Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channels or CNG channels are ion channels that function in response to the binding of cyclic nucleotides. CNG channels are nonselective cation channels that are found in the membranes of various tissue and cell types, and are significant in sensory transduction as well as cellular development. Their function can be the result of a combination of the binding of cyclic nucleotides and either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization event. Initially discovered in the cells that make up the retina of the eye, CNG channels have been found in many different cell types across both the animal and the plant kingdoms. CNG channels have a very complex structure with various subunits and domains that play a critical role in their function. CNG channels are significant in the function of various sensory pathways including vision and olfaction, as well as in other key cellular functions such as hormone release and chemotaxis. CNG channels have also been found to exist in prokaryotes, including many spirochaeta, though their precise role in bacterial physiology remains unknown.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAO1 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG2 gene.
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2A gene. Functional sodium channels contain an ion conductive alpha subunit and one or more regulatory beta subunits. Sodium channels which contain sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha are sometimes called Nav1.2 channels.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAT2 gene.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAT1 gene.
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1, also known as CNGA1, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein. Heterologously expressed CNGA1 can form a functional channel that is permeable to calcium. In rod photoreceptors, however, CNGA1 forms a heterotetramer with CNGB1 in a 3:1 ratio. The addition of the CNGB1 channel imparts altered properties including more rapid channel kinetics and greater cAMP-activated current. When light hits rod photoreceptors, cGMP concentrations decrease causing rapid closure of CNGA1/B1 channels and, therefore, hyperpolarization of the membrane potential.
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNMB2 gene.
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNMB3 gene.
Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 1, also known as CNGB1, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein.
Sodium channel subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2B gene.
Cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 2, also known as CNGA2, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT2 gene.
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNMB4 gene.
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN3 gene.
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily F member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNF1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a voltage-gated potassium channel subunit.
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNG4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a voltage-gated potassium channel subunit.
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily V member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNV2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a voltage-gated potassium channel subunit.
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNH7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a voltage-gated potassium channel subunit.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3, also known as gustducin alpha-3 chain, is a protein subunit that in humans is encoded by the GNAT3 gene.
