Integrin alpha-V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene. [5]
Integrin alpha-V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene. [5]
ITGAV encodes integrin alpha chain V. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Alpha V undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, that combine with multiple integrin beta chains to form different integrins. Among the known associating beta chains (beta chains 1,3,5,6, and 8; 'ITGB1', 'ITGB3', 'ITGB5', 'ITGB6', and 'ITGB8'), each can interact with extracellular matrix ligands; the alpha V beta 3 integrin, perhaps the most studied of these, is referred to as the Vitronectin receptor (VNR). In addition to adhesion, many integrins are known to facilitate signal transduction. [6]
In mammals the integrins that include alpha-V are :
| Name | Synonyms | Distribution | Ligands |
| αVβ1 | neurological tumors | vitronectin; fibrinogen | |
| αVβ3 | vitronectin receptor [7] | activated endothelial cells, melanoma, glioblastoma | vitronectin, [7] fibronectin, fibrinogen, osteopontin, Cyr61 |
| αVβ5 | widespread, esp. fibroblasts, epithelial cells | vitronectin and adenovirus | |
| αVβ6 | proliferating epithelia, esp. lung and mammary gland | fibronectin; TGFβ1+3 | |
| αVβ8 | neural tissue; peripheral nerve | fibronectin; TGFβ1+3 |
Overexpression of the ITGAV gene is associated with progression and spread of colorectal cancer, [8] and prostate cancer. [9]
The mAbs intetumumab, and abituzumab target this protein which is found on some tumour cells. [10]
Vitronectin is a glycoprotein of the hemopexin family which is abundantly found in serum, the extracellular matrix and bone. In humans it is encoded by the VTN gene.
Integrin, alpha L , also known as ITGAL, is a protein that in human is encoded by ITGAL gene. CD11a functions in the immune system. It is involved in cellular adhesion and costimulatory signaling. It is the target of the drug efalizumab.
In molecular biology, CD18 is an integrin beta chain protein that is encoded by the ITGB2 gene in humans. Upon binding with one of a number of alpha chains, CD18 is capable of forming multiple heterodimers, which play significant roles in cellular adhesion and cell surface signaling, as well as important roles in immune responses. CD18 also exists in soluble, ligand binding forms. Deficiencies in CD18 expression can lead to adhesion defects in circulating white blood cells in humans, reducing the immune system's ability to fight off foreign invaders.
Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), also known as CD29, is a cell surface receptor that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene. This integrin associates with integrin alpha 1 and integrin alpha 2 to form integrin complexes which function as collagen receptors. It also forms dimers with integrin alpha 3 to form integrin receptors for netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late activation (VLA) antigens.
Integrin alpha-1 also CD49a is an integrin alpha subunit encoded in humans by the gene ITGA1. It makes up half of the α1β1 integrin duplex.
Integrin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene. ITGA3 is an integrin alpha subunit. Together with beta-1 subunit, it makes up half of the α3β1 integrin duplex that plays a role in neural migration and corticogenesis, acted upon by such factors as netrin-1 and reelin.
Integrin beta-3 (β3) or CD61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB3 gene. CD61 is a cluster of differentiation found on thrombocytes.
Integrin alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA5 gene.
Integrin alpha-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA6 gene.
Integrin, beta 4 (ITGB4) also known as CD104, is a human gene.
CD82, or KAI1, is a human protein encoded by the CD82 gene.
Integrin beta-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB5 gene.
Integrin beta-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB6 gene. It is the β6 subunit of the integrin αvβ6. Integrins are αβ heterodimeric glycoproteins which span the cell’s membrane, integrating the outside and inside of the cell. Integrins bind to specific extracellular proteins in the extracellular matrix or on other cells and subsequently transduce signals intracellularly to affect cell behaviour. One α and one β subunit associate non-covalently to form 24 unique integrins found in mammals. While some β integrin subunits partner with multiple α subunits, β6 associates exclusively with the αv subunit. Thus, the function of ITGB6 is entirely associated with the integrin αvβ6.
Integrin beta-7 is an integrin protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB7 gene. It can pair with ITGA4 (CD49d) to form the heterodimeric integrin receptor α4β7, or with ITGAE (CD103) to form αEβ7.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (EIF6), also known as Integrin beta 4 binding protein (ITGB4BP), is a human gene.
Integrin beta-1-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1BP1 gene.
Integrin alpha-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA9 gene. Cytogenetic location: 3p22.2
Integrin beta-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB8 gene.
α5β1, also known as the fibronectin receptor, is an integrin that binds to matrix macromolecules and proteinases and thereby stimulates angiogenesis. It is composed of α5 (ITGA5/CD49e) and β1 (ITGB1/CD29) subunits. It is the primary receptor for fibronectin. The interaction of VLA-5 with fibronectin plays an important role in regulating inflammatory cytokine production by human articular chondrocytes.
Abituzumab is a humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeted at CD51 currently in development by Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany in an attempt to prevent bone lesion metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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