The United States almost doubles in size when it buys out France's territorial claims in North America in the Louisiana Purchase. This begins the American westward expansion to the Pacific, later called Manifest Destiny. It involves annexing and conquering land from Mexico, Britain, and Native Americans.
The Congress of Vienna redraws the European map. Reaction and conservatism dominate all of Europe.[3] The Concert of Europe attempts to preserve this settlement, but the forces of liberalism and nationalism make for dramatic changes. It marks the beginning of a Pax Britannica which lasts until 1914.
1816–1817: widespread economic distress in Europe.[4]
Year Without a Summer: Unusually cold conditions wreak havoc throughout the Northern Hemisphere, likely influenced by the 1815 explosion of Mount Tambora.
1816: Shaka rises to power over the Zulu Kingdom. Zulu expansion was a major factor of the Mfecane ("Crushing") that depopulated large areas of southern Africa.
Cadbury opens a chocolate shop in Birmingham, England.
Gibbons v. Ogden, a landmark decision in which the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the power to regulate interstate commerce encompassed the power to regulate navigation.
Prime Minister Robert Peel secures repeal of Test & Corporation Acts, This gives religious liberty to Nonconformists in Britain but deeply splits Tory party.
U.S. Congress passes the Indian Removal Act which authorized the President to negotiate removal treaties with many native tribes living east of the Mississippi. This act led to the forced removal of several native tribes over the next century.
Anglo-Russian rivalry over Afghanistan, the Great Game, commences and concludes in 1895.
End of the Diponegoro war. The whole area of Yogyakarta and Surakarta Manca nagara Dutch seized on September 27, Klaten Agreement determines a fixed boundary between Surakarta and Yogyakarta and permanently divide the kingdom of Mataram was signed by Sasradiningrat, Pepatih Dalem Surakarta, and Danurejo, Pepatih Dalem Yogyakarta. Mataram is de facto and de jure controlled by the Dutch East Indies.
August 22: Nat Turner and a band of slaves lead an insurrection in Southampton County, Virginia. The rebellion is put to an end two days later. As many as two hundred African Americans, including innocent victims, died as a result.[6]
Chief John Ross of the Cherokee Nation defends Cherokee rights and sovereignty in the U.S. Supreme Court case The Cherokee Nation v. The State of Georgia[6]Emigrants leaving Ireland. From 1830 to 1914, almost 5 million Irish people went to the United States alone.
November Uprising ends with crushing defeat for Poland in the Battle of Warsaw.
Samuel Colt popularizes the revolver and sets up a firearms company to manufacture his invention of the Colt Paterson revolver a six bullets firearm shot one by one without reloading manually.
1840s: Oregon Trail as well as the Santa Fe Trail, Platte Road and Mormon Trail provided Westward mobility into California and Oregon. Motivations for use of such trails include market opportunity and escape from religious persecution.
First publicly funded telegraph line in the world—between Baltimore and Washington—sends demonstration message on 24 May, ushering in the age of the telegraph. This message read "What hath God wrought?" (Bible, Numbers 23:23)
The Wilmot Proviso unsuccessfully attempts to ban slavery in western territories acquired after the Mexican-American War.
The Oregon Treaty is signed between the United Kingdom and the United States, ceding the modern states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana, to the United States.
1846–1878: Ultraconservative Pope Pius IX battles modernity
The Convention of Kanagawa formally ends Japan's policy of isolation. This would open up two ports in Japan to American ships and offered protection to American crews.
Robert Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacilli. The disease killed an estimated 25 percent of the adult population of Europe during the 19th century.The first batch of recordings of audio Made in April 1860. The recordings include a tuning fork, Au clair de la lune, opening lines of Torquato Tasso's Aminta, vocal scale and Fly, little bee.[8]David Livingstone, Scottish explorer and missionary in Africa.
United States President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln issued a preliminary[9] on September 22, 1862, warning that in all states still in rebellion (Confederacy) on January 1, 1863, he would declare their slaves "then, thenceforward, and forever free."[10] The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution,[11] ratified in 1865, officially abolished slavery in the entire country.
The Expatriation Act of 1868 is approved by the U.S. Congress, one of the early blows which would eventually lead to the death of the common law doctrine of perpetual allegiance.
From 1865 to 1870 Paraguay lost more than half of its population in the Paraguayan War against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The Panic of 1873 and Long Depression followed.
The Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, and Graveurs, better known as the Impressionists, organize and present their first public group exhibition at the Paris studio of the photographer Nadar.
Krakatoa volcano explosion, one of the largest in modern history.Thomas Edison was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.
First motor bus in history: the Benz Omnibus, built in 1895 for the Netphener bus company.Miners and prospectors ascend the Chilkoot Trail during the Klondike Gold Rush.Studio portrait of Ilustrados in Europe, c. 1890
Lombok War[13] The Dutch looted and destroyed the Cakranegara palace of Mataram.[14] J. L. A. Brandes, a Dutch philologist discovered and secured Nagarakretagama manuscript in Lombok royal library.
↑ Wahyu Ernawati: "Chapter 8: The Lombok Treasure", in Colonial collections Revisited: Pieter ter Keurs (editor) Vol. 152, CNWS publications. Issue 36 of Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden. CNWS Publications, 2007. ISBN978-90-5789-152-6. 296 pages. pp. 186–203
Grant, A. J. and Harold Temperley. Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1789-1939) (1940) online
Langer, William, ed. An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973); highly detailed outline of events online
Murphy, Derrick. AS/A-level 19th & 20th century European & world history (2002) online
Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present (1970) online
Gladden, Rhodes. Kalispell Montana 59901. Call me at (406) 871 7070
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