This is a complete list of members of the United States Senate during the 78th United States Congress listed by seniority, from January 3, 1943, to January 3, 1945.
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.
The Seventy-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1943, to January 3, 1945, during the last two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Sixteenth Census of the United States in 1940. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Order of service is based on the commencement of the senator's first term. Behind this is former service as a senator (only giving the senator seniority within his or her new incoming class), service as Vice President, a House member, a Cabinet secretary, or a governor of a state. The final factor is the population of the senator's state. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The Vice President of the United States is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the President of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The Vice President is also an officer in the legislative branch, as President of the Senate. In this capacity, the Vice President presides over Senate deliberations, but may not vote except to cast a tie-breaking vote. The Vice President also presides over joint sessions of Congress.
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they compose the legislature of the United States.
In the United States, a governor serves as the chief executive officer and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently inhabited territories, functioning as both head of state and head of government therein. As such, governors are responsible for implementing state laws and overseeing the operation of the state executive branch. As state leaders, governors advance and pursue new and revised policies and programs using a variety of tools, among them executive orders, executive budgets, and legislative proposals and vetoes. Governors carry out their management and leadership responsibilities and objectives with the support and assistance of department and agency heads, many of whom they are empowered to appoint. A majority of governors have the authority to appoint state court judges as well, in most cases from a list of names submitted by a nominations committee.
Senators who were sworn in during the middle of the two-year congressional term (up until the last senator who was not sworn in early after winning the November 1944 election) are listed at the end of the list with no number.
Class | Terms of service of senators that will expire in years |
---|---|
Class 3 | Terms of service of senators that will expire in 1945 [5] |
Class 1 | Terms of service of senators that will expire in 1947 [6] |
Class 2 | Terms of service of senators that will expire in 1949 [7] |
Rank | Senator (party-state) | Seniority date | Other factors |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Ellison D. Smith (D-SC) [8] | March 4, 1909 | |
2 | Kenneth McKellar (D-TN) | March 4, 1917 | |
3 | Hiram W. Johnson (R-CA) | March 16, 1917 | |
4 | Charles L. McNary (R-OR) [9] | December 18, 1918 | |
5 | Arthur Capper (R-KS) | March 4, 1919 | |
6 | Carter Glass (D-VA) | February 2, 1920 | |
7 | Walter F. George (D-GA) | November 22, 1922 | |
8 | Henrik Shipstead (R-MN) | March 4, 1923 | Minnesota 17th in population (1920) |
9 | Burton K. Wheeler (D-MT) | Montana 39th in population (1920) | |
10 | Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (Prog-WI) | September 30, 1925 | |
11 | Gerald P. Nye (R-ND) [10] | November 14, 1925 | |
12 | David I. Walsh (D-MA) | December 6, 1926 | |
13 | Carl Hayden (D-AZ) | March 4, 1927 | Former representative (15 years) |
14 | Alben W. Barkley (D-KY) | Former representative (14 years) | |
15 | Elmer Thomas (D-OK) | Former representative (4 years), Oklahoma 21st in population (1920) | |
16 | Millard Tydings (D-MD) | Former representative (4 years), Maryland 28th in population (1920) | |
17 | Robert F. Wagner (D-NY) | ||
18 | Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-MI) | March 31, 1928 | |
19 | Tom Connally (D-TX) | March 4, 1929 | |
20 | James J. Davis (R-PA) [10] | December 2, 1930 | |
21 | Wallace H. White, Jr. (R-ME) | March 4, 1931 | Former representative |
22 | Josiah W. Bailey (D-NC) | North Carolina 12th in population (1930) | |
23 | John H. Bankhead (D-AL) | Alabama 15th in population (1930) | |
24 | Warren Austin (R-VT) | April 1, 1931 | |
25 | Hattie Caraway (D-AR) [10] | November 13, 1931 | |
26 | Robert R. Reynolds (D-NC) [10] | December 5, 1932 | |
27 | Richard Russell, Jr. (D-GA) | January 12, 1933 | |
28 | Bennett Champ Clark (D-MO) [10] | February 4, 1933 | |
29 | John H. Overton (D-LA) | March 4, 1933 | Former representative |
30 | Harry F. Byrd (D-VA) | Former governor | |
31 | Frederick Van Nuys (D-IN) [11] | Indiana 11th in population (1930) | |
32 | Homer T. Bone (D-WA) [12] | Washington 30th in population (1930) | |
33 | Elbert D. Thomas (D-UT) | Utah 40th in population (1930) | |
34 | Pat McCarran (D-NV) | Nevada 48th in population (1930) | |
35 | Carl A. Hatch (D-NM) | October 10, 1933 | |
36 | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D-WY) | January 1, 1934 | |
37 | James E. Murray (D-MT) | November 7, 1934 | |
38 | Peter G. Gerry (D-RI) | January 3, 1935 | Previously a senator |
39 | George L. P. Radcliffe (D-MD) | Former representative | |
40 | Theodore G. Bilbo (D-MS) | Former governor | |
41 | Joseph F. Guffey (D-PA) | Pennsylvania 2nd in population (1930) | |
42 | Harry S. Truman (D-MO) | Missouri 10th in population (1930) | |
43 | Francis T. Maloney (D-CT) | Connecticut 29th in population (1930) | |
44 | Dennis Chavez (D-NM) | May 11, 1935 | |
45 | Guy M. Gillette (D-IA) [10] | November 4, 1936 | Former representative |
46 | Charles O. Andrews (D-FL) | ||
47 | Claude Pepper (D-FL) | ||
48 | Edwin C. Johnson (D-CO) | January 3, 1937 | Former governor, Colorado 33rd in population (1930) |
49 | Theodore F. Green (D-RI) | Former governor, Rhode Island 37th in population (1930) | |
50 | Styles Bridges (R-NH) | Former governor, New Hampshire 41st in population (1930) | |
51 | Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (R-MA) [13] | Massachusetts 8th in population (1930) | |
52 | Allen J. Ellender (D-LA) | Louisiana 22nd in population (1930) | |
53 | Joseph L. Hill (D-AL) | January 11, 1938 | |
54 | William W. Barbour (R-NJ) [14] | November 9, 1938 | |
55 | Tom Stewart (D-TN) | ||
56 | James M. Mead (D-NY) | December 3, 1938 | |
57 | Scott W. Lucas (D-IL) | January 3, 1939 | Former representative (4 years), Illinois 3rd in population (1930) |
58 | D. Worth Clark (D-ID) | Former representative (4 years), Idaho 42nd in population (1930) | |
59 | Charles W. Tobey (R-NH) | Former representative (2 years), former governor | |
60 | Clyde M. Reed (R-KS) | Former governor | |
61 | Robert A. Taft (R-OH) | Ohio 4th in population (1930) | |
62 | Sheridan Downey (D-CA) | California 6th in population (1930) | |
63 | Alexander Wiley (R-WI) | Wisconsin 13th in population (1930) | |
64 | John A. Danaher (R-CT) [10] | Connecticut 29th in population (1930) | |
65 | Rufus C. Holman (R-OR) [10] | Oregon 34th in population (1930) | |
66 | J. Chandler Gurney (R-SD) | South Dakota 36th in population (1930) | |
67 | Albert B. Chandler (D-KY) | October 9, 1939 | |
68 | John W. Thomas (R-ID) | January 27, 1940 | |
69 | C. Wayland Brooks (R-IL) | November 22, 1940 | |
70 | Monrad C. Wallgren (D-WA) | December 19, 1940 | |
71 | Abe Murdock (D-UT) | January 3, 1941 | Former representative (8 years) |
72 | Ralph O. Brewster (R-ME) | Former representative (6 years), former governor | |
73 | William Langer (R-ND) | Former governor | |
74 | Harold H. Burton (R-OH) | Ohio 4th in population (1940) | |
75 | Raymond E. Willis (R-IN) | Indiana 12th in population (1940) | |
76 | Harley M. Kilgore (D-WV) | West Virginia 24th in population (1940) | |
77 | Hugh A. Butler (R-NE) | Nebraska 32nd in population (1940) | |
78 | Ernest McFarland (D-AZ) | Arizona 43rd in population (1940) | |
79 | James M. Tunnell (D-DE) | Delaware 47th in population (1940) | |
80 | George Aiken (R-VT) | January 10, 1941 | |
81 | W. Lee O'Daniel (D-TX) | August 4, 1941 | |
82 | Burnet R. Maybank (D-SC) | November 5, 1941 | |
83 | Eugene D. Millikin (R-CO) | December 20, 1941 | |
84 | James G. Scrugham (D-NV) | December 7, 1942 | |
85 | James O. Eastland (D-MS) | January 3, 1943 | Former senator |
86 | Harlan J. Bushfield (R-SD) | Former governor, South Dakota 37th in population (1940) | |
87 | C. Douglass Buck (R-DE) | Former governor, Delaware 47th in population (1940) | |
88 | Homer Ferguson (R-MI) | Michigan 7th in population (1940) | |
89 | Albert W. Hawkes (R-NJ) | New Jersey 9th in population (1940) | |
90 | Joseph H. Ball (R-MI) | Minnesota 18th in population (1940) | |
91 | Edward H. Moore (R-OK) | Oklahoma 22nd in population (1940) | |
92 | W. Chapman Revercomb (R-WV) | West Virginia 24th in population (1940) | |
93 | John L. McClellan (D-AR) | Arkansas 25th in population (1940) | |
94 | Kenneth S. Wherry (R-NE) | Nebraska 32nd in population (1940) | |
95 | Edward V. Robertson (R-WY) | Wyoming 46th in population (1940) | |
96 | George A. Wilson (R-IA) | January 14, 1943 | |
Arthur Walsh (R-NJ) [15] | November 26, 1943 | ||
Samuel D. Jackson (D-IN) [16] | January 28, 1944 | ||
Sinclair Weeks (R-MA) [10] | February 8, 1944 | ||
Guy Cordon (R-OR) | March 4, 1944 | ||
William E. Jenner (R-IN) [10] | November 14, 1944 | ||
Wilton E. Hall (D-SC) [10] | November 20, 1944 | ||
H. Alexander Smith (R-NJ) | December 7, 1944 | ||
Warren Magnuson (D-WA) | December 14, 1944 | ||