Irinjalakuda

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Irinjalakuda
Irinjalakuda
Sree Koodalmanikyam Temple.jpg
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Irinjalakudamunicipaloffice.jpg
St Thomas Church, Irinjalakuda.jpg
Clockwise from top:
Koodalmanikyam Temple, Irinjalakuda Municipal Office, St. Thomas Cathedral, Civil Station
Nickname: 
Varadanangalude Nadu
India Kerala location map.svg
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Irinjalakuda
Location in Kerala, India
India location map.svg
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Irinjalakuda
Irinjalakuda (India)
Coordinates: 10°20′N76°14′E / 10.33°N 76.23°E / 10.33; 76.23
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Kerala
District Thrissur
Municipality 1936
Government
  TypeMunicipality
  BodyIrinjalakuda Municipal Council
  ChairpersonSuja Sanjeevkumar
Area
  Total33.57 km2 (12.96 sq mi)
Elevation
39 m (128 ft)
Population
 (2011; after amalgamation with neighbouring Porathissery Grama Panchayath)
  Total62,521
  Density1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
Languages
  Official Malayalam, English
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
680 121, 680 122, 680 125, 680 711, 680 712
Telephone code0480
Vehicle registration KL-45
Website village.kerala.gov.in/Office_websites/indexor.php?nm=1248Irinjalakudavillageoffice
Irinjalakuda Municipality Map Irinjalakuda-muncipality-map.jpg
Irinjalakuda Municipality Map

Irinjalakuda is a municipal town in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. It is the headquarters of Irinjalakuda Revenue Division, Thrissur Rural Police and Mukundapuram Taluk. After Thrissur, this town has most number of administrative, law-enforcement, and judicial offices in the district. The place is well known for Koodalmanikyam Temple and the Thachudaya Kaimals, [1] who had princely status until 1971. [2] The earliest recorded history of this temples date back to the ninth century of Common Era (CE).

Contents

Etymology

The name Irinjalakuda has been derived from "Iru" and "Chaal", meaning two streams. According to another legend, the origin of the name Irinjalakuda came from 'Irinjalikoodal'. 'Koodal' simply means merge, merging of two rivers. So it shows that Irinjalakuda may have gradually developed, from 'Irinjalikoodal', which derived from 'Inangikoodal', which means merge. At present there is no river in Irinjalakuda, only the myth of the river. [3]

Irinjalakuda can be derived from 'iru njyaala koda' (ഇരുഞാലകൊട) i.e., donation of two worlds, which is what Mahabali is said to have done in the story of the Vaamanaavataaram.

Mythological history and legends

According to Hindu mythology, Irinjalakuda was created by sage Parashurama. According to Keralolpatthi, Irinjalakuda was the head of some of the 64 gramas (village governing bodies) established in Kerala. (32 Malayala gramas and Thulu half-grama Manjeswaram in present-day Kerala, and 31 1/2 Thulu gramas in coastal Karnataka.) Irinjalakuda was one of the most prominent among these gramas (village societies). Boundaries of this grama extend up to Aloor in the east and Kakkathuruthi in the west and later extended to Koodapuzha in the east. Like the other gramas, this grama also followed Sankara Smruthi (a modified form of the 'Chathurvarnia' system of society with some Kerala model variations which lay upon caste system based on the 'Manusmruthi'). [3] [4] [5]

Another legend suggests that the origin of the name Irinjalakuda were traditionally associated as "Irunnu Salayil Koodai" and "Virinja Alu Kuda". A huge Banyan tree still stands in the centre of the Irinjalakuda, spreading its branches to the sky like an umbrella.

The Thachudaya Kaimal is a spiritual dignitary of Kerala Hindus and the temporal ruler of the Koodalmanikyam Temple and its Estates. The line goes back into antiquity and is mentioned in the Skanda Purana. The Arms of the Kaimal and that of the temple bear the insignia of a coiled conch shell with the words 'Manikkam Keralar'. [6] With the 26th amendment of the Indian constitution in 1971, the Princely order in India was abolished and the Thachudaya Kaimals lost their position in the temple and its estates. [1] It is now managed by a Trust managed by the District Collector although a vestige of former power lies in his being the chief trustee of the temple. [1] [2]

The Devaswom was allotted land to accommodate institutions such as the Christ College, and for public use to facilitate development activities in the region. Much land that belonged to Koodalmanikyam was subjected to encroachment. [7]

Recorded history

The following text is a translation of the scholarly work titled 'Koodalmanikyam Temple and Kerala Society':

The Iringalakuda temple is centuries old, regardless of the oral stories. The stone inscriptions found inside the temple are proof of this. The inscriptions on two stones lying on the north side of the temple shrine were noticed by the authorities and in nineteen forties they were placed on the western wall of the temple and preserved. The Malayalam script text of these documents was published in the Bulletin of the Ramavarma Institute Volume IX Part 1 and became an authoritative proof of the temple's antiquity. Today there are two inscriptions on the walls of the temple namely Sthanuravi Inscription and Bhaskaranambiranar Inscription. The Sthanuravi inscription was written in the 11th regnal year of Cheraman Perumal. It is estimated to be common year 854. This inscription consists of twelve lines. Many of the letters have faded away as people have stepped on them for a long time

[ citation needed ]

The second record, the Bhaskaranambiranar record, dates back to the 10th century. It is believed to have been written between 950 and 1000 AD. There are nineteen lines in this inscription. It can be assumed that the letters have not faded much compared to the first inscription. In this inscription, the deity of Kudalmanikya is described as 'Thiruvirungadi Kudal Thiruvadi'.

Two similar words irangadi(kkuta) and irangadikudal are found in both the inscriptions respectively. It is only that the epithet Thiru has been added in the second inscription. It is clear from this that the name Iringalakuda came from this old place name and the deity here was described as 'Thiruviringadikudal Thiruvadi' as early as the 10th century.

There are those who argue that it can be understood from this record that it had already become a Brahminical temple in the 10th century AD. There is also a belief that this temple was a Jain center before it became a Brahminical temple. One of the major temples nearby, Trikanamatilakam, was a Jain center.

Some suggest that the Koodalmanikya is an idol of the Jain Tirthankara Bharateshvara in the Digabara form. They believe that the temple became a Brahminical center as part of the Hindu revival in the 8th century. In Manipravala's work 'Kokilasandesa', it is mentioned that women were not allowed to enter the Koodalmanikyam temple. There are those who read in connection with this remark the fact that women are not admitted in Jain temples. Thachudayakaimal, the last ruler of the temple, has refuted this claim.

Place name scholars say that the word Iringa in Iringalakuda refers to the Jain center. Also, V.V.K. said that the two-storied Jain temples are referred to as 'koodam'. Historians such as Wallat point out this.

Later History

In 1762, Maharaja Kingdom of Cochin formed Mukundapuram taluk by adding Mapranam nadu and parts of Nandilathu nadu to Mukundapuram nadu (Muriyanadu). In the last decade of the 18th Century, the last Naduvazhi Nambiar of Mukundapuram nadu (Murija nadu) died and Sakthan Thampuran confiscated all the powers and properties of Mukundapuram Nambiar and Mapranam Nambiar. Sakthan Thampuran divided old Mukundapuram Taluk into six properties: 1) Thazhekkad 2) Areepalam, 3) Mukundapuram (Nadavarambu) 4) Mapranam 5) Palathungal (Nandikkara) 6) Puthukkad for administrative and revenue purposes. Five more properties were added to Mukundapuram Taluk afterward: Kodassery (Chalakudy), Thirumukkulam (Kuzhur), Koratty (Adur), Pathinettarayalam (Edavilangu). and Malayattoor. Tipu Sultan's Army was based at Thazhekkad Property of Mukundapuram Taluk on 24 December 1789 to attack the Nedumkotta which is situated in the middle of Kochi Kingdom and was known as Travancore lines and attacked KonurKottavathil in January 1790.

When new Chalakudy taluk was formed in 2013 by bifurcating Mukundapuram taluk, it lost more than 50% of its territory.

Culture

Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary IMG 6944.JPG
Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary
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Irinjalakuda has a rich cultural history associated with the UNESCO-recognised classical dance form Koodiyattam.

Natanakairali - Research Training and Performing Centre for Traditional Arts, Irinjalakuda, is a prominent institution that imparts training on this ancient art form. Government-aided Unnayi Warrier Smaraka Kalanilayam near Koodalmanikyam temple trains artists in Kathakali. The town also has other institutions that give training on classical dance forms and theatre arts. Walden Pond House is another cultural space in the town where artists and movie makers gather for workshops and movie shoots.

Entertainment

There are a number of good cinema halls in the town. JK Cinemas with two screens (Located in Kizhuthani), Chembakassery Movies with three screens, MAS Movies with two screens and Varna Cinemas with a single screen (Mapranam) are the major theatres in the town. Besides this, the town often hosts various cultural programmes organised by socio-cultural organisations.

Population

Demographics

As of 2011 India census, [8] Irinjalakuda had a population of 28,741. With the amalgamation of Porathissery Panchayath with the municipality, the total population has crossed 50,000. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Irinjalakuda has an average literacy rate of 96% which is much higher than the national average of 74.65%. While male literacy stands at 97.12%, female literacy is 94.56%. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Religion

Its St. Thomas Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Irinjalakuda (Chaldean = Syro-Oriental Rite).

Before the arrival of Tipu Sulthan to Mukundapuram Taluk in December 1789 the headquarters of Padruado Archbishops of Cranganore (Kodungallur) of Nazranis (Padruado faction of Syro Malabar Catholic Church) was at Pookkatt (Aripalam). (See Varthamanapusthakam of Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar, Gobernador and ArchaDeacon of late eighteenth century). Sakthan Thampuran brought four Christian families for improving commerce and trade to the place known as ‘Chanthappura’. When they struck gold in this field, more of this community migrated from Kombara chantha and settled in the area and now it became one of the strongholds of this community. Besides Hindu and Christian communities this area consists of Muslims. [3] [4] Karukulangara Narasimhaswamy Temple, Irinjalakuda, north west side, about 1.5 km from the Irinjalakuda municipal bus stand, a famous and oldest temple of Irinjalakuda

Governance

Irinjalakuda Court Complex CourtComplex,IJK.JPG
Irinjalakuda Court Complex

Irinjalakuda is governed by Irinjalakuda Municipality. The municipality was formed on 8 February 1936 with an area of 11.24 square kilometres. K.I. Varunny was the first municipal chairman and the municipality was divided into 22 electoral wards. Now, the Municipality has 41 wards. [9] Irinjalakuda is the headquarters of the Mukundapuram Taluk and is a Grade-I municipality. [5] Irinjalakuda Revenue Division was formed in May 2018. It is headed by a Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO). The office is situated in the Mini Civil Station Annexe building. The revenue division comprises Mukundapuram, Chalakudy and Kodungallur taluks.

As the second-most important administrative town in the district, Irinjalakuda houses a large number of government offices, most of them situated at the mini civil station and its annex buildings near Porathissery.

Irinjalakuda Courts & Judicial Offices

A new judicial complex is under construction near the civil station to house all judicial offices in the town.

Irinjalakuda has a special sub jail, which is functioning near the civil station complex. A land tribunal to provide land deeds and to dispose of land transfer disputes is functioning at the civil station. The tribunal started functioning in 2019.

The chairperson of the municipality is Smt Sonia Giri. The MLA of the Irinjalakuda legislative constituency is Dr. R. Bindu. Irinjalakuda assembly constituency was a part of Mukundapuram (Lok Sabha constituency) till 2009 Lonappan Nambadan was the last Loksabha MP of Mukundapuram. From 2009, Irinjalakuda is now a part of Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency).

The MP of Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency is Suresh Gopi.

Irinjalakuda Municipal Office Irinjalakudamunicipaloffice.jpg
Irinjalakuda Municipal Office

Important government offices

Besides, most nationalised banks, new generation private banks, and old private-sector banks have branches in Irininjalakuda. Both South Indian Bank and Federal Bank have their regional offices here.

Police offices

Thrissur Rural Police headquarters, Irinjalakuda Thrissur Rural Police headquarters, Irinjalakuda.jpg
Thrissur Rural Police headquarters, Irinjalakuda

Thrissur Rural Police office started functioning at Irinjalakuda on 14 May 2023. It was inaugurated by Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan.

Transportation

Road

Irinjalakuda is located on State Highway 22, which links to major national highways NH 544, which is located around 16km from the town, and NH 66, which is located around 9km away, in the State. Two major roads State Highway 22 (Kodungallur-Shornur) and State Highway 61 (Potta-Moonupeedika) criss-crosses Irinjalakuda town. Besides, several MDRs (Major District Roads) connect the town with villages in the interior parts of the western and eastern sides of the town. These include Irinjalakuda-Kattoor road, Irinjalakuda-Porathissery Road, Mapranam-Nandhikkara road and Mapranam Karalam road. [10]

KSRTC bus station is situated behind the Koodalmanikyam temple. KSRTC bus services are available to state capital Trivandrum, Ernakulam/Vyttila Hub, Kottayam, Kollam, Kozhikode, Palakkad, Munnar, Mananthavady, Perikkallur, Sulthan Bathery, Perinthalmanna, Pala, Mysore, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Tiruchy, Thanjavur and Velankanni. Besides, plenty of private buses are available from Irinjalakuda to various places within the district and towns in neighbouring districts. For those travelling from southern parts of the state, Chalakudy is the major roadhead to proceed towards Irinjalakuda. Private buses frequently ply between Chalakudy and Irinjalakuda. For travellers from northern Kerala, buses are available from Thrissur Shakthan Thampuran private bus stand.

Railways

Irinjalakuda railway station Irinjalakuda railway station.jpg
Irinjalakuda railway station

The nearest railway station is the Irinjalakuda Railway Station which is about 8 km east of the town at Kallettumkara. Irinjalakuda Railway Station is managed by the Southern Railway of Indian Railways. A total of 39 trains, including superfast, express and passenger trains, have stoppage here. Thrissur railway station is the nearest major railhead with stop for all trains, which is just 22 km from Irinjalakuda. [10]

Irinjalakuda Sorting (Railway Mail Services) also functions at Kallettumkara in the premises of post office. There are daily trains available from Irinjalakuda to Chennai, Bengaluru, Mangaluru, Tiruchirapalli, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trivandrum, Kozhikode, Vijayawada, Nagpur, Pune, Tirupati/Renigunta, Warangal and Salem.

Nearest Airport

The nearest airport is the Cochin International Airport at Nedumbassery, which is 38 km away. The airport is well connected to all major airports in India and also connected to many foreign cities. Direct flights are available to Chennai, New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, and Kolkata. [10]

Healthcare

Irinjalakuda Co-operative Hospital Co-operativeHospital,Irinjalakuda.JPG
Irinjalakuda Co-operative Hospital

Irinjalakuda has several hospitals and health clinics. Most important among them are Government General Hospital (Tana), Irinjalakuda Cooperative Hospital (Nadavaramba), Lal Memorial Hospital (Mapranam), Sacred Heart Mission Hospital (Pullur), Government Ayurveda Hospital (AKP Junction) and Marina Hospital (Tana). Another prominent healthcare facility is the National Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (NIPMR) at Kallettumakara.

Educational Organizations

Christ College Christcollegeijk.jpg
Christ College

Between the 14th and 16th Century, it was a center of learning. Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics which was believed to be founded here, made major contributions in Algebra, Arithmetic, Astronomy, Calculus, Geometry, Infinite Series, and Linguistics. St. Joseph’s College, Irinjalakuda is the only institution in Kerala offering government aided B.Sc. Biotechnology course. [11]

Colleges

STATE

CBSE

ICSE

Language institute

Notable people

Irinjalakuda has been the home of many notable people, including

Industries

Irinjalakuda is a centre of agro industries. The town is home to Kerala Solvent Extractions Limited (KSE Limited), which is a prominent cattlefeed manufacturing company in south India. State-owned cattlefeed manufacturing company Kerala Feeds Limited is located at Kallettumkara, around 2 km away from Irinjalakuda railway station and 9 km away from Irinjalakuda town. Irinjalakuda has several coconut oil manufacturing companies, including KLF and KPL oil mills. The neighbourhood of Irinjalakuda is home to three cashew processing factories, located at Pullur, Muriyad, and Aloor. The town and its neighbouring areas also host a number of bellmetal manufacturing units.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Cochin</span> Monarchy in India (before 12th century–1949)

The kingdom of Cochin, also known as the kingdom of Kochi or later as Cochin state, named after its capital in the city of Kochi (Cochin), was an Hindu kingdom in the central part of present-day Kerala state. It commenced at the early part of the 12th century and continued to rule until its accession to the Dominion of India in 1949.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koodalmanikyam Temple</span> Hindu temple in Kerala, India

Koodalmanikyam Temple is a Hindu temple in Irinjalakuda Municipality, Thrissur district, Kerala, India. The temple comprises a main structure, a walled compound with citadels, and four ponds around the main structure one of which is within the walls. Koodalmanikyam Temple is the only ancient temple in India dedicated to the worship of Bharata, of Rama, however the idol is that of god Vishnu. "Sangameshwara" is another name associated with the deity at Koodalmanikyam. The temple is one of four in Kerala that form a set called "nalambalam", each temple dedicated to one of the four brothers in the epic Ramayana: Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thrissur district</span> District in Kerala, India

Thrissur, anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuzhur</span> Village in Kerala, India

Kuzhur is a small village in the southern end of Thrissur district of the Indian state of Kerala. The old Jewish settlement of Mala is the nearest town. Other nearby towns include Chalakudy, Kodungallur, Angamaly and Irinjalakuda.

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Aloor is a panchayat in the Chalakudy-Mukundapuram taluk in the Thrissur district of Kerala, India. It is located near the towns of Irinjalakuda and Chalakudi. Since 1901, the name "Aloor" has been simplified to "Alur" by the Cochin State and Central Government departments.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karoor</span> Village in Kerala, India

Karoor is a village in Kodakara Panchayath in Thrissur district of Kerala, India. Karoor is located 30 km from the city of Thrissur and 12 km from Irinjalakuda Town and 8 km from Chalakudy Town and 8 km from Mala, Kerala Town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potta</span>

Potta is a tiny village 30 miles north of Kochi, also known as Cochin. It comes under the municipality of Chalakudy in the Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India. Potta was the temple land under the Irinjalakuda Koodalmanikyam Temple. In the past, the crops needed for the temple were cultivated at Potta. The Pambambot temple is very famous, other two temples in Potta are the Parakottilinkal Bhagavathi Temple and the Mathilthkavu Bhagavathi Temple. Cherupushpam Shrine, a Christian church, is famous. There are educational institutions like Panampilly Memorial Government College, Vyasa Vidyaniketan Central School, Kuriakos Chavara UP School and Dhanya Mission Hospital.


State Highway 61 is a State Highway in Kerala, India that starts in Potta and ends in Moonupeedika. This highway is 21 km long. It connects National Highway 66 to National Highway 544 which are two main national highways in Kerala. Irinjalakuda town is situated on this road which is the headquarters of Irinjalakuda Revenue Division and Mukundapuram Taluk. Irinjalakuda railway station is also located along this road

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mukundapuram Taluk</span> Taluk in Kerala, India

Mukundapuram Taluk is a taluk (tehsil) in Irinjalakuda Revenue Division of Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala. In 1762 this taluk was formed by Cochin King. When new Chalakudy taluk was formed in 2013 it lost majority of its territory. At present the headquarters of the taluk is Irinjalakuda. and It comprises 29 villages.

  1. Amballur
  2. Anandapuram
  3. Avittathur
  4. Chengallur
  5. Edathirinji
  6. Irinjalakkuda
  7. Kaduppassery
  8. Kallur
  9. Karalam
  10. Karumathra
  11. Kattur
  12. Kottanellur
  13. Madayikonam
  14. Manavalassery
  15. Muriyad
  16. Nellayi
  17. Nenmanikkara
  18. Padiyur
  19. Parappukkara
  20. Poomangalam
  21. Porathissery
  22. Pullur
  23. Puthenchira
  24. Thekkumkara
  25. Thoravu
  26. Thottippal
  27. Thrikkur
  28. Vadakkumkara
  29. Vallivattam
  30. Velukkara

Konathukunnu is a town in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. This particular junction is absolutely phenomenon. It has everything like a big town need to be. Panchayat office, (Community) a best Gov. School, several other Institutional Centers, hospitals, pharmacies, Masjid, Shiva Temple, petrol stations, several supermarkets, bakeries and many more. More than 100 bus services reach any part of Kerala. It is between Irinjalakuda and Kodungallur on State Highway 22, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from S.N. Puram.

Vellangallur is a grama panchayath situated in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala.

Chaipankuzhy is a village in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. It is located 16 km (9.9 mi) from Chalakudy town and 10 km (6.2 mi) from Athirapilli waterfall. It is in Mukundapuram Taluk, which is in the Chalakudy block.

Aripalam is a village situated in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Nearest towns are Irinjalakuda and Kodungallore. Main highlight of the village is it is a place between two main roads they are Thrissur - Kodungallur SH22 and Panvel - Edappally Road to connecting NH17 - NH47.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Administration of Thrissur district</span>

Thrissur District has four types of administrative hierarchies:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chalakudy taluk</span>

Chalakudy taluk comes under Irinjalakuda Revenue Division of Thrissur district in Kerala, India. It is one of the 77 taluks of Kerala. Chalakudy taluk was formed in the year 2013 by the UDF Government, led by Oommen Chandy. 31 villages from the former subdistrict of Mukundapuram taluk form the new subdistrict.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Daily News with the Gulf Today on GoDubai, Middle East, Dubai, UAE Online News". Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  2. 1 2 "The Koodalmanickam Devaswom Act, 1971" (PDF).
  3. 1 2 3 "The Legend". Koodalmanikyam Temple. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  4. 1 2 "A Short History". AEO Irinjalakuda. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  5. 1 2 "Irinjalakuda". Janasevana Kendram. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  6. Who's Who in Madras 1934
  7. Girish Menon (5 April 2010). "Recovery of temple lands bogged down". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  8. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  9. "History". Irinjalakuda Municipality. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  10. 1 2 3 "How to reach". Koodalmanikyam Temple. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  11. "St. Josephs College Irinjalakuda". stjosephs.edu.in.