Kozhikode district

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Kozhikode district
Calicut district
District
Kozhikode Beach Coastline.jpg
View point of Thamarassery Churam.jpg
Ksrtc bus stand calicut.jpg
Calicut mini bypass.jpg
HiLITE City - Mixed Use Development Project in Calicut.jpg
IIM Kozhikode Aerial View s.jpg
Chaliyam Harbour, Calicut.jpg
NITC AB.jpg
Clockwise from top:
Kozhikode Beach, KSRTC bus stand complex, Hilite Mall,
Chaliyam harbour, Administrative block of NIT Calicut, IIM Kozhikode, Calicut Mini Bypass, and Thamarassery Churam.
Kozhikode district
Kozhikode district
Location in Kerala
Coordinates: 11°15′N75°46′E / 11.25°N 75.77°E / 11.25; 75.77 Coordinates: 11°15′N75°46′E / 11.25°N 75.77°E / 11.25; 75.77
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Kerala
Headquarters Kozhikode
Government
 • CollectorNarasimhugari T. L. Reddy IAS [1]
 • District Panchayat PresidentBabu Parasserry CPI (M) [2]
 • Members of Parliament
Area
 • Total2,344 km2 (905 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Vavul Mala)
2,339 m (7,674 ft)
Population
 (2018) [3]
 • Total3,249,761
 • Density1,386/km2 (3,590/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Malayalam, English
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code IN-KL
Vehicle registration KL-11 Calicut City,
KL-18 Vatakara,
KL-56 Koyilandy,
KL-57 Koduvally,
KL-76 Nanmanda,
KL-77 Perambra,
KL-85 Ramanattukara (Feroke)
HDI (2005)Increase2.svg 0.781 [4] ( High)
Website kozhikode.nic.in

Kozhikode (pronounced  [koːɻikːoːɖɨ̆] ( Loudspeaker.svg listen )), or Calicut district, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala, along its Southwestern Malabar Coast. The city of Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is the district headquarters. The district is 67.15% urbanised. [5]

Contents

The Kozhikode Municipal Corporation has a corporation limit population of 609,224 [6] and a metropolitan population of more than 2 million, making Kozhikode metropolitan area the second-largest in Kerala and the 19th largest in India. [7] Kozhikode is classified as a Tier 2 city by the Government of India. [8] NIT Calicut and IIM Kozhikode are two institutions of national importance located in the district.

Kozhikode is the largest city in the erstwhile Malabar District and acted as its headquarters during British Raj. [9] In antiquity and the medieval period, Kozhikode was dubbed the City of Spices for its role as the major trading point for Indian spices. [10] It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris (Zamorins), which was also the largest kingdom in Kerala prior to the expansion of Travancore in the mid-18th century CE. [9] The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South Indian coast for the Chinese, the Arabs, the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British. [9]

Kozhikode district is bordered by the districts of Kannur and Mahé (Puducherry) to the north, Wayanad to the east, and Malappuram to the south. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards east. Vavul Mala, a 2,339 m high peak situated on the trijunction of Kozhikode, Malappuram, and Wayanad districts, is the highest point of elevation in the district. It lies between latitudes 11° 08'N and 11° 50'N and longitudes 75° 30'E and 76° 8'E. The Thamarassery Churam connects the city of Kozhikode with the plateau of Wayanad. [9]

The district is divided into four taluks: Kozhikode, Vatakara, Koyilandy and Thamarassery. By the 2011 census there are 12 block panchayats: Balusseri, Chelannur, Koduvally, Kozhikode, Kunnamangalam, Kunnummal, Melady, Panthalayani, Perambra, Thodannur, Thuneri and Vatakara. [11] The Multidimensional Poverty Index report prepared by NITI Aayog based on the National Family Health Survey 2015–16 declared Kozhikode as the third-least poor district in India, only after to Kottayam and Ernakulam, with a negligible multidimensional poverty rate of 0.26%. [12]

History

Uru, a type of ship built at Beypore, Calicut Uru.jpg
Uru , a type of ship built at Beypore, Calicut

Following the formation of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile Malabar District was divided into three: Kannur district, Kozhikode district, and Palakkad district. [13]

At that time, Kozhikode district had two Revenue Divisions: Kozhikode Revenue Division and Malappuram Revenue Division. [13] Kozhikode Revenue Division had four Taluks: Vatakara, Koyilandy, Kozhikode, and South Wayanad. [13] Malappuram Division had two Taluks: Eranad and Tirur. [13]

The path Vasco da Gama took to reach Kozhikode (black line) in 1498, which was also the discovery of a sea route from Europe to India, and eventually paved way for the European colonisation of Indian subcontinent. Caminho maritimo para a India.png
The path Vasco da Gama took to reach Kozhikode (black line) in 1498, which was also the discovery of a sea route from Europe to India, and eventually paved way for the European colonisation of Indian subcontinent.

On 16 June 1969, Malappuram Revenue Division of Kozhikode district excluding three Revenue villages, Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi, was separated to form Malappuram district. [14]

Again on 1 November 1980, the South Wayanad Taluk of Kozhikode district was separated to form Wayanad district.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901610,058—    
1911654,846+0.71%
1921678,122+0.35%
1931796,881+1.63%
1941892,078+1.13%
19511,116,391+2.27%
19611,403,413+2.31%
19711,821,734+2.64%
19812,245,265+2.11%
19912,619,941+1.56%
20012,879,131+0.95%
20113,086,293+0.70%
20183,249,761+0.74%
source: [15]
 % of PopulationSex RatioLiteracy Rate (L.R.)L.R. MalesL.R. Females
Hindus56.2%104994.597.391.9
Muslims39.2%105891.695.388.1
Christians4.3%117898.298.697.8
Jains0.06100397.799.396.1

(Details for 'Kozhikode Urban' retrieved from Census of India. [16] )

According to the 2018 Statistics Report Kozhikode district has a population of 3,249,761, [3] roughly equal to the nation of Mongolia [17] or the US state of Iowa. [18] 2011 Census of India gives the district a ranking of 115th in India (out of a total of 640). [19] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 7.31%. [19] Kozhikode has a sex ratio of 1097 females for every 1000 males, [19] and a literacy rate of 95.24%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.45% and 0.49% of the population respectively. [19]

The Kozhikode metropolitan area has a population of more than 2 million, making it the second-largest in Kerala and the 19th largest in India. [7] 67.15% of the total population of Kozhikode district live in urban areas (which includes Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, and Census Towns), according to the 2011 Census of India. [5]

The Multidimensional Poverty Index report prepared by NITI Aayog based on the National Family Health Survey 2015–16 declared Kozhikode as the third-least poor district in India, only after to Kottayam and Ernakulam, with a negligible multidimensional poverty rate of 0.26%. [12]

Languages of Kozhikode district (2011) [20]

   Malayalam (99.05%)
  Others (0.95%)

Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 99.05% of the population. Small minorities speak Tamil and Hindi, mainly in urban areas. [20]

The centuries of trade across the Indian Ocean has given Kozhikode a cosmopolitan population.

Religion

Religions in Kozhikode district (2011) [21]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
 
56.21%
Islam
 
39.24%
Christianity
 
4.26%
Other or not stated
 
0.29%

According to the 2011 census, Hindus constitute the majority of the population, followed by the Muslims and the Christians. The proportion in the 2011 census was 56.21% Hindus; 39.24% Muslims and 4.26% Christians. [21]

There is a small presence of Jains (601), Sikhs (297), and Buddhists (235). [21]

Climate

The district has a generally humid climate with a very hot season extending from March to May. The rainy season is during the South West Monsoon, which sets in the first week of June and extends up to September. The North East Monsoon extends from the second half of October through November. The average annual rainfall is 3,266 millimetres or 129 inches. The best weather is found in towards the end of the year, in December and January – the skies are clear, and the air is crisp. The highest temperature recorded was 39.4 °C or 102.9 °F in March 1975. The lowest was 14 °C or 57.2 °F recorded on 26 December 1975.

Climate data for Kozhikode
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average high °C (°F)31.6
(88.9)		32.0
(89.6)		32.7
(90.9)		33.1
(91.6)		32.4
(90.3)		29.4
(84.9)		28.4
(83.1)		28.3
(82.9)		29.5
(85.1)		30.6
(87.1)		31.3
(88.3)		31.6
(88.9)		30.9
(87.6)
Average low °C (°F)22
(72)		23.4
(74.1)		25
(77)		26.1
(79.0)		25.8
(78.4)		24
(75)		23.5
(74.3)		23.5
(74.3)		24
(75)		24
(75)		23.6
(74.5)		22.7
(72.9)		23.8
(74.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches)2.7
(0.11)		3.4
(0.13)		21.4
(0.84)		90.2
(3.55)		310.9
(12.24)		818.2
(32.21)		902.5
(35.53)		447.3
(17.61)		233.4
(9.19)		263.5
(10.37)		136.6
(5.38)		35
(1.4)		3,265.1
(128.56)
Source: [22]

Administration

Kozhikode District in 1961 Kozhikode district in 1961.svg
Kozhikode District in 1961

The headquarters of the district administration is at Kozhikode Civil Station in West Hill. The district administration is headed by the District collector. He is assisted by some deputy collectors with responsibility for general matters, land acquisition, revenue recovery, land reforms, and elections. [23]

Urban Local Bodies

Local authorities in Kozhikode district Kozhikode.png
Local authorities in Kozhikode district

There are 7 municipal towns in the district, in addition to the Kozhikode Municipal Corporation, which was established in 1962 as the second municipal corporation in Kerala after Trivandrum. [24] They are: [6]

Urban local bodies in Kozhikode district (8)
RankCity/TownPopulation (2011)Area(km2)Density (/km2) Taluk
Municipal Corporation
1 Kozhikode 609,224118.585,138 Kozhikode
Municipalities
2 Vatakara 75,29521.323,532 Vatakara
3 Koyilandy 71,87329.052,474 Koyilandy
4 Feroke 54,07415.543,480 Kozhikode
5 Payyoli 49,47022.342,214 Koyilandy
6 Koduvally 48,68723.852,041 Thamarassery
7 Mukkam 40,67031.201,304 Kozhikode
8 Ramanattukara 35,93711.703,072 Kozhikode

Legislative representation

A map of 13 Kerala Legislative Assembly constituencies from Kozhikode district with their limits Kozhikode-district-map-en.svg
A map of 13 Kerala Legislative Assembly constituencies from Kozhikode district with their limits

There are three Lok Sabha constituency in Kozhikode: Vatakara, Kozhikode, and Wayanad.

There are 13 Kerala Legislative Assembly seats in Kozhikode district. [25]

Kerala Legislative Assembly Constituencies from Kozhikode district (13)
Sl no.ConstituencyMemberPartyAlliance
1 Vatakara K. K. Rema RMPI   UDF
2 Kuttiady K. P. Kunhahammed KuttyCPI(M)   LDF
3 Nadapuram E. K. Vijayan CPI   LDF
4 Koyilandy Kanathil Jameela CPI(M)   LDF
5 Perambra T. P. Ramakrishnan CPI(M)   LDF
6 Balussery K. M. Sachin Dev CPI(M)   LDF
7 Elathur A. K. Saseendran NCP   LDF
8 Kozhikode North Thottathil Ravindran CPI(M)   LDF
9 Kozhikode South Ahamed Devarkovil INL   LDF
10 Beypore P. A. Mohammed Riyas CPI(M)   LDF
11 Kunnamangalam P. T. A. Rahim LDF Ind.   LDF
12 Koduvally M. K. Muneer IUML   UDF
13 Thiruvambady Linto Joseph CPI(M)   LDF

Taluks

Taluks in Kozhikode district Subdistricts of Kozhikode (August 2020).svg
Taluks in Kozhikode district

The district is divided into two revenue divisions which together incorporate four Taluks, each of which is headed by a Tehsildar, within them. [26]

Vatakara Koyilandy [26]
Thamarassery Kozhikode [26]
TalukArea
(in km2)		Population
(2011)		Villages
Vatakara 576687,72628
Koyilandy 642645,87931
Thamarassery 574401,83120
Kozhikode 5471,354,10739
Sources: 2011 Census of India, [27] Official website of Kozhikode district [28]

Revenue villages

Kozhikode district is divided into 118 revenue villages for the ease and decentralisation of its revenue administration. [28] They are further incorporated into 4 taluks as eludicated below. [28]

Vatakara Taluk

Koyilandy Taluk

Thamarassery Taluk

Kozhikode Taluk

Economy

Kozhikode was the capital city of the erstwhile Malabar District Malabar District (1951 Census).svg
Kozhikode was the capital city of the erstwhile Malabar District

Kozhikode is one of the largest economic hubs in Kerala. Being home to about 8% of the state's population, the district contributes more than 12% to the state's income. Nedungadi Bank, the first and oldest bank in the modern state of Kerala, was established by Appu Nedungadi at Kozhikode in the year 1899. [29] Cyberpark at Kozhikode is one of IT hubs in Kerala. The economy of Kozhikode significantly depends upon its Service sector.

Culture

An old map of India in 1804. Note that only Thalassery, Kozhikode, and Kochi, are marked as cities within the present-day state of Kerala Wellington, soldier and statesman, and the revival of the military power of England (1904) (14593177119).jpg
An old map of India in 1804. Note that only Thalassery, Kozhikode, and Kochi, are marked as cities within the present-day state of Kerala

Malayalam language

In the field of Malayalam language and literature, Kozhikode district has made many significant contributions. During the 17th century, His Highness Sri Samoothiri Manavedan Maharaja authored the famous Krishnattam, a Manipravalam text describing the childhood of Lord Krishna in eight volumes. The district is famous for folk songs or ballads known as Vadakkan Pattukal . The most popular songs celebrate the exploits of Thacholi Othenan and Unniyarcha. An intellectual debate for Vedic scholars, where winners receive the title of Pattathanam, takes place at Thali temple during the month of Thulam. Kozhikode also has a strong associations with ghazals and football.

Malayalam Literature

A bust of S. K. Pottekkatt facing S.M. Street in Kozhikode Pottekkatt 1 choosetocount.JPG
A bust of S. K. Pottekkatt facing S.M. Street in Kozhikode

Many prominent writers of Malayalam literature hail from Kozhikode. Among them are S. K. Pottekkatt, Thikkodiyan, Punathil Kunjabdulla, U. A. Khader, Akbar Kakkattil, N. N. Kakkad, P. Valsala and M. N. Karassery. S. K. Pottekkatt was perhaps the most celebrated writer from Kozhikode whose award-winning work Oru Theruvinte Katha is set in S. M. Street. Several leading Malayalam publishing houses are based in the city, including Poorna, Mathrubhumi, Mulberry, Lipi and Olive. Several libraries are located in and around the city. The Kozhikode Public Library and Research Centre at Mananchira was constructed in 1996. [30]

Music

In addition to the Malabar Mahotsavam, the annual cultural fest of Kozhikode, [31] every year since 1981 the Tyagaraja Aradhana Trust has been conducting a five-day music festival in honour of Tyagaraja. The festival is complete with the Uncchavritti, rendering of Divyanama kritis, Pancharatna Kritis, concerts by professional artistes and students of music from morning to late in the evening. [32]

Kozhikode has a tradition of Ghazal and Hindustani music appreciation. There are many Malayalam Ghazals. The late film director and play back singer M. S. Baburaj, from Kozhikode was influenced by Ghazal and Hindustani. [33]

There are DJ parties and events that are held in hotels and malls and pubs and IT parks in Calicut. Ragam and Thatva fest in NITC and different fests in IIM gets participation of international bands. [34] [35]

Cuisine

Kozhikode offers a variety of South Indian, North Indian, European, Chinese, Arab, Gujarati and Jain food. The culinary culture of the city has been moulded by Portuguese, Dutch, French, British, Arab and other Indian influence. It offers both veg and non veg dishes in great variety. The mall culture in the city has gained momentum and fast foods are very popular. The new generation is more inclined to Chinese,Arab and American food culture and a new trend of vegetarianism is getting popular because of health concerns. The city is also famous for Haluva called as Sweet Meat by Europeans due to the texture of the sweet. Kozhikode has a main road in the town named S. M. Street (Mittayi Theruvu). It derived this name from the numerous Halwa stores which used to dot the street. The history of this Street dates back to time of the Zamorin of Calicut, when the ruler invited Gujarati sweetmeat makers to set up shop in the city and accommodated their shops just outside the palace walls. [36] Another speciality is banana chips, which are made crisp and wafer-thin. Other popular dishes include seafood preparations (prawns, mussels, mackerel) . Vegetarian fare includes the sadya.

Films

The film history of Kozhikode dates back to 1950s. Some of the main production companies of Malayalam films like Grihalakshmi productions, Kalpaka, Swargachithra, etc. are Kozhikode based companies. The city was also an important hub of top notch film makers like I. V. Sasi and T. Damodaran. Kozhikode produced such notable actors as Ummer, Mammukoya, Balan K. Nair, Santha Devi and Kuthiravattam Pappu. The ever green musician Baburaj, Gireesh Puthenchery, arguably one of the best lyricists[ original research? ] in the Malayalam film industry, director, script writer and actor Ranjith, V. M. Vinu, A. Vincent, Shajoon Kariyal, Anjali Menon and cinematographer P. S. Nivas also hail from Kozhikode. Some of the other cine actors like Neeraj Madhav, Madhupal, Anoop Menon, Nellikode Bhaskaran, Augustine and Vijayan Malaparamba are from Kozhikode.

The 1947 Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Hollywood thriller, Sinbad the Sailor , mentions Kozhikode.

Kozhikode, the largest city in the Malabar region, also has a vital role in the entertainment segment. The city's first theatre, Calicut Crown, was opened as early as 1925. The city has more than 10 theatres and two multiplexes, the PVS Film City (the first multiplex in Malabar region) and Crown Theatre. [37]

Sports

EMS Stadium Kozhikode EMS Stadium.jpg
EMS Stadium

Kozhikode is known as the second Mecca of football (after Kolkata). [38] The other most popular games in Kozhikode are cricket, [39] football, basketball, badminton and volleyball. The E. M. S Stadium hosted many international football matches of major football teams in the past. The city is home to many international footballers. One of the famous was Olympian Abdurahman who played for the nation in many international games including Melbourne Olympic games. K.P. Sethu Madhavan, Premnath Phillips, Muhamad Najeeb, M Prasannan, Sudheer etc. are some international footballers from Kozhikode. The seven-a-side form of football is also very famous in the city. P. T. Usha, is a famous athlete who is regarded as one of the greatest athletes India has ever produced and is often called the "queen of Indian track and field". She is nicknamed Payyoli Express. Currently she runs the Usha School of Athletics at Koyilandy in Kerala. T. Abdul Rahman, popularly known as Olympian Rahman, was an Indian Olympian footballer from Kozhikode. Rahman was a member of the Indian team that reached the semi-final in 1956 Melbourne Olympics. Other sports personalities include Jimmy George, Tom Joseph (Indian volleyball player and was captain of Indian volleyball team) and Premnath Phillips. Jaseel P. Ismail, V. Diju, Aparna Balan & Arun Vishnu are international badminton players from the city. The Sports & Education Promotion Trust (SEPT) was established to promote sports development in India with focus on football. Started in 2004 and based in Kozhikode, the trust has set up 52 centres called "football nurseries" spread across thirteen districts in Kerala. [40] Since 2010, Calicut Mini Marathon runs have been organised by IIM Kozhikode and witness participation of around 7000 people every year.

The Malayalam newspaper Mathrubhumi was established at Kozhikode in 1923 as a part of the Indian independence movement. Manmohan Singh addressing at the inauguration of the 90th Anniversary Celebrations of "The Mathrubhumi", in Kochi, Kerala. The Governor of Kerala, Shri Nikhil Kumar, the Chief Minister of Kerala, Shri Oommen Chandy.jpg
The Malayalam newspaper Mathrubhumi was established at Kozhikode in 1923 as a part of the Indian independence movement.

Kozhikode occupies a prominent position in the history of Malayalam journalism. The origin of journalism in the district can be traced back to 1880. The Kerala Pathrika is likely the earliest newspaper published from Kozhikode. Keralam, Kerala Sanchari and Bharath Vilasam are among the other newspapers that were published from Kozhikode pre-1893.

Kozhikode is the 'birthplace' of the widely circulated Malayalam dailies Mathrubhumi , Desabhimani and Madhyamam . Chandrika , Thejas , Siraj, Varthamanam and Calicut Times are the other dailies from Kozhikode. Along with those papers, noted dailies like Malayala Manorama , Kerala Kaumudi , Mangalam , Deepika , The Times Of India, New Indian Express , The Hindu, Deccan chronicle, Janmabhumi , Veekshanam and evening dailies like Pradeepam, Rashtra deepika, News Kerala and Flash are published from Kozhikode. Nearly all news agencies, other major newspapers published from outside the state are represented in Kozhikode. The Times of India , the largest-circulating English broadsheet newspaper in the world, started circulation in Kozhikode on 1 February 2012. A large number of weeklies, fortnightlies and monthlies are also published there (such as Information Technology Lokam, a computer magazine in Malayalam). Newspapers in other regional languages like English, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are available.

Radio

The Kozhikode radio station of All India Radio has two transmitters: Kozhikode AM (100 kilowatt) and Kozhikode FM [Vividh Bharathi] (10 kilowatt). Private FM radio stations: Radio Mango 91.9 operated by Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd. and Red FM 93.5 of the SUN Network. AIR FM radio station: Kozhikode – 103.6 MHz; AIR MW radio station: Kozhikode – 684 kHz.

Television

The headquarters and studio of MediaOne TV at Velliparamba, Kozhikode MediaOne TV Headquarters And Studio.jpg
The headquarters and studio of MediaOne TV at Velliparamba, Kozhikode

A television transmitter has been functioning in Kozhikode since 3 July 1984, relaying programmes from Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram Doordarshan. Doordarshan has its broadcasting centre in Kozhikode located at Medical College. The Malayalam channels based on Kozhikode are the Shalom Television, Darshana TV and Media One TV. All major channels in Malayalam viz. Manorama News, Asianet, Surya TV, Kairali TV, Amrita TV, Jeevan TV, Indiavision and Jaihind have their studios and news bureaus in the city. Satellite television services are available through DD Direct+, Dish TV, Sun Direct DTH and Tata Sky. Asianet Cable Vision popularly known as ACV telecasts daily city news. Spidernet is another local channel. Other local operators include KCL and Citinet.

The Calicut Press Club came into existence in 1970. It is the nerve centre of all media activities, both print and electronic. Began with around 70 members in the roll, this Press Club, over the years, became a prestigious and alert media centre in the state with a present membership of over 280. [41]

Transport

Air

Flights Parked at Calicut Airport Flights Parked at Calicut Airport.jpg
Flights Parked at Calicut Airport

Kozhikode is served by Calicut International Airport ( IATA : CCJ, ICAO : VOCL) located at Karipur in Malappuram District, about 28 kilometres (17 miles) from Kozhikode city. The airport started operation in April 1988. It has two terminals, one for domestic flights and second for international flights. [42]

Road

Kozhikode is well connected by road. NH 66 and NH 766 connects Calicut to rest of India. [43] [44] It has bus services to all parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and to important cities like Hyderabad and Mumbai.[ citation needed ]

Notable people

.

Literature

Music

Film

Sports

See also

Related Research Articles

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Wayanad is a district in the north-east of Indian state Kerala with administrative headquarters at the municipality of Kalpetta. It is the only plateau in Kerala. The Wayanad Plateau forms a continuation of the Mysore Plateau, the southern portion of Deccan Plateau. It is set high in the Western Ghats with altitudes ranging from 700 to 2100 meters. Vellari Mala, a 2,240 m (7,349 ft) high peak situated on the trijunction of Wayanad, Malappuram, and Kozhikode districts, is the highest point in Wayanad district. The district was formed on 1 November 1980 as the 12th district in Kerala, by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts. An area of 885.92 km2 of the district is forested. Wayanad has three municipal towns—Kalpetta, Mananthavady and Sulthan Bathery. There are many indigenous tribes in this area. The Kabini River, a tributary of Kaveri River, originates at Wayanad. Wayanad district, along with the Chaliyar valley in neighbouring Nilambur in Malappuram district, is known for natural gold fields, which are also seen in other parts of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Chaliyar river, which is the fourth longest river of Kerala, originates on the Wayanad plateau. The historically important Edakkal Caves are located in Wayanad district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palakkad district</span> District in Kerala, India

Palakkad is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It was carved out from the southeastern region of the former Malabar District on 1 January 1957. It is located at the centre of Kerala. It is the largest district in the state since 2006. The city of Palakkad is the district headquarters. Palakkad is bordered on the northwest by the Malappuram district, on the southwest by the Thrissur district, on the northeast by Nilgiris district, and on the east by Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The district is nicknamed "The granary of Kerala". Palakkad is the gateway to Kerala due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap, in the Western Ghats. The 2,383 m high Anginda peak, which is situated in the border of Palakkad district, Nilgiris district, and Malappuram district, in Silent Valley National Park, is the highest point of elevation in Palakkad district. Palakkad city is located just 50 km away from Coimbatore, a major city in Tamil Nadu state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kannur district</span> District in Kerala, India

Kannur, is one of the 14 districts along the west coast in the state of Kerala, India. The city of Kannur is the district headquarters and gives the district its name. The old name, Cannanore, is the anglicized form of the Malayalam name "Kannur". Kannur district is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north, Kozhikode district to the south, Mahé district to the southwest and Wayanad District to the southeast. To the east, the district is bounded by the Western Ghats, which forms the border with the state of Karnataka. The Arabian Sea lies to the west. Paithalmala is the highest point in Kannur District (1,372m). Enclosed within the southern part of the district is the Mahé district of the Union Territory of Puducherry. The district was established in 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ottapalam</span> Town in Kerala, India

Ottapalam, is a town, taluk and municipality in the Palakkad District, Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ottapalam taluk. Ottapalam is located about 36 km from district headquarters Palakkad. Ottapalam is located along the banks of Bharathapuzha, second longest river of the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vatakara</span> Place in Kerala, India

Vatakara, also spelled Vadakara, IPA: [ʋɐɖɐgɐɾɐ], French: Bargaret, is a Municipality in the state of Kerala, India. Vatakara is located between Kannur and Kozhikode. The municipality of Vatakara covers an area of 23.33 km2 (9.01 sq mi) and is bordered by Mahé to the north and Payyoli to the south. It is the headquarters of Vatakara taluk, which consists of 22 panchayats. During the reign of the Kolathiris and Zamorins, Vatakara was known as Kadathanadu. During the British Raj, it was part of the North Malabar region of Malabar District in the state of Madras. The historic Lokanarkavu temple, made famous by the Vadakkan Pattukal, is situated in Vatakara. A new tardigrade species collected from Vadakara coast has been named after Kerala State; Stygarctus keralensis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malabar District</span> Administrative district of British India

Malabar District, also known as Malayalam District, was an administrative district on the southwestern Malabar Coast of Bombay Presidency (1792-1800) and Madras Presidency (1800-1947) in British India, and independent India's Madras State (1947-1956). It was the most populous and the third-largest district in the erstwhile Madras State. The British district included the present-day districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, Wayanad, Malappuram, Palakkad, Chavakad Taluk and parts of Kodungallur Taluk of Thrissur district, and Fort Kochi area of Ernakulam district in the northern and central parts of present Kerala state, the Lakshadweep Islands, and a major portion of the Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu. The detached settlements of Tangasseri and Anchuthengu, which were British colonies within the kingdom of Travancore in southern Kerala, also formed part of Malabar District until 1927. Malayalam was the administrative as well as the most spoken lingua franca of Malabar District during British Rule. Jeseri, a distinct dialect of Malayalam, was spoken in the Laccadive Islands. Malabar District merged with the erstwhile state of Travancore-Cochin (1950-1956) to form Kerala according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. On the same day, the present Kasaragod district of South Canara District was also attached to Malabar, and the Laccadive & Minicoy Islands of Malabar were reorganised to form a new Union Territory. Malabar was trifurcated to form the districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, and Palakkad, on 1 January 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feroke</span> Municipality in Kerala, India

Feroke, is a Municipality and a part of Kozhikode metropolitan area under Kozhikode Development Authority (K.D.A) in the Kozhikode district of the Indian state of Kerala.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malappuram</span> City in Kerala, India

Malappuram is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 58.20 km2 (22.47 sq mi) including the surrounding suburban areas. The first municipality in the district formed in 1970, Malappuram serves as the administrative headquarters of Malappuram district. Divided into 40 electoral wards, the city has a population density of 1,742 per square kilometre. According to the 2011 census, the Malappuram metropolitan area is the fourth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala after Kochi, Calicut, and Thrissur urban areas and the 26th largest in India with a total population of 1.7 million. It is the fastest growing city in the world with a 44.1% urban growth between 2015 and 2020 as per the survey conducted by Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) based on the urban area growth during January 2020. Malappuram is situated 54 km southeast of Calicut and 90 km northwest of Palakkad. It is the first Indian municipal body to provide free Wi-Fi connectivity to its entire residents. Malappuram is also the first Indian municipal body to achieve the International Organization for Standardization certificate. It is also the first complaint-free municipality in the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koyilandy</span> Place in Kerala, India

Koyilandy is a municipality and a taluk in Kozhikode district, Kerala on the Malabar Coast. The historical town is located right in the middle of the coast of Kozhikode district, between Kozhikode (Calicut) and Kannur, on National Highway 66.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramanattukara</span> Municipality/Suburb in Kozhikode, Kerala, India

Ramanattukara is a municipality census town in Kozhikode district in the Indian state of Kerala. This town was formerly called Kadungan Chira village. Ramanattukara is located 14 km away from Kozhikode city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valanchery</span> Town in Kerala, India +91

Valanchery is a major town and one of the 12 municipalities in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It is one of the four municipalities in Tirur Taluk, besides Tirur, Kottakkal, and Tanur. It is situated about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast to Karipur International Airport and 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwards to the district headquarters, and forms a part of Malappuram metropolitan area. It is also one of the major commercial towns under the Malappuram urban agglomeration. Valanchery, which was a part of the erstwhile princely state of the Valluvanad in the early medieval period, had been under the direct control of the Zamorin of Calicut following the Tirunavaya war of 14th century CE. During British Raj, Valanchery was included in the Ponnani Taluk of erstwhile Malabar District. Vattapara accident zone is an accident zone near Valanchery. Valanchery is situated on National Highway 66.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eranad</span> Erstwhile Province in Kerala, India

Eranad also known as Ernad refers to the erstwhile province in the midland area of Malabar, consisting of Malappuram and nearby regions such as Anakkayam, Manjeri, Kondotty, Nilambur, etc. Currently Eranad Taluk is a Taluk in Malappuram district. Eranad was ruled by a Samanthan Nair clan known as Eradis, similar to the Vellodis of neighbouring Valluvanad and Nedungadis of Nedunganad. The rulers of Eranad were known by the title Eralppad/Eradi. They also used the title Thirumulpad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tirur Taluk</span> Taluk in Kerala, India

Tirur Taluk comes under Tirur revenue division in Malappuram district of Kerala, India. Its headquarters is the town of Tirur. Tirur Taluk contains four municipalities - Tanur, Tirur, Kottakkal, and Valanchery. Most of the administrative offices are located in the Mini-Civil Stations at Tirur, Kuttippuram, and Tanur. Most of the villages in present-day Tirur Taluk were parts of the medieval Kingdom of Tanur (Vettathunadu). The port of Tanur was an important port town in the southwestern coast of India during medieval period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Kerala</span> Overview of and topical guide to Kerala

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kerala:

Perinthalmanna is a major town and municipality in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It serves as the headquarters of the Perinthalmanna Taluk, and a block and a Revenue Division by the same name. It was formerly the headquarters of Valluvanad Taluk, which was one of the two Taluks in the Malappuram Revenue Division of the erstwhile Malabar District during the British Raj. The town is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) southwest to the city of Malappuram at the centre of the Kozhikode–Malappuram–Perinthalmanna–Palakkad National Highway 966.

Malappuram is one of the 14 districts in the South Indian state of Kerala. The district has a unique and eventful history starting from pre-historic times. During the early medieval period, the district was the home to two of the four major kingdoms that ruled Kerala. Perumpadappu was the original hometown of the Kingdom of Cochin, which is also known as Perumbadappu Swaroopam, and Nediyiruppu was the original hometown of the Zamorin of Calicut, which is also known as Nediyiruppu Swaroopam. Besides, the original headquarters of the Palakkad Rajas were also at Athavanad in the district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Malabar</span> Geographical / Historical Area in Kerala, India

South Malabar refers to a geographical area of the southwestern coast of India covering some parts of the present-day Kerala. South Malabar covers the regions included in present-day Kozhikode taluk of Kozhikode district, the whole area of Malappuram district, Chavakkad taluk of Thrissur district, and Palakkad district, excluding parts of Chittur taluk. The Fort Kochi region of Kochi city also historically belongs to South Malabar. The term South Malabar refers to the region of the erstwhile Malabar District south to the river Korapuzha, and bears a high cultural similarity to both the Cochin and the North Malabar region.

References

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  3. 1 2 Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2018 (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Kerala. 2020. p. 55.
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