A
- Edith Abbott (1876–1957), US economist, social worker, educator and author
- Daron Acemoglu (b. 1967), Turkish-born US economist, Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and winner of the 2005 John Bates Clark Medal
- Nicola Acocella (b. 1939), Italian economist known for his holistic contribution to systematisation and development of Economic policy and for the innovations introduced in the theory of monetary and fiscal policy and the theory of social pacts
- Zoltan Acs (b. 1947), US professor at George Mason University, advocate of the importance of entrepreneurship for economic development
- Henry Carter Adams (1851–1921), US economist
- Walter Adams (1922–1998), US economist and college professor who served as an expert witness before 36 congressional committees
- Philippe Aghion (b. 1956), French economist
- Montek Singh Ahluwalia (b. 1943), Indian economist and former deputy chairman of the planning commission of the Republic of India
- Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad (b. 1943), Bangladeshi economist and environmentalist
- George Akerlof (b. 1940), US professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, and shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics
- Armen Alchian (1914–2013), US emeritus professor of economics at the University of California, Los Angeles
- Alberto Alesina (b. 1957), Italian political economist, author of much-cited books and articles in major economics journals
- Sidney S. Alexander (1916 - 2005), US professor of economics at MIT, known for contributions to international trade and finance.
- Maurice Allais (1911–2010), French economist, 1988 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
- Franklin Allen (b. 1956), US economist
- R. G. D. Allen (1906–1983), CBE, FBA, UK economist, mathematician and statistician
- Gar Alperovitz (b. 1936)
- Lee J. Alston (b. 1951)
- Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner (1874–1930), German economist, the first woman to become a university lecturer in Germany
- Fernando Alvarez, Argentine economist
- B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), Indian jurist, political leader, economist and Buddhist activist
- Takeshi Amemiya (b. 1935), Japanese economist specializing in econometrics and the economy of ancient Greece
- Georges Anderla (1921–2005), Czech-born French economist
- Donald Andrews (b. 1955)
- George-Marios Angeletos (b. 1975)
- Norman Angell (1872–1967), UK lecturer, journalist, author, and Member of Parliament for the Labour Party
- Joshua Angrist (b. 1960)
- Kofi Annan (1938–2018)
- Masahiko Aoki (1938–2015), Japanese economist
- Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Italian Dominican priest of the Roman Catholic Church who wrote about economics
- Pérsio Arida (b. 1952), Brazilian economist
- Dan Ariely (b. 1967)
- Aristotle (384–322 BCE), Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great
- Heinz Arndt (1915–2002)
- Kenneth Arrow (1921–2017), US economist, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with John Hicks in 1972
- Orley Ashenfelter (b. 1942), US economist
- William Ashley (1860–1927), UK economic historian
- Cliff Asness (b. 1966)
- Jeremy Atack (b. 1949)
- Susan Athey (b. 1970), US economist
- Anthony Barnes Atkinson (1944–2017), UK economist, namesake of the Atkinson index, a measure of economic inequality
- Orazio Attanasio (b. 1959), Italian economist
- Thomas Attwood (1783–1856), UK economist, leading figure of the underconsumptionist Birmingham School
- David B. Audretsch (b. 1954), US economist
- Leonardo Auernheimer (1936–2010), Argentinian economist, professor, and international monetary consultant
- Robert Aumann (b. 1930), Israeli-US mathematician, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2005
- George Ayittey (b. 1945), Ghanaian economist
- Clarence Ayres (1891–1972), US principal thinker in the Texas school of Institutional Economics
