Middlesex County, Massachusetts

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Middlesex County
County
Great Dome, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Aug 2019.jpg
Hartwell Tavern 2.jpeg
Mill Building (now museum), Lowell, Massachusetts.JPG
Walden Pond2.jpg
Images, from top down, left to right: The Great Dome at MIT; Hartwell Tavern in Minute Man National Historical Park; Historic buildings of the Lowell mills; Walden Pond in Concord
Middlesex County Seal.png
Seal
Map of Massachusetts highlighting Middlesex County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Massachusetts
Massachusetts in United States.svg
Massachusetts's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°29′N71°23′W / 42.49°N 71.39°W / 42.49; -71.39
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts
FoundedMay 10, 1643
Named for Middlesex, England
Seat Lowell and Cambridge (de jure)
Largest city Cambridge
Area
 • Total
847 sq mi (2,190 km2)
 • Land818 sq mi (2,120 km2)
 • Water29 sq mi (80 km2)  3.5%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
1,632,002 Increase2.svg
 • Density1,996/sq mi (771/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th

Middlesex County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,632,002, [1] making it the most populous county in both Massachusetts and New England and the 22nd most populous county in the United States. This also makes the county the most populous county on the East Coast outside of New York or Florida. Middlesex County is one of two U.S. counties (along with Santa Clara County, California) to be amongst the top 25 counties with the highest household income and the 25 most populated counties. It is included in the Census Bureau's Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan Statistical Area. As part of the 2020 United States census, the Commonwealth's mean center of population for that year was geo-centered in Middlesex County, in the town of Natick [2] [a] (this is not to be confused with the geographic center of Massachusetts, which is in Rutland, Worcester County).

Contents

On July 11, 1997, Massachusetts abolished the executive government of Middlesex County primarily due to the county's insolvency. [3] Middlesex County continues to exist as a geographic boundary [4] and is used primarily as district jurisdictions within the court system and for other administrative purposes; for example, as an election district. The National Weather Service weather alerts (such as severe thunderstorm warning) continue to localize based on Massachusetts's counties.

History

The county was created by the Massachusetts General Court on May 10, 1643, when it was ordered that "the whole plantation within this jurisdiction be divided into four shires." Middlesex initially contained Charlestown, Cambridge, Watertown, Sudbury, Concord, Woburn, Medford, and Reading. [5] In 1649 the first Middlesex County Registry of Deeds was created in Cambridge.

On April 19, 1775, Middlesex was the site of the first armed conflict of the American Revolutionary War.

In 1855, the Massachusetts State Legislature created a minor Registry of Deeds for the Northern District of Middlesex County in Lowell. [5]

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Boston annexed several of its adjacent cities and towns including Charlestown and Brighton from Middlesex County, resulting in an enlargement and accretion toward Suffolk County. [5]

Beginning prior to the dissolution of the executive county government, the county comprised two regions with separate county seats for administrative purposes:

Since the start of the 21st century, much of the current and former county offices have physically decentralized from the Cambridge seat, with the sole exceptions being the Registry of Deeds and the Middlesex Probate and Family Court, which both retain locations in Cambridge and Lowell. Since the first quarter of 2008, the Superior Courthouse [8] [9] has been seated in the city of Woburn; [10] [11] the Sheriff's Office is now administratively seated in the city of Medford and the Cambridge-based County Jail [12] has since been amalgamated with another county jail facility in Billerica. [13] The Cambridge District Court (which has jurisdiction for Arlington, Belmont and Cambridge); along with the Middlesex County District Attorney's Office, although not a part of the Middlesex County government, was also relatedly forced to relocate to Medford at the time of the closure of the Superior Courthouse building in Cambridge. [14] [15]

Law and government

Of the fourteen counties of Massachusetts, Middlesex is one of eight [16] which have had no county government or county commissioners since July 1, 1998, when county functions were assumed by state agencies at local option following a change in state law. [4] Immediately prior to its dissolution, the executive branch consisted of three County Commissioners elected at-large to staggered four-year terms. There was a County Treasurer elected to a six-year term. The county derived its revenue primarily from document filing fees at the Registries of Deeds and from a Deeds Excise Tax; also a transfer tax was assessed on the sale price of real estate and collected by the Registries of Deeds. [17]

Budgets as proposed by the County Commissioners were approved by a County Advisory Board that consisted of a single representative of each of the 54 cities and towns in Middlesex County. The votes of the individual members of the advisory board were weighted based on the overall valuation of property in their respective communities.

The County Sheriff and two Registers of Deeds (one for the Northern District at Lowell and another for the Southern District at Cambridge) are each elected to serve six-year terms. [18] Besides the employees of the Sheriff's Office and the two Registries of Deeds, the county had a Maintenance Department, a Security Department, some administrative staff in the Treasurer's and Commissioners' Offices, and the employees of the hospital.

The county government also owned and operated the Superior Courthouse, one of which was formerly in Cambridge (since 2008 relocated to Woburn.) [8] and one in Lowell; and the defunct Middlesex County Hospital in the city of Waltham.

The legislation abolishing the Middlesex County executive retained the Sheriff and Registers of Deeds as independently elected officials, and transferred the Sheriff's Office under the state Department of Public Safety and the two Registry of Deeds offices to the Massachusetts Secretary of State's Office. [19] Additionally, all county maintenance and security employees were absorbed into the corresponding staffs of the Massachusetts Trial Court. The legislation also transferred ownership of the two Superior Courthouses to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The hospital was closed. Finally, the office of County Commissioner was immediately abolished and the office of County Treasurer was abolished as of December 31, 2002. [20] Any county roads transferred to the Commonwealth as part of the dissolution. The other administrative duties (such as Sheriff, Department of Deeds and court system, etc.) and all supporting staff were transferred under the Commonwealth as well.

Administrative structure today

Records of land ownership in Middlesex County continue to be maintained at the two Registries of Deeds. Besides the Sheriff and the two Registers of Deeds, the Middlesex District Attorney, the Middlesex Register of Probate and the Middlesex Clerk of Courts (which were already part of state government before the abolition of Middlesex County government) are all elected countywide to six-year terms.

In Middlesex County (as in the entirety of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts), the governmental functions such as property tax assessment and collection, public education, road repair and maintenance, and elections were all conducted at the municipal city and town level and not by the county government.

In 2012 the 22-story Superior Court Building in Cambridge which was transferred from the abolished Executive County government was sold [23] [24] by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. [25] Due to its transfer from state control, [26] many local residents had tried to force the private developers to reduce the overall height of the structure. [27] [28]

Even following the abolition of the executive branch for county government in Middlesex, communities are still granted a right by the Massachusetts state legislature to form their own regional compacts for sharing of services and costs thereof.

County government: Middlesex County
Clerk of Courts: Michael A. Sullivan
District Attorney: Marian T. Ryan
Register of Deeds:Richard P. Howe, Jr. (North at Lowell)
Maria C. Curtatone (South at Cambridge)
Register of Probate:Tara E. DeCristofaro
County Sheriff: Peter J. Koutoujian [29]
State government
State Representative(s):37 Representatives [30]
State Senator(s):16 Senators [31]
Governor's Councilor(s): Robert L. Jubinville (D-2nd district)
Marilyn M. Petitto (D-3rd district)
Eileen R. Duff (D-5th district)
Terrence W. Kennedy (D-6th district)
Paul DePalo (D-7th district)
Federal government
U.S. Representative(s): Jake Auchincloss (D- 4th district )
Lori Trahan (D- 3rd district )
Seth Moulton (D- 6th district )
Katherine Clark (D- 5th district )
Ayanna Pressley (D- 7th district )
U.S. Senators: Elizabeth Warren (D), Ed Markey (D)

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 847 square miles (2,190 km2), of which 818 square miles (2,120 km2) is land and 29 square miles (75 km2) (3.5%) is water. [32] It is the third-largest county in Massachusetts by land area.

It is bounded southeast by the Charles River and drained by the Merrimack, Nashua, and Concord rivers, and other streams. [33]

The MetroWest region comprises much of the southern portion of the county.

Adjacent counties

Transportation

These routes pass through Middlesex County

National protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1790 42,769—
1800 46,9289.7%
1810 52,78912.5%
1820 61,47216.4%
1830 77,96126.8%
1840 106,61136.7%
1850 161,38351.4%
1860 216,35434.1%
1870 274,35326.8%
1880 317,83015.8%
1890 431,16735.7%
1900 565,69631.2%
1910 669,91518.4%
1920 778,35216.2%
1930 934,92420.1%
1940 971,3903.9%
1950 1,064,5699.6%
1960 1,238,74216.4%
1970 1,397,26812.8%
1980 1,367,034−2.2%
1990 1,398,4682.3%
2000 1,465,3964.8%
2010 1,503,0852.6%
2020 1,632,0028.6%
2023 (est.)1,623,952 [34] −0.5%
U.S. Decennial Census [35]
1790-1960 [36] 1900-1990 [37]
1990-2000 [38] 2010-2020 [39]

As of 2006, Middlesex County was tenth in the United States on the list of most millionaires per county. [40]

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 1,503,085 people, 580,688 households, and 366,656 families residing in the county. [41] The population density was 1,837.9 inhabitants per square mile (709.6/km2). There were 612,004 housing units at an average density of 748.3 per square mile (288.9/km2). [42] The racial makeup of the county was 80.0% white, 9.3% Asian, 4.7% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 3.3% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.5% of the population. [41]

The largest ancestry groups were: [43]

Of the 580,688 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.9% were non-families, and 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.10. The median age was 38.5 years. [41]

The median income for a household in the county was $77,377 and the median income for a family was $97,382. Males had a median income of $64,722 versus $50,538 for females. The per capita income for the county was $40,139. About 5.1% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over. [44]

79.6% spoke English, 4.3% Spanish, 2.7% Portuguese, 1.6% Italian, 1.6% Chinese including Mandarin and other Chinese dialects and 1.5% French as their first language.

Middlesex County has the largest Irish-American population of any U.S. county with a plurality of Irish ancestry. [45] [46]

Demographic breakdown by town

Income

The ranking of unincorporated communities that are included on the list is reflective if the census-designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. [47] [48] [49]

RankTownPer capita
income		Median
household
income		Median
family
income		PopulationNumber of
households
1 Weston Town$96,475$180,815$220,44111,2293,557
2 Sherborn Town$70,983$152,083$183,4564,1021,463
3 Wayland Town$70,185$125,076$151,81212,9394,902
4 Carlisle Town$68,060$159,063$171,1674,8141,612
5 Lexington Town$67,584$136,610$158,88831,12911,411
6 Concord Town$67,374$127,951$156,35217,5236,197
7 Winchester Town$65,172$127,665$160,70621,2057,611
8 Sudbury Town$63,862$159,713$173,58717,4825,613
9 Newton City$60,323$109,724$141,94484,58330,735
10 Lincoln Town$57,471$130,523$141,6676,4802,150
11 Hopkinton Town$56,939$126,350$149,21314,6914,893
Chestnut Hill (02467) ZCTA $55,947$114,140$151,37521,9526,237
12 Belmont Town$54,361$99,529$121,25024,5489,465
Cochituate CDP$52,936$107,589$133,0826,3842,496
13 Boxborough Town$51,159$103,918$134,5834,9571,984
14 Acton Town$49,603$109,491$135,00021,6567,924
15 Natick Town$49,012$90,046$117,25932,72913,440
16 Bedford Town$48,899$101,886$128,44813,1924,951
17 Stow Town$48,448$112,130$132,0616,4882,328
West Concord CDP$47,633$103,693$145,2426,1342,069
18 Holliston Town$47,624$107,374$125,23613,5124,918
19 Westford Town$47,587$119,511$135,00021,7167,308
20 Arlington Town$47,571$85,059$107,86242,57019,007
21 Groton Town$47,003$117,903$135,14310,4783,650
22 Ashland Town$46,626$93,770$116,79916,3056,484
23 Cambridge City$46,242$69,017$94,536104,32245,386
24 Reading Town$44,949$99,131$117,47724,5049,055
25 Chelmsford Town$42,535$90,895$110,96733,61013,304
26 North Reading Town$42,256$104,069$116,72914,7035,077
27 Dunstable Town$41,937$109,205$121,4063,1281,087
28 Littleton Town$41,815$103,438$114,0948,8103,198
Middlesex CountyCounty$41,453$79,691$100,2671,491,762577,349
29 Watertown City$41,090$76,718$90,52131,79214,042
30 Wakefield Town$40,227$85,379$112,29324,79410,058
31 Burlington Town$40,083$92,236$107,33924,2079,177
32 Melrose City$39,873$84,599$105,89326,86410,963
Groton CDP$39,208$55,446$127,7081,077507
Hopkinton CDP$38,507$71,536$105,8822,110877
33 Tyngsborough Town$38,067$101,103$111,78011,1983,797
34 Stoneham Town$37,573$77,476$95,49021,4138,909
35 Marlborough City$37,314$72,853$94,77038,08715,856
36 Wilmington Town$37,084$100,861$107,43622,1167,200
37 Pepperell Town$37,081$84,618$102,94611,4074,125
38 Maynard Town$36,818$77,255$93,11610,0834,222
39 Tewksbury Town$36,509$86,378$103,00828,77810,670
40 Hudson Town$36,141$76,714$95,74618,8457,679
Pepperell CDP$35,227$68,500$65,4172,239852
Massachusetts State$35,051$65,981$83,3716,512,2272,522,409
41 Medford City$34,615$72,033$83,07855,84322,461
Hudson CDP$33,734$68,812$86,21614,7976,129
42 Woburn City$33,725$72,540$87,92437,83115,357
43 Waltham City$33,717$68,326$82,23360,20923,520
44 Framingham City$33,665$66,047$86,97767,84426,167
Pinehurst CDP$33,572$95,038$100,6507,2892,414
45 Billerica Town$33,347$88,531$98,37139,93013,859
46 Somerville City$32,785$64,480$71,51875,56631,476
47 Ashby Town$32,434$82,614$84,6553,0301,060
48 Ayer Town$32,179$54,899$78,9477,3703,063
Littleton Common CDP$32,058$80,352$105,2172,9071,131
49 Dracut Town$31,533$71,824$88,28129,24911,173
50 Townsend Town$31,201$76,250$91,0238,9063,114
East Pepperell CDP$30,475$74,077$79,1042,195811
Ayer CDP$30,456$42,055$79,7082,5731,205
United States Country$27,915$52,762$64,293306,603,772114,761,359
Townsend CDP$27,166$51,512$71,023968453
51 Malden City$26,893$52,842$65,76358,82123,422
Shirley CDP$24,943$41,250$41,8381,330593
52 Everett City$24,575$48,319$58,04541,07915,681
53 Shirley Town$24,427$71,146$78,4937,2352,189
54 Lowell City$23,600$51,471$57,934105,86039,399
Devens CDP$13,933$72,986$73,1941,704113

Law enforcement

Middlesex Sheriff's Office
MiddlesexSheriffpatch.jpg
Patch of the Middlesex Sheriff's Office
AbbreviationMSO
Agency overview
Formed1692;332 years ago (1692)
Employees800
Annual budget$60 Million
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionMassachusetts, U.S.
Legal jurisdictionCounty of Middlesex, Massachusetts
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters Medford, Massachusetts
Sheriff responsible
Facilities
Lockups2
Patrol Vehicles Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor

The primary responsibility of the Middlesex Sheriff's Office is oversight of the Middlesex House of Correction and Jail in Billerica. It formerly ran the Middlesex Jail in Cambridge, which closed on June 28, 2014. In addition, the Sheriff's Office operates the Office of Civil Process and, the Lowell Community Counseling Centers, and crime prevention and community service programs. The office of sheriff was created in 1692, making it one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the United States. The sheriff is elected to a 6-year term. [50]

Notable sheriffs include: [22]

Politics

Voter registration and party enrollment as of August 2024 [51]
Unenrolled712,349
Democratic 327,852
Republican 77,758
Libertarian 3,095
Other parties 6,641
Total1,127,675

Prior to 1960, Middlesex County was a Republican Party stronghold, backing only two Democratic Party presidential candidates from 1876 to 1956. The 1960 election started a reverse trend, with the county becoming a Democratic stronghold. This has been even more apparent in recent years, with George H. W. Bush in 1988 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage forty percent of the county's votes and Mitt Romney in 2012 being the last Republican presidential candidate to manage even thirty percent of the vote. In 2020, Joe Biden won 71% of the vote, the highest percent for any presidential candidate since 1964.

United States presidential election results for Middlesex County, Massachusetts [52]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
2024 235,11828.85%554,47168.05%25,2433.10%
2020 226,95626.28%617,19671.47%19,4252.25%
2016 219,79327.59%520,36065.31%56,5827.10%
2012 267,32135.45%471,80462.56%15,0451.99%
2008 245,76633.85%464,48463.98%15,7812.17%
2004 237,81534.52%440,86263.99%10,2831.49%
2000 198,91430.27%404,04361.49%54,0918.23%
1996 169,92627.06%398,19063.41%59,8619.53%
1992 193,70328.10%343,99449.89%151,75622.01%
1988 290,35243.82%361,56354.57%10,7131.62%
1984 319,60449.42%325,06550.26%2,0850.32%
1980 256,99940.30%270,75142.46%109,92917.24%
1976 260,04440.42%359,91955.94%23,4193.64%
1972 269,06443.56%345,34355.91%3,2440.53%
1968 188,30432.60%370,31064.11%18,9823.29%
1964 134,72923.36%439,79076.25%2,2910.40%
1960 246,12640.78%356,13059.01%1,2600.21%
1956 343,12561.12%216,66838.60%1,5800.28%
1952 316,06956.99%236,91042.72%1,6260.29%
1948 228,26246.98%248,24051.09%9,4061.94%
1944 236,10252.81%210,25347.03%7250.16%
1940 242,65852.36%218,66347.18%2,1160.46%
1936 199,70447.60%189,51245.17%30,3047.22%
1932 184,48650.44%174,25747.64%7,0081.92%
1928 189,18952.00%173,33947.64%1,3130.36%
1924 162,53063.68%64,54425.29%28,16111.03%
1920 156,63669.90%61,66127.52%5,7812.58%
1916 60,80253.77%49,84444.08%2,4262.15%
1912 30,51129.66%36,68935.67%35,66734.67%
1908 58,67261.19%31,36232.71%5,8536.10%
1904 55,70460.63%32,88935.80%3,2753.56%
1900 49,63860.57%29,47635.97%2,8413.47%
1896 57,28171.36%19,59124.41%3,3944.23%
1892 40,37552.37%34,76945.10%1,9462.52%
1888 35,76854.31%28,57043.38%1,5192.31%
1884 27,65448.50%22,20638.95%7,15712.55%
1880 30,33959.31%19,80138.71%1,0131.98%
1876 27,30458.02%19,56141.57%1930.41%
1872 26,57068.12%12,43431.88%00.00%
1868 24,69466.47%12,45433.53%00.00%


Communities

1889 map of Middlesex County Map of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, by Geo. H. Walker & Co., 1889.jpg
1889 map of Middlesex County
Map of Middlesex County, with Cambridge highlighted Middlesex County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Cambridge highlighted.svg
Map of Middlesex County, with Cambridge highlighted

Most municipalities in Middlesex County have a town form of government; the remainder are cities, and are so designated on this list. Villages listed below are census or postal divisions but have no separate corporate or statutory existence from the cities and towns in which they are located.

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other villages and neighborhoods

Education

School districts include: [53]

K-12:

Secondary:

Elementary:

Tertiary institutions include:

Culture

Middlesex County is home to the Middlesex County Volunteers, a fife and drum corps that plays music from the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Founded in 1982 at the end of the United States Bicentennial celebration, the group performs extensively throughout New England. They have also performed at the Boston Pops, throughout the British Isles and Western Europe, and at the Edinburgh Military Tattoo's Salute to Australia in Sydney, Australia.

See also

Explanatory notes

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Billerica, Massachusetts</span> Town in Massachusetts, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chelmsford, Massachusetts</span> Town in Massachusetts, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dracut, Massachusetts</span> Town in Massachusetts, United States

Dracut is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2020 census, the town's population was 32,617, making it the second most populous town in Massachusetts with an open town meeting system of governance. The town covers a total area of 21.36 square miles, 0.5 square miles of which are water.

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Tyngsborough is a town in northern Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Tyngsborough is 28 miles (45 km) from Boston along the Route 3 corridor, and located on the New Hampshire state line. At the 2020 census, the town population was 12,380. By its location, the town serves as a suburb of neighboring cities such as Nashua, New Hampshire and Lowell, Massachusetts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westford, Massachusetts</span> Town in Massachusetts, United States

Westford is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was at 24,643 at the time of the 2020 Census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woburn, Massachusetts</span> City in Massachusetts, United States

Woburn is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 40,876 at the 2020 census. Woburn is located 9 miles (14 km) north of Boston. Woburn uses Massachusetts' mayor-council form of government, in which an elected mayor is the executive and a partly district-based, partly at-large city council is the legislature. It was the last of Massachusetts' 351 municipalities to refer to members of its city council as "aldermen".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burlington, Massachusetts</span> Town in Massachusetts, United States

Burlington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 26,377 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Boston</span> Combined Statistical Area in the US

Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England, and its surrounding areas. The most stringent definition of the region, used by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council, consists of most of the eastern third of mainland Massachusetts, excluding the Merrimack Valley and most of Southeastern Massachusetts, though most definitions include much of these areas and portions of southern New Hampshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middlesex Canal</span> Barge canal in eastern Massachusetts, US

The Middlesex Canal was a 27-mile (44-kilometer) barge canal connecting the Merrimack River with the port of Boston. When operational it was 30 feet wide, and 3 feet deep, with 20 locks, each 80 feet long and between 10 and 11 feet wide. It also had eight aqueducts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boston and Lowell Railroad</span> Railroad in Massachusetts, United States, 1835–1887

The Boston and Lowell Railroad was a railroad that operated in Massachusetts in the United States. It was one of the first railroads in North America and the first major one in the state. The line later operated as part of the Boston and Maine Railroad's Southern Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district</span> U.S. House district for Massachusetts

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district is located in north-central and northeastern Massachusetts. The largest municipalities in the district are Lowell, Lawrence, Haverhill, Methuen, Billerica (partial), Fitchburg, and Marlborough.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Lowell</span> Region of Massachusetts in the United States

Greater Lowell is the region comprising the city of Lowell, Massachusetts, and its suburbs. These lie in northern Middlesex County, Massachusetts; in the Merrimack Valley; and in southern New Hampshire.

Barzillai Lew was an African-American soldier who served with distinction during the American Revolutionary War.

Elections to the Massachusetts Senate were held on November 4, 1908, to elect 40 State Senators to the 130th Massachusetts General Court. Candidates were elected at the district level, with many districts covering multiple towns or counties.

References

  1. ↑ "Census - Geography Profile: Middlesex County, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  2. ↑ "STATEFP,STNAME,POPULATION,LATITUDE,LONGITUDE". United States Census Bureau . April 1, 2020. Archived from the original on April 1, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  3. ↑ Concannon, Brendan (2014). "Massachusetts County Government: A Viable Institution?". Undergraduate Review. 10. Bridgewater State University: 55–62. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  4. 1 2 Mass. Gen. L. c. 34B
  5. 1 2 3 Davis, William T. Bench and Bar of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, p. 44. The Boston History Company, 1895.
  6. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  7. ↑ Mass. Gen. L. c. 36, § 1
  8. 1 2 Moskowitz, Eric (February 14, 2008). "Court move a hassle for commuters". Archived from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  9. ↑ Redmond, Lisa (March 10, 2008). "Middlesex Superior Court moving to Woburn". Digital First Media. Lowell Sun. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018. WOBURN – Middlesex Superior Court, currently located in the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, will move to a new facility in Woburn in the TradeCenter on Sylvan Road beginning Friday, according to Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan.
  10. ↑ "Press Release: Middlesex Superior Court Moves to Woburn". Cummings Properties, LLC. March 17, 2008. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018. Woburn, MA, March 17, 2008 – The new furniture has been installed, years of case files have been dusted off, moved and organized, and the computers are all hooked up and ready to go. After 40 years in Cambridge, the Superior Court is open and ready for business in Woburn. [ ... ] Serving nearly all of the 54 communities in Middlesex County, the new Woburn building houses 15 courtrooms, clerks' offices, judges' chambers, the probation department, the law library, and more. In addition, the Court estimates that more than 400 people will use the building every day, including, lawyers, judges, administrative staff, jurors, plaintiffs, defendants, visitors, and others who work at the building and use the system.
  11. ↑ Properties, Cummings (September 20, 2013). "Press Release:Middlesex Superior Court renews lease in Woburn". Cummings Properties, Business. Patch Media. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has extended its lease for the Middlesex County Superior Courthouse at TradeCenter 128 in Woburn for a seven-year term. This renewal comes five years after the Court moved from the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, which was in need of extensive renovations and has since been slated for redevelopment.
  12. ↑ Hanson, Melissa (June 28, 2014). "Middlesex Jail in Cambridge closes". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The Middlesex Jail at the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge closed Saturday after 32 years of operation, according to Middlesex Sheriff Peter J. Koutoujian.
  13. ↑ Boeri, David (June 30, 2014). "One Last Elevator Ride Down: Cambridge High-Rise Jail Is No More". WBUR . Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. A high-security weekend operation has emptied the Middlesex County Jail in Cambridge of all its inmates.
  14. ↑ Barry, Rob (February 26, 2009). "Cambridge Court opens in Medford" . WickedLocal. GateHouse Media, LLC. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The Cambridge District Court moved into Medford this week, placing itself in the former Cross Country building at 4040 Mystic Valley Pkwy.
  15. ↑ Kenney, Joan; Whiting, Charlotte (February 17, 2009). "Third District Court of Middlesex County Relocates From Cambridge to Medford" (PDF). Public Information Office. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Boston Bar Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. Chief Justice for Administration and Management Robert A. Mulligan today announced that the Third District Court of Middlesex County, currently located in the Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge, will move to a new court facility on the Mystic Valley Parkway in Medford after the close of business on February 20, 2009, and open for business at this new site on Monday, February 23, 2009.
  16. ↑ "General Laws of Massachusetts, Chapter 34B. Abolition of County Government". Massachusetts General Court. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  17. ↑ Middlesex County Directory: 1993-1995, (Cambridge: Middlesex County Commissioners Office, 1995)
  18. ↑ Mass. Gen. L. c. 34, § 4
  19. ↑ Mass. Gen. L. c. 34B, § 10
  20. ↑ Mass. Gen. L. c. 34B, § 2
  21. ↑ Conklin, Edwin P. (1927). Middlesex County and Its People. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 119. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  22. 1 2 Edward M. Burns, Esq. (October 20, 2009). "History of Middlesex Sheriff's Office". Middlesex Special Sheriff. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009.
  23. ↑ Baldassari, Erin (December 17, 2012). "Leggat McCall wins bid for Sullivan Courthouse redevelopment in Cambridge" . WickedLocal. GateHouse Media, LLC. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2012. Leggat McCall Properties was selected from a pool of seven bidders to redevelop the 22-story, 600,000-square-foot EJ Sullivan Courthouse in East Cambridge, the state announced Friday, Dec. 14.
  24. ↑ Parker, Brock (November 16, 2011). "State advertising 22-story Sullivan Courthouse, seeking to sell by September" . Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. State officials are advertising for a buyer for the 22-story, asbestos-plagued Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse in Cambridge and hope to move prisoners housed in county jail at the facility to another location by the spring of 2013.
  25. ↑ Ansari, Esq., Maryam K. (December 19, 2012). "Cambridge Residents Contesting Plans for Sullivan Courthouse". FindLaw Network. Boston Real Estate Law News. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  26. ↑ Goodison, Donna (July 20, 2017). "Cambridge courthouse judged fit for redo". Boston Herald and Herald Media . Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The Appeals Court upheld a 2015 Land Court decision that determined the former Edward J. Sullivan Courthouse, when transferred from state ownership to private ownership under Boston developer Leggat McCall Properties, would still be considered a legal, preexisting nonconforming structure despite losing its government immunity from zoning rules.
  27. ↑ Chesto, Jon (August 8, 2017). "A towering dilemma in East Cambridge". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on August 11, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2018. The developers who want to remodel the imposing former courthouse tower in East Cambridge and enliven its ground floor had hoped an appeals court decision last month was the final green light they needed.
  28. ↑ Staff writer (July 20, 2017). "40 Thorndike Street". Bldup.com. BLDUP. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018. Upcoming mixed-use development located steps from Kendall Square that will transform the existing 22-story Sullivan Courthouse and Middlesex Jail tower in East Cambridge into a 20-story mixed-use tower. The new 40 Thorndike Street will feature approximately 430,000 square feet of office, research & development space and 15,000 square feet of ground-floor retail, along with 24 apartment residences on lower floors. Lower office floors will be marketed to startup companies as innovation space. Retail will include a grocery store and a health club; a daycare could be included as well.
  29. ↑ "Peter J. Koutoujian : Biography". December 9, 2013. Archived from the original on December 9, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2022.
  30. ↑ "Representative Districts". Archived from the original on May 30, 2007. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
  31. ↑ "Massachusetts General Court – Senatorial Districts". Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
  32. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  33. ↑ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Middlesex: I. A N. E. county of Massachusetts"  . The American Cyclopædia .
  34. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  35. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  36. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  38. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  39. ↑ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  40. ↑ Sahadi, Jeanne (March 28, 2006). "Top 10 millionaire counties". CNN. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  41. 1 2 3 "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  42. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  43. ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  44. ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  45. ↑ "US Census Press Releases". February 25, 2006. Archived from the original on February 25, 2006.
  46. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  47. ↑ "SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  48. ↑ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  49. ↑ "HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  50. ↑ "Middlesex Sheriff". Middlesexsheriff.org. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  51. ↑ "The Commonwealth of Massachusetts" (PDF). Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. August 24, 2024. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
  52. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  53. ↑ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Middlesex County, MA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022. - Text list Archived July 22, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

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