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Transient receptor potential channels are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. Most of these are grouped into two broad groups: Group 1 includes TRPC, TRPV, TRPVL, TRPM, TRPS, TRPN, and TRPA. Group 2 consists of TRPP and TRPML. Other less-well categorized TRP channels exist, including yeast channels and a number of Group 1 and Group 2 channels present in non-animals. Many of these channels mediate a variety of sensations such as pain, temperature, different kinds of taste, pressure, and vision. In the body, some TRP channels are thought to behave like microscopic thermometers and used in animals to sense hot or cold. Some TRP channels are activated by molecules found in spices like garlic (allicin), chili pepper (capsaicin), wasabi ; others are activated by menthol, camphor, peppermint, and cooling agents; yet others are activated by molecules found in cannabis or stevia. Some act as sensors of osmotic pressure, volume, stretch, and vibration. Most of the channels are activated or inhibited by signaling lipids and contribute to a family of lipid-gated ion channels.
TRPV is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels in animals. All TRPVs are highly calcium selective.
Mucolipin-1(ML1) also known as TRPML1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCOLN1 gene. It is a member of the small family of the TRPML channels, a subgroup of the large protein family of TRP ion channels.
TRPP is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels which when mutated can cause polycystic kidney disease.
TRPM6 is a transient receptor potential ion channel associated with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia.
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 2, also known as TRPC2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC2 pseudogene. This protein is not expressed in humans but is in certain other species such as mouse.
Short transient receptor potential channel 3 (TrpC3) also known as transient receptor protein 3 (TRP-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC3 gene. The TRPC3/6/7 subfamily are implicated in the regulation of vascular tone, cell growth, proliferation and pathological hypertrophy. These are diacylglycerol-sensitive cation channels known to regulate intracellular calcium via activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway and/or by sensing Ca2+ store depletion. Together, their role in calcium homeostasis has made them potential therapeutic targets for a variety of central and peripheral pathologies.
The short transient receptor potential channel 4 (TrpC4), also known as Trp-related protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC4 gene.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), also known as long transient receptor potential channel 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM5 gene.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (hTRPM4), also known as melastatin-4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM4 gene.
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 7, also known as TRPC7, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM3 gene.
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3, also known as TRPV3, is a human gene encoding the protein of the same name.
Polycystin-2(PC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD2 gene.
Mucolipin-2 also known as TRPML2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCOLN2 gene. It is a member of the small family of the TRPML channels, a subgroup of the large protein family of TRP ion channels.
Mucolipin-3 also known as TRPML3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCOLN3 gene. It is a member of the small family of the TRPML channels, a subgroup of the large protein family of TRP ion channels.
The Polycystin Cation Channel (PCC) Family consists of several transporters ranging in size from 500 to over 4000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibiting between 5 and 18 transmembrane segments (TMSs). This family is a constituent of the Voltage-Gated Ion Channel (VIC) Superfamily. These transporters generally catalyze the export of cations. A representative list of proteins belonging to the PCC family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
The transient receptor potential Ca2+ channel (TRP-CC) family (TC# 1.A.4) is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily and consists of cation channels conserved from worms to humans. The TRP-CC family also consists of seven subfamilies (TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPN, TRPA, TRPP, and TRPML) based on their amino acid sequence homology:
- the canonical or classic TRPs,
- the vanilloid receptor TRPs,
- the melastatin or long TRPs,
- ankyrin (whose only member is the transmembrane protein 1 [TRPA1])
- TRPN after the nonmechanoreceptor potential C (nonpC), and the more distant cousins,
- the polycystins
- and mucolipins.
MK6-83 is a chemical compound which acts as a channel opener for the TRPML family of calcium channels, with moderate selectivity for TRPML1 over the related TRPML2 and TRPML3 subtypes.
ML-SI3 is a chemical compound which acts as an "antagonist" of the TRPML family of calcium channels, with greatest activity at the TRPML1 channel, although it also blocks the related TRPML2 and TRPML3 channels with lower affinity. It is used for research into the role of TRPML1 and its various functions in lysosomes and elsewhere in the body.
References
- ↑ Nilius B, Owsianik G, Voets T, Peters JA (2007). "Transient receptor potential cation channels in disease". Physiol. Rev. 87 (1): 165–217. doi:10.1152/physrev.00021.2006. PMID 17237345.
- 1 2 Colletti GA, Kiselyov K (January 2011). "Chapter 11: TRPML1". In Islam MS (ed.). Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 704. Berlin: Springer. p. 700. ISBN 978-94-007-0264-6.
- ↑ Flores EN, García-Añoveros J (January 2011). "Chapter 12: TRPML2". In Islam MS (ed.). Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 704. Berlin: Springer. p. 700. ISBN 978-94-007-0264-6.
- ↑ Noben-Trauth K (January 2011). "Chapter 13: TRPML3". In Islam MS (ed.). Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 704. Berlin: Springer. p. 700. ISBN 978-94-007-0264-6.
- ↑ Qian F, Noben-Trauth K (2005). "Cellular and molecular function of mucolipins (TRPML) and polycystin 2 (TRPP2)". Pflügers Arch. 451 (1): 277–85. doi:10.1007/s00424-005-1469-4. PMID 15971078. S2CID 23165191.