40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform

RPS4X
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4UG0, 4V6X, 5A2Q, 3J7R, 3J7P
Identifiers
Aliases	RPS4X , CCG2, DXS306, RPS4, S4, SCAR, SCR10, ribosomal protein S4, X-linked, ribosomal protein S4 X-linked
External IDs	OMIM: 312760 HomoloGene: 90857 GeneCards: RPS4X
Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human) [1] Band Xq13.1 Start 72,255,679 bp [1] End 72,277,248 bp [1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in germinal epithelium lactiferous duct tibia visceral pleura parietal pleura corpus epididymis vulva superficial temporal artery hair follicle caput epididymis n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function rRNA binding structural constituent of ribosome protein binding RNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome cytosol ribosome membrane focal adhesion intracellular anatomical structure cytosolic small ribosomal subunit small ribosomal subunit cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule extracellular exosome extracellular matrix nucleoplasm ribonucleoprotein complex synapse Biological process viral transcription positive regulation of translation SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane multicellular organism development positive regulation of cell population proliferation translational initiation nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay rRNA processing protein biosynthesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6191 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000198034 n/a UniProt P62701 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001007 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_000998 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr X: 72.26 – 72.28 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS4X gene. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

Ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes ribosomal protein S4, a component of the 40S subunit. Ribosomal protein S4 is the only ribosomal protein known to be encoded by more than one gene, namely this gene and ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked (RPS4Y). The 2 isoforms encoded by these genes are not identical, but are functionally equivalent. Ribosomal protein S4 belongs to the S4E family of ribosomal proteins. This gene is not subject to X-inactivation. It has been suggested that haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein S4 genes plays a role in Turner syndrome; however, this hypothesis is controversial. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. ^[5]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198034 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. Watanabe M, Furuno N, Goebl M, Go M, Miyauchi K, Sekiguchi T, Basilico C, Nishimito T (Apr 1992). "Molecular cloning of the human gene, CCG2, that complements the BHK-derived temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutant tsBN63: identity of CCG2 with the human X chromosomal SCAR/RPS4X gene". J Cell Sci. 100 (1): 35–43. doi:10.1242/jcs.100.1.35. PMID   1795030.
4. Zinn AR, Alagappan RK, Brown LG, Wool I, Page DC (Apr 1994). "Structure and function of ribosomal protein S4 genes on the human and mouse sex chromosomes". Mol Cell Biol. 14 (4): 2485–92. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.4.2485. PMC   358616 . PMID   8139551.
5. "Entrez Gene: RPS4X ribosomal protein S4, X-linked".

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A (1996). "Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins". Biochem. Cell Biol. 73 (11–12): 933–947. doi:10.1139/o95-101. PMID   8722009.
• Fisher EM, Beer-Romero P, Brown LG, et al. (1991). "Homologous ribosomal protein genes on the human X and Y chromosomes: escape from X inactivation and possible implications for Turner syndrome". Cell. 63 (6): 1205–1218. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90416-C. PMID   2124517. S2CID   16060228.
• Wiles MV, Alexander CM, Goodfellow PN (1988). "Isolation of an abundantly expressed sequence from the human X chromosome by differential screening". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 14 (1): 31–39. doi:10.1007/BF01535047. PMID   2829364. S2CID   2698676.
• Matoba R, Okubo K, Hori N, et al. (1994). "The addition of 5'-coding information to a 3'-directed cDNA library improves analysis of gene expression". Gene. 146 (2): 199–207. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90293-3. PMID   8076819.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID   8125298.
• Watanabe M, Zinn AR, Page DC, Nishimoto T (1993). "Functional equivalence of human X- and Y-encoded isoforms of ribosomal protein S4 consistent with a role in Turner syndrome". Nat. Genet. 4 (3): 268–271. doi:10.1038/ng0793-268. PMID   8358435. S2CID   11495083.
• Geerkens C, Just W, Held KR, Vogel W (1996). "Ullrich-Turner syndrome is not caused by haploinsufficiency of RPS4X". Hum. Genet. 97 (1): 39–44. doi:10.1007/bf00218830. PMID   8557258. S2CID   9987276.
• Vladimirov SN, Ivanov AV, Karpova GG, et al. (1996). "Characterization of the human small-ribosomal-subunit proteins by N-terminal and internal sequencing, and mass spectrometry". Eur. J. Biochem. 239 (1): 144–149. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0144u.x . PMID   8706699.
• Omoe K, Endo A (1996). "Relationship between the monosomy X phenotype and Y-linked ribosomal protein S4 (Rps4) in several species of mammals: a molecular evolutionary analysis of Rps4 homologs". Genomics. 31 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0007. PMID   8808278.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID   9373149.
• Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, et al. (1998). "A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes". Genome Res. 8 (5): 509–23. doi: 10.1101/gr.8.5.509 . PMID   9582194.
• Uechi T, Tanaka T, Kenmochi N (2001). "A complete map of the human ribosomal protein genes: assignment of 80 genes to the cytogenetic map and implications for human disorders". Genomics. 72 (3): 223–230. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6470. PMID   11401437.
• Robinson RC, Turbedsky K, Kaiser DA, et al. (2001). "Crystal structure of Arp2/3 complex". Science. 294 (5547): 1679–1684. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.1679R. doi:10.1126/science.1066333. PMID   11721045. S2CID   18088124.
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, et al. (2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Curr. Biol. 12 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2002CBio...12....1A. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 . PMID   11790298.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Agate RJ, Choe M, Arnold AP (2004). "Sex differences in structure and expression of the sex chromosome genes CHD1Z and CHD1W in zebra finches". Mol. Biol. Evol. 21 (2): 384–396. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msh027 . PMID   14660691.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–45. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID   14702039.