbanks North Star Borough and is the northernmost Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States, located 196 miles by road south of the Arctic Circle.
The United States District Court for the District of Alaska is a federal court that appeals to the Ninth Circuit.
The Alaska State Troopers, officially the Division of Alaska State Troopers (AST), is the state police agency of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is a division of the Alaska Department of Public Safety (DPS). The AST is a full-service law enforcement agency that handles both traffic and criminal law enforcement. The AST is also involved in apprehending fugitives as part of the Alaska Fugitive Task Force, an inter-agency collaborative of Alaska police departments that cooperates with police agencies throughout the United States and less commonly with Interpol in apprehending wanted men and women. Unlike many lower 48 states, the AST also serves as Alaska’s primary environmental law enforcement agency; troopers assigned to the AST’s Division of Alaska Wildlife Troopers are known as "Alaska Wildlife Troopers" and primarily serve as game wardens, although they retain the same powers as other Alaskan state troopers.
Anchorage, officially the Municipality of Anchorage, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alaska. With a population of 291,247 at the 2020 census, it contains nearly 40 percent of the state's population. The Anchorage metropolitan area, which includes Anchorage and the neighboring Matanuska-Susitna Borough, had a population of 398,328 in 2020, accounting for more than half the state's population. At 1,706 sq mi (4,420 km2) of land area, the city is the fourth-largest by area in the U.S.
George Murray Sullivan was an American politician who served as the 26th mayor of the City of Anchorage from 1967 to 1975 and the 1st mayor of the Municipality of Anchorage from 1975 to 1981.
As of 2020, Alaska has a population of 733,391.
Alaska occupies the northwestern portion of the North American continent and is bordered only by Canada on the east. It is one of two U.S. states not bordered by another state; Hawaii is the other. Alaska has more ocean coastline than all of the other U.S. states combined. About 500 miles (800 km) of Canadian territory consisting of British Columbia separate Alaska from Washington U.S. state. Alaska is thus an exclave of the United States that is part of the continental U.S. and the U.S. West Coast, but is not part of the contiguous U.S.
Although in its early years of statehood, Alaska was a Democratic state, since the early 1970s it has been characterized as Republican-leaning. Local political communities have often worked on issues related to land use development, fishing, tourism, and individual rights. Alaska Natives, while organized in and around their communities, have been active within the Native corporations. These have been given ownership over large tracts of land, which require stewardship. The state has an independence movement favoring a vote on secession from the United States, with the Alaskan Independence Party, but its membership has shrunk in recent decades.
The 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska took place on November 2, 2010, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Alaska, alongside 33 U.S. Senate elections in other states, elections in all states for the U.S. House of Representatives, as well as various state and local elections. The general election was preceded by primary elections which were held on August 24, 2010. Scott McAdams, the Mayor of Sitka, became the Democratic nominee; Joe Miller, an attorney and former federal magistrate, became the Republican nominee after defeating incumbent U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski. Miller was endorsed by the Tea Party movement and former Governor Sarah Palin. Murkowski announced that despite her defeat in the primary, she would run in the general election as a write-in candidate.
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Alaska:
A Mississippi Landmark is a building officially nominated by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History and approved by each county's chancery clerk. The Mississippi Landmark designation is the highest form of recognition bestowed on properties by the state of Mississippi, and designated properties are protected from changes that may alter the property's historic character. Currently there are 890 designated landmarks in the state. Mississippi Landmarks are spread out between eighty-one of Mississippi's eighty-two counties; only Issaquena County has no such landmarks.
Joseph Wayne Miller is an American attorney and politician. He is best known as the runner-up in both the 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska and the following 2016 election. A member of the Republican Party, he faced Lisa Murkowski in both races, and has aligned himself with the Libertarian Party and Constitution Party.
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