TRPP

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TRPP (transient receptor potential polycystic) is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels which when mutated can cause polycystic kidney disease.

Contents

Subcategories

TRPP subunits can be divided into two subcategories depending on structural similarity.

Polycystic Kidney Disease 1 (PKD1)-Like Group

The first group, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1)-like, contains polycystin-1 (Previously known as TRPP1), PKDREJ, PKD1L1, PKD1L2, and PKD1L3. Polycystin-1 contains numerous N-terminal adhesive domains that are important for cell-cell contact. [1] This group of subunits also contain a large extracellular domain with numerous polycystin motifs. These motifs are of unknown function and are located between the S6 and S7 segments. The large intracellular C-terminal segment of TRPP1 seems to interact with TRPP2 to act as a signaling complex. [2]

Polycystic Kidney Disease 2 (PKD2)-Like Group

This group of TRPP members (previously known as TRPP2-like) are: TRPP1 (previously known as TRPP2 or PKD2), TRPP2 (previously known as TRPP3 or PKDL2), and TRPP3 (previously known as TRPP5 or polycystin-L2). [3] Unlike the previous group, which contain 11 membrane-spanning segments, this group resemble other TRP channels, having 6 membrane-spanning segments with intracellular N- and C-termini. All of the members of this group contain a coiled coil region in their C-terminus involved in the interaction with the polycystin-1 group. TRPP1 and TRPP3 form constitutively active cation-selective ion channels that are permeable to calcium. TRPP2 has also been implicated in sour taste perception. Coupling of PKD1 and TRPP1 recruits TRPP1 to the membrane. Here, its activity is decreased and it suppresses the activation of G proteins by PKD1. [2]

Genes

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ion channel</span> Pore-forming membrane protein

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

Transient receptor potential channels are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. Most of these are grouped into two broad groups: Group 1 includes TRPC, TRPV, TRPVL, TRPM, TRPS, TRPN, and TRPA. Group 2 consists of TRPP and TRPML. Other less-well categorized TRP channels exist, including yeast channels and a number of Group 1 and Group 2 channels present in non-animals. Many of these channels mediate a variety of sensations such as pain, temperature, different kinds of taste, pressure, and vision. In the body, some TRP channels are thought to behave like microscopic thermometers and used in animals to sense hot or cold. Some TRP channels are activated by molecules found in spices like garlic (allicin), chili pepper (capsaicin), wasabi ; others are activated by menthol, camphor, peppermint, and cooling agents; yet others are activated by molecules found in cannabis or stevia. Some act as sensors of osmotic pressure, volume, stretch, and vibration. Most of the channels are activated or inhibited by signaling lipids and contribute to a family of lipid-gated ion channels.

A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand. Other calcium channels can also be regulated by both voltage and ligands to provide precise control over ion flow. Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Voltage-gated potassium channel</span> Class of transport proteins

Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential. During action potentials, they play a crucial role in returning the depolarized cell to a resting state.

TRPC is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels in animals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRPV</span> Subgroup of TRP cation channels named after the vanilloid receptor

TRPV is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels in animals. All TRPVs are highly calcium selective.

TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (M standing for wikt:melastatin). Functional TRPM channels are believed to form tetramers. The TRPM family consists of eight different channels, TRPM1–TRPM8.

TRPML comprises a group of three evolutionarily related proteins that belongs to the large family of transient receptor potential ion channels. The three proteins TRPML1, TRPML2 and TRPML3 are encoded by the mucolipin-1 (MCOLN1), mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2) and mucolipin-3 (MCOLN3) genes, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polycystin 1</span> Family of transport proteins

Polycystin 1 (PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD1 gene. Mutations of PKD1 are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys characterised by the development of renal cysts and severe kidney dysfunction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRPC1</span> Protein and coding gene in humans

Transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRPC5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Short transient receptor potential channel 5 (TrpC5) also known as transient receptor protein 5 (TRP-5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC5 gene. TrpC5 is subtype of the TRPC family of mammalian transient receptor potential ion channels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRPM7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7, also known as TRPM7, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polycystin 2</span> Protein and coding gene in humans

Polycystin-2(PC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PKD2L1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein also known as transient receptor potential polycystic 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD2L1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRPP3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 2 protein (PKD2L2) also known as transient receptor potential polycystic 5 (TRPP5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD2L2 gene.

PKD domain was first identified in the polycystic kidney disease protein, polycystin-1, and contains an Ig-like fold consisting of a beta-sandwich of seven strands in two sheets with a Greek key topology, although some members have additional strands. Polycystin-1 is a large cell-surface glycoprotein involved in adhesive protein–protein and protein–carbohydrate interactions; however it is not clear if the PKD domain mediates any of these interactions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GAIN domain</span> Protein domain

The GAIN domain is a protein domain found in a number of cell surface receptors, including adhesion-GPCRs and polycystic kidney disease proteins PKD1 and PKD2. The domain is involved in the self-cleavage of these transmembrane receptors, and has been shown to be crucial for their function. Point mutations within the GAIN domain of PKD1 and GPR56 are known to cause polycystic kidney disease and polymicrogyria, respectively.

The Polycystin Cation Channel (PCC) Family consists of several transporters ranging in size from 500 to over 4000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibiting between 5 and 18 transmembrane segments (TMSs). This family is a constituent of the Voltage-Gated Ion Channel (VIC) Superfamily. These transporters generally catalyze the export of cations. A representative list of proteins belonging to the PCC family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.

The transient receptor potential Ca2+ channel (TRP-CC) family (TC# 1.A.4) is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily and consists of cation channels conserved from worms to humans. The TRP-CC family also consists of seven subfamilies (TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPN, TRPA, TRPP, and TRPML) based on their amino acid sequence homology:

  1. the canonical or classic TRPs,
  2. the vanilloid receptor TRPs,
  3. the melastatin or long TRPs,
  4. ankyrin (whose only member is the transmembrane protein 1 [TRPA1])
  5. TRPN after the nonmechanoreceptor potential C (nonpC), and the more distant cousins,
  6. the polycystins
  7. and mucolipins.
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polycystic kidney disease 3 (autosomal dominant)</span> Protein in humans

Polycystic kidney disease 3 (autosomal dominant) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD3 gene.

References

  1. ↑ Islam, M. S. Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol 704. ISBN   978-94-007-0264-6
  2. 1 2 Nilius B, Owsianik G, Voets T, Peters JA (2007). "Transient receptor potential cation channels in disease" (PDF). Physiol. Rev. 87 (1): 165–217. doi:10.1152/physrev.00021.2006. PMID   17237345.
  3. ↑
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