KCNK9

KCNK9
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3P1N, 3P1O, 3P1P, 3P1Q, 3P1R, 3P1S, 3SMK, 3SML, 3SMM, 3SMN, 3SMO, 3SPR, 3UX0, 4FR3, 3SP5
Identifiers
Aliases	KCNK9 , K2p9.1, KT3.2, TASK-3, TASK3, potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 9, BIBARS, TASK32
External IDs	OMIM: 605874 MGI: 3521816 HomoloGene: 56758 GeneCards: KCNK9
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human) [1] Band 8q24.3 Start 139,600,838 bp [1] End 139,704,109 bp [1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in cerebellar hemisphere cerebellar vermis secondary oocyte Brodmann area 9 prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 23 hypothalamus middle temporal gyrus cingulate gyrus superior frontal gyrus n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function voltage-gated potassium channel activity protein homodimerization activity protein heterodimerization activity potassium channel activity potassium ion leak channel activity Cellular component integral component of membrane plasma membrane membrane synaptic vesicle integral component of plasma membrane Biological process potassium ion transport ion transport stabilization of membrane potential potassium ion transmembrane transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 51305 223604 Ensembl ENSG00000169427 n/a UniProt Q9NPC2 Q3LS21 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001282534 NM_001033876 RefSeq (protein) NP_001269463 NP_001029048 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 139.6 – 139.7 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK9 gene. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

This gene encodes K_2P9.1, one of the members of the superfamily of potassium channel proteins containing two pore-forming P domains. This open channel is highly expressed in the cerebellum. It is inhibited by extracellular acidification and arachidonic acid, and strongly inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. ^{[6] [7]} Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is also known as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TASK channels are additionally inhibited by hormones and transmitters that signal through GqPCRs. The resulting cellular depolarization is thought to regulate processes such as motor control and aldosterone secretion. Despite early controversy about the exact mechanism underlying this inhibition, the current view is that Diacyl-glycerol, produced by the breakdown of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bis-phosphate by Phospholipase Cβ causes channel closure. ^[8]

Expression

The KCNK9 gene is expressed as an ion channel more commonly known as TASK 3. This channel has a varied pattern of expression. TASK 3 is coexpressed with TASK 1 (KCNK3) in the cerebellar granule cells, locus coeruleus, motor neurons, pontine nuclei, some cells in the neocortex, habenula, olfactory bulb granule cells, and cells in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb. ^[9] TASK-3 channels are also expressed in the hippocampus; both on pyramidal cells and interneurons. ^[10] It is thought that these channels may form heterodimers where their expressions co-localise. ^{[11] [12]}

Function

Mice in which the TASK-3 gene has been deleted have reduced sensitivity to inhalation anaesthetics, exaggerated nocturnal activity and cognitive deficits as well as significantly increased appetite and weight gain. ^{[13] [14]} A role for TASK-3 channels in neuronal network oscillations has also been described: TASK-3 knockout mice lack the atropine-sensitive halothane-induced theta oscillation (4–7 Hz) from the hippocampus and are unable to maintain theta oscillations during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. ^[14]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons edit]]

Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons edit

1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "NicotineDopaminergic_WP1602".

See also

• Tandem pore domain potassium channel

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169427 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Kim Y, Bang H, Kim D (May 2000). "TASK-3, a new member of the tandem pore K(+) channel family". J Biol Chem. 275 (13): 9340–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.13.9340 . PMID   10734076.
5. Goldstein SA, Bayliss DA, Kim D, Lesage F, Plant LD, Rajan S (Dec 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. LV. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of two-P potassium channels". Pharmacol Rev. 57 (4): 527–40. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.12. PMID   16382106. S2CID   7356601.
6. "Entrez Gene: KCNK9 potassium channel, subfamily K, member 9".
7. "UniProtKB - Q9NPC2 (KCNK9_HUMAN)". Uniprot . Retrieved 2019-05-29.
8. Wilke, Bettina U.; Lindner, Moritz; Greifenberg, Lea; Albus, Alexandra; Kronimus, Yannick; Bünemann, Moritz; Leitner, Michael G.; Oliver, Dominik (2014-11-25). "Diacylglycerol mediates regulation of TASK potassium channels by Gq-coupled receptors". Nature Communications. 5 (1): 5540. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5540W. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6540 . ISSN   2041-1723. PMID   25420509.
9. Bayliss DA, Sirois JE, Talley EM (June 2003). "The TASK family: two-pore domain background K+ channels". Molecular Interventions. 3 (4): 205–19. doi:10.1124/mi.3.4.205. PMID   14993448.
10. Torborg CL, Berg AP, Jeffries BW, Bayliss DA, McBain CJ (Jul 12, 2006). "TASK-like conductances are present within hippocampal CA1 stratum oriens interneuron subpopulations". The Journal of Neuroscience. 26 (28): 7362–7. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1257-06.2006. PMC   6674194 . PMID   16837582.
11. Berg AP, Talley EM, Manger JP, Bayliss DA (Jul 28, 2004). "Motoneurons express heteromeric TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK) channels containing TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) subunits". The Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (30): 6693–702. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1408-04.2004. PMC   6729708 . PMID   15282272.
12. Kang D, Han J, Talley EM, Bayliss DA, Kim D (Jan 1, 2004). "Functional expression of TASK-1/TASK-3 heteromers in cerebellar granule cells". The Journal of Physiology. 554 (Pt 1): 64–77. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.054387. PMC   1664745 . PMID   14678492.
13. Linden AM, Aller MI, Leppä E, Rosenberg PH, Wisden W, Korpi ER (October 2008). "K+ channel TASK-1 knockout mice show enhanced sensitivities to ataxic and hypnotic effects of GABA(A) receptor ligands". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 327 (1): 277–86. doi:10.1124/jpet.108.142083. PMID   18660435. S2CID   31086459.
14. Pang DS, Robledo CJ, Carr DR, Gent TC, Vyssotski AL, Caley A, Zecharia AY, Wisden W, Brickley SG, Franks NP (Oct 13, 2009). "An unexpected role for TASK-3 potassium channels in network oscillations with implications for sleep mechanisms and anesthetic action" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (41): 17546–51. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10617546P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0907228106 . PMC   2751655 . PMID   19805135.

Further reading

• Goldstein SA, Bockenhauer D, O'Kelly I, Zilberberg N (2001). "Potassium leak channels and the KCNK family of two-P-domain subunits". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2 (3): 175–84. doi:10.1038/35058574. PMID   11256078. S2CID   9682396.
• Rajan S, Wischmeyer E, Xin Liu G, Preisig-Müller R, Daut J, Karschin A, Derst C (2000). "TASK-3, a novel tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K+ channel. An extracellular histiding as pH sensor". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16650–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M000030200 . hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-F930-0 . PMID   10747866.
• Chapman CG, Meadows HJ, Godden RJ, Campbell DA, Duckworth M, Kelsell RE, Murdock PR, Randall AD, Rennie GI, Gloger IS (2001). "Cloning, localisation and functional expression of a novel human, cerebellum specific, two pore domain potassium channel". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 82 (1–2): 74–83. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00183-2. PMID   11042359.
• Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Lau DH, Zhadina M, Pountney D, Coetzee WA, Rudy B (2001). "KT3.2 and KT3.3, two novel human two-pore K(+) channels closely related to TASK-1". J. Neurophysiol. 86 (1): 130–42. doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.130. PMID   11431495. S2CID   14855672.
• Talley EM, Bayliss DA (2002). "Modulation of TASK-1 (Kcnk3) and TASK-3 (Kcnk9) potassium channels: volatile anesthetics and neurotransmitters share a molecular site of action". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (20): 17733–42. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M200502200 . PMID   11886861.
• Rajan S, Preisig-Müller R, Wischmeyer E, Nehring R, Hanley PJ, Renigunta V, Musset B, Schlichthörl G, Derst C, Karschin A, Daut J (2003). "Interaction with 14-3-3 proteins promotes functional expression of the potassium channels TASK-1 and TASK-3". J. Physiol. 545 (Pt 1): 13–26. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.027052. PMC   2290646 . PMID   12433946.
• Mu D, Chen L, Zhang X, See LH, Koch CM, Yen C, Tong JJ, Spiegel L, Nguyen KC, Servoss A, Peng Y, Pei L, Marks JR, Lowe S, Hoey T, Jan LY, McCombie WR, Wigler MH, Powers S (2003). "Genomic amplification and oncogenic properties of the KCNK9 potassium channel gene". Cancer Cell. 3 (3): 297–302. doi: 10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00054-0 . PMID   12676587.
• Pei L, Wiser O, Slavin A, Mu D, Powers S, Jan LY, Hoey T (2003). "Oncogenic potential of TASK3 (Kcnk9) depends on K+ channel function". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (13): 7803–7. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7803P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1232448100 . PMC   164668 . PMID   12782791.
• Rusznák Z, Pocsai K, Kovács I, Pór A, Pál B, Bíró T, Szücs G (2004). "Differential distribution of TASK-1, TASK-2 and TASK-3 immunoreactivities in the rat and human cerebellum". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61 (12): 1532–42. doi:10.1007/s00018-004-4082-3. PMID   15197476. S2CID   11439105.
• Clarke CE, Veale EL, Green PJ, Meadows HJ, Mathie A (2005). "Selective block of the human 2-P domain potassium channel, TASK-3, and the native leak potassium current, IKSO, by zinc". J. Physiol. 560 (Pt 1): 51–62. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.070292. PMC   1665210 . PMID   15284350.
• Kim CJ, Cho YG, Jeong SW, Kim YS, Kim SY, Nam SW, Lee SH, Yoo NJ, Lee JY, Park WS (2005). "Altered expression of KCNK9 in colorectal cancers". APMIS. 112 (9): 588–94. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm1120905.x. PMID   15601307. S2CID   41751315.
• Pocsai K, Kosztka L, Bakondi G, Gönczi M, Fodor J, Dienes B, Szentesi P, Kovács I, Feniger-Barish R, Kopf E, Zharhary D, Szucs G, Csernoch L, Rusznák Z (2006). "Melanoma cells exhibit strong intracellular TASK-3-specific immunopositivity in both tissue sections and cell culture". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63 (19–20): 2364–76. doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6166-8. PMID   17013562. S2CID   30705845.
• Zuzarte M, Rinné S, Schlichthörl G, Schubert A, Daut J, Preisig-Müller R (2007). "A di-acidic sequence motif enhances the surface expression of the potassium channel TASK-3". Traffic. 8 (8): 1093–100. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00593.x . PMID   17547699. S2CID   9662403.

External links

• KCNK9+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt : Q9NPC2 (Potassium channel subfamily K member 9) at the PDBe-KB .

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.