Integrin alpha-V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene. [5]
Integrin alpha-V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene. [5]
ITGAV encodes integrin alpha chain V. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Alpha V undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, that combine with multiple integrin beta chains to form different integrins. Among the known associating beta chains (beta chains 1,3,5,6, and 8; ITGB1, ITGB3, ITGB5, ITGB6, and ITGB8), each can interact with extracellular matrix ligands; the alpha V beta 3 integrin, perhaps the most studied of these, is referred to as the Vitronectin receptor (VNR). In addition to adhesion, many integrins are known to facilitate signal transduction. [6]
In mammals the integrins that include alpha-V are :
| Name | Synonyms | Distribution | Ligands |
|---|---|---|---|
| αVβ1 | neurological tumors | vitronectin; fibrinogen | |
| αVβ3 | vitronectin receptor [7] | activated endothelial cells, melanoma, glioblastoma | vitronectin, [7] fibronectin, fibrinogen, osteopontin, Cyr61, thyroxine [8] [9] |
| αVβ5 | widespread, esp. fibroblasts, epithelial cells | vitronectin and adenovirus | |
| αVβ6 | proliferating epithelia, esp. lung and mammary gland | fibronectin; TGFβ1+3 | |
| αVβ8 | neural tissue; peripheral nerve | fibronectin; TGFβ1+3 |
Overexpression of the ITGAV gene is associated with progression and spread of colorectal cancer, [10] and prostate cancer. [11]
The mAbs intetumumab, and abituzumab target this protein which is found on some tumour cells. [12]
Vitronectin is a glycoprotein of the hemopexin family which is synthesized and excreted by the liver, and abundantly found in serum, the extracellular matrix and bone. In humans it is encoded by the VTN gene.
Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), also known as CD29, is a cell surface receptor that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene. This integrin associates with integrin alpha 1 and integrin alpha 2 to form integrin complexes which function as collagen receptors. It also forms dimers with integrin alpha 3 to form integrin receptors for netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late activation (VLA) antigens.
CD49d is an integrin alpha subunit. It makes up half of the α4β1 lymphocyte homing receptor.
Integrin alpha-1 also CD49a is an integrin alpha subunit encoded in humans by the gene ITGA1. It makes up half of the α1β1 integrin duplex. Though CD49a can bind a number of ligands including collagen IV, collagen I, and others.
Integrin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene. ITGA3 is an integrin alpha subunit. Together with beta-1 subunit, it makes up half of the α3β1 integrin duplex that plays a role in neural migration and corticogenesis, acted upon by such factors as netrin-1 and reelin.
Integrin beta-3 (β3) or CD61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB3 gene. CD61 is a cluster of differentiation found on thrombocytes.
Integrin alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA5 gene.
Integrin alpha-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA6 gene.
Integrin, beta 4 (ITGB4) also known as CD104, is a human gene.
CD82, or KAI1, is a human protein encoded by the CD82 gene.
Integrin beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB5 gene.
Integrin beta-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB6 gene. It is the β6 subunit of the integrin αvβ6. Integrins are αβ heterodimeric glycoproteins which span the cell’s membrane, integrating the outside and inside of the cell. Integrins bind to specific extracellular proteins in the extracellular matrix or on other cells and subsequently transduce signals intracellularly to affect cell behaviour. One α and one β subunit associate non-covalently to form 24 unique integrins found in mammals. While some β integrin subunits partner with multiple α subunits, β6 associates exclusively with the αv subunit. Thus, the function of ITGB6 is entirely associated with the integrin αvβ6.
Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIB1 gene and is located in Chromosome 15. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the calcium-binding protein family. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however this protein is known to interact with DNA-dependent protein kinase and may play a role in kinase-phosphatase regulation of DNA end-joining. This protein also interacts with integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), which may implicate this protein as a regulatory molecule for alpha(IIb)beta(3).
Interleukin 11 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 11 receptor. IL11RA is its human gene.
Integrin alpha-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA9 gene. Cytogenetic location: 3p22.2
Integrin beta-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB8 gene.
Integrin alpha-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA8 gene.
αVβ3 is a type of integrin that is a receptor for vitronectin. It consists of two components, integrin alpha V and integrin beta 3 (CD61), and is expressed by platelets. Furthermore, it is a receptor for phagocytosis on macrophages or dendritic cells.
Collagen α-1 (XXIII) chain is a protein encoded by COL23A1 gene, which is located on chromosome 5q35 in humans, and on chromosome 11B1+2 in mice. The location of this gene was discovered by genomic sequence analysis.
Abituzumab is a humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeted at CD51 currently in development by Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany in an attempt to prevent bone lesion metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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