Puerto Galera

Puerto Galera
Municipality
Municipality of Puerto Galera
Sabang Bay
Flag Seal
Motto:  The Amazing Puerto Galera
Anthem: The Amazing Puerto Galera
Map of Oriental Mindoro with Puerto Galera highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Puerto Galera Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 13°30′00″N120°57′15″E / 13.5°N 120.95417°E / 13.5; 120.95417
Country	Philippines
Region	Mimaropa
Province	Oriental Mindoro
District	1st district
Founded	1574
Barangays	13 (see Barangays)
Government   [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
•  Mayor	Rocky D. Ilagan
•  Vice Mayor	Marlon L. Lopez
•  Representative	Paulino Salvador C. Leachon
•  Electorate	27,759 voters (2022)
Area [2]
• Total	247.85 km2 (95.70 sq mi)
Elevation	429 m (1,407 ft)
Highest elevation	2,571 m (8,435 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2020 census) [3]
• Total	41,961
• Density	170/km2 (440/sq mi)
•  Households	9,944
Economy
•  Income class	1st municipal income class
•  Poverty incidence	16.21 % (2021) [4]
•  Revenue	₱ 217 million (2020)
•  Assets	₱ 547.7 million (2020)
•  Expenditure	₱ 209.5 million (2020)
•  Liabilities	₱ 122.7 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative (ORMECO)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	5203
PSGC	175211000
IDD  :  area code	+63 (0)43
Native languages	Iraya Tagalog
Website	www.puertogalera.gov.ph

Puerto Galera, officially the Municipality of Puerto Galera (Filipino : Bayan ng Puerto Galera), is a municipality in the province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 41,961 people. ^[3]

It is mainly accessible from the Southern Luzon gateway port of Batangas by bamboo boats (bangka) operated by local regular operators. Seaplane Operator Air Juan Aviation, Inc. flies two daily flights from Manila to Puerto Galera on their Cessna Grand Caravan Seaplanes.

History

San Miguel (Spanish galera) replica at the Municipal Hall

Chinese traders possibly knew the place before the arrival of the Spaniards but there is no evidence of Chinese settlement. ^[5] The place was likely also known by other Southeast Asian merchants, who would have found it convenient to load and unload trading goods. The bay was a convenient place to shelter ships against bad weather, and a warehouse was built to store supplies and trade black rice from Muelle. ^[6]

In April 1570, the Spaniards arrived in Bombon (now known as Batangas), and later sailed through the Isla Verde Passage, landed and called the place Puerto Galera (the port of Galleons). Miguel López de Legazpi became the first Spanish governor-general of the island. A garrison for soldiers was built in Muelle, and watch towers were erected in Dampalitan Point to monitor naval activity in the bay. Spaniards came to conquer for their king and chased the Muslim Moro pirates who were disrupting their trade with the Chinese and natives. The latter proved to be not only skilled warriors but also good negotiators even in the face of defeat. ^[5]

In 1663, a change in the form of administration occurred in the island, the corregidor was replaced by the alcalde-mayor or provincial governor, and the capital was moved from Puerto Galera to Baco. In the seventeenth century, the relative prosperity of the city underwent a serious setback with the rise of Muslim piracy. ^[7] Both pirates attacks and the mismanagement of the Spaniards resulted in driving the native population either into exile in safer places or sending them inland to comparative safety.

Geography

Puerto Galera is located at the north-westernmost part of Oriental Mindoro, and at the south-western end of the Isla Verde Passage, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south of Manila and 51 kilometres (32 mi) from Calapan, the provincial capital.

Barangays

Puerto Galera is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

• Aninuan
• Baclayan
• Balatero
• Dulangan
• Palangan
• Poblacion
• Sabang
• San Antonio
• San Isidro
• Santo Niño
• Sinandigan
• Tabinay
• Villaflor

Climate

Climate data for Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	28 (82)	29 (84)	30 (86)	31 (88)	31 (88)	30 (86)	29 (84)	29 (84)	29 (84)	29 (84)	29 (84)	28 (82)	29 (85)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	22 (72)	21 (70)	22 (72)	23 (73)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	24 (74)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	48 (1.9)	32 (1.3)	41 (1.6)	54 (2.1)	257 (10.1)	410 (16.1)	466 (18.3)	422 (16.6)	429 (16.9)	300 (11.8)	137 (5.4)	92 (3.6)	2,688 (105.7)
Average rainy days	10.8	8.0	9.8	11.7	23.1	27.5	29.2	28.7	28.7	25.5	18.2	12.8	234
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally) [8]

Demographics

Population census of Puerto Galera

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 1,275 —     1939 3,433 +2.79% 1948 3,948 +1.57% 1960 5,925 +3.44% 1970 7,659 +2.60% 1975 10,129 +5.77% 1980 12,306 +3.97%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1990 17,200 +3.41% 1995 19,485 +2.36% 2000 21,925 +2.56% 2007 28,035 +3.45% 2010 32,521 +5.55% 2015 36,606 +2.28% 2020 41,961 +2.72%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [9] [10] [11] [12]

The Philippine Statistics Authority characterizes the municipality of Puerto Galera as first class based on household income. ^[13] The municipality had a population of 32,521 in the 2010 national census. The population in 2012 was estimated to be 35,188. ^[14]

Economy

Poverty incidence of Puerto Galera

10 20 30 40 2006 35.40 2009 23.88 2012 11.00 2015 7.89 2018 13.25 2021 16.21 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]

Port of Puerto Galera

The traditional economy of the city used to be fishing and subsistence agriculture, but with the boom of tourism at the end of the 1970s, the service sector became more and more important and led to population and economic growth. ^[23] Of the 13 villages ("barangays") in Puerto Galera, half now rely on tourism-based activities for sustenance. ^[24]

In addition, Mindoro is quickly becoming one of the key places in the development of renewable energy in the Philippines. With several large wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal projects under construction, the island hoped in 2012 to be a net exporter of electricity by 2016. ^{[25] [26]}

Tourism

White Beach

Tourism now represents the core activity of the economy of Puerto Galera, which is well known for its beaches, scuba diving and entertainment activities, including "go-go bars". The city and its beaches have also become one of the many sites of the Philippines sex tourism industry. ^[27]

This coastal town has a number of pocket beaches and snorkeling and scuba diving spots. The area was designated a Man and Biosphere reserve of UNESCO in 1973 and has some of the most diverse coral reef diving in Asia. Since 2001, the marine environment has benefited from a huge reduction in the number of fishermen in the area, as they gain higher revenue from tourism activities.

Puerto Galera is included in the list of the "Club of the Most Beautiful Bays of the World", and is the only bay in the Philippines to be found on this list. ^[28]

Among the beaches in Puerto Galera are Sabang Beach and White Beach, which have an active nightlife with numerous bars and restaurants. Both places are directly accessible from Batangas by bangka regular lines. On the west, where is only a local boat connection to Abra de Ilog, the planned road between the two cities has not been completed yet. On the east, the city connects by road to Calapan through the Mindoro circular road.

Tourism

Diving and snorkeling

Puerto Galera underwater view

Puerto Galera, especially the Sabang area, is among the top diving destinations in the Philippines and in Asia.^{[ citation needed ]} Diving sites are found less than five minutes from Sabang Beach.^{[ citation needed ]} Diving activities generally focus around the areas either side of Escarceo Point. Marine life is diverse. There are over 180+ species of nudibranchs found in the area, and many species of fish can be seen. A variety of wrecks over the years can be found in addition to the one wreck of an engine of a WWII Japanese patrol boat. The major diving federations PADI, CMAS, NAUI and Technical Diving International (TDI) are represented in the area, offering courses from beginners' open water to advanced and technical diving (rebreather, trimix). Diving trips in the Verde Island Passage, at the heart of the Coral Triangle are organized from Puerto Galera. Many threatened species such as a variety of sea turtles including hawksbills, olive ridleys, and green turtles, humphead wrasses, giant groupers and giant clams are present in the Verde Island Passage.

Environment

The accelerated development of tourism jeopardizes the preservation of its delicate ecological system consumed by "overdevelopment due to a thriving but runaway free-market tourism". ^[29] Currently, this appears to be the "biggest problem" of Puerto Galera. ^[30] Accelerated tourist oriented development poses degradation to the environment, among which, seawater pollution brought about by improper sewage and wastewater discharges. ^[24] Unless serious action is taken, with regular seawater monitoring, this situation poses a serious threat to the sustainability of various tourist activities at the beaches.

In the summer of 1998, extensive coral bleaching occurred around Medio Island, and a large section of a shallow coral reef system (referred to as the "Coral Gardens") died. Since then, the coral has regrown with a larger diversity of coral species replacing the prolific table corals. Corals in Puerto Galera were largely unaffected by the 2010 El Niño event. The local government declared the 4,828 ha of municipal waters (12,690 ha) as protected waters, giving special protection to the corals and reef fishes. ^[31]

In 2006, two super typhoons damaged the shallow reefs around Escarceo Point. A major section of the faster-growing coral species growing up to a depth of 6 metres (20 ft) was destroyed. This represented about 5% of the coral reef in the area. Extensive signs of new coral recruitment were noted in mid-2008. Acropora species (staghorn and table coral) rapidly recolonized the area so that most of the damaged coral has been replaced with new growth.

Gallery

• 
  Puerto Galera white beach
• 
  White Beach at sunset, looking towards the north-east end
• 
  Tamaraw Falls
• 
  Muelle Port
• 
  Puerto Galera Church
• 
  Nautical chart of Puerto Galera's harbor (1917)
• 
  Puerto galera underwater coral seascape with hydroid (Aglaophenia)
• 
  Two large feather stars anchored to coral
• 
  Juvenile fish seeking shelter in coral
• 
  Pink anemonefish with its sea anemone host
• 
  Underwater seascape with bright crinoid and tropical fish
• 
  Underwater seascape
• 
  Underwater seascape
• 
  Coral
• 
  Coral
• 
  Turtle on a Puerto Galera coral reef

References

1.   Municipality of Puerto Galera | (DILG)
2. "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN   0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
3. Census of Population (2020). "Mimaropa". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved July 8, 2021.
4. "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
5. Lopez, Violeta B. (1974). "Culture Contact and Ethnogenesis in Mindoro up to the End of the Spanish Rule" (PDF). Asian Studies. 12 (1): 1–38.
6. Kushwaha, U. K. S. (2016). Black Rice: Research, History and Development. Springer. p. 51. ISBN   978-3-319-30153-2.
7. Barrantes, Vicente (1878). Guerras piráticas de Filipinas contra mindanaos y joloanos, corregidas é ilustradas por Don Vicente Barrantes. Biblioteca Hispano-Ultramarina (in Spanish). Madrid: Imprenta de Manuel G. Hernández – via Biblioteca Digital de Castilla y León.
8. "Puerto Galera: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
9. Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority . Retrieved June 20, 2016.
10. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office . Retrieved June 29, 2016.
11. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region IV-B (Mimaropa)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
12. "Province of Oriental Mindoro". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
13. "Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
14. "Demographic Profile". Official Website of Oriental Mindoro. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
15. "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
16. "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
17. "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
18. "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
19. "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
20. "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
21. "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
22. "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
23. "Puerto Galera". UNESCO. 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
24. Rubio, Maria Cecilia D.; Nadaoka, Kazuo; Pokavanich, Tanuspong; Iizuka, Hiroyasu; Blanco, Ariel C.; Paringit, Enrico C. (2006). Complementarity of Sensor Based Measurements and Community Perception for Monitoring and Management of Seawater Quality (PDF). Paper presented at the Symposium on Infrastructure Development and the Environment 2006, December 7–8, 2006, SEAMEO-INNOTECH, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
25. Evora, Robert A. (August 20, 2012). "Mindoro Wind Farm Dwarfs Ilocos Plant". Manila Standard Today. Archived from the original on August 24, 2012.
26. Flores, Alena Mae S. (September 23, 2013). "Mindoro Wind Farm Cleared". ManilaStandardToday.com. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013.
27. Wiss, Rosemary (2013). "And Justice for All? International Anti-Trafficking Agendas and Local Consequences in a Philippines Sex Tourism Town". Australian Journal of Human Rights. 19 (1): 55–82. doi:10.1080/1323-238X.2013.11882117. S2CID   158752556 – via Academia.edu.
28. Membership in the France-based Club of the Most Beautiful Bays of the World (Club des Plus Belles Baies du Monde) is obtained by application. The club is chartered to list only one bay per sea in a given country "Charte du Club des Plus Belles Baies". Club des Plus Belles Baies (in French). Archived from the original on October 23, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2008.. The club lists the Bay of Puerto Galera (Baie de Puerto Galera Archived December 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine ) as being located at 13°3' NR, 120°75' in the E China Sea (southern) ("E Mer de Chine (sud)" in French).
29. Fortes, Miguel D. (1997). Puerto Galera: A Lost Biosphere Reserve?. South-South Co-operation Programme for Environmentally Sound Socio-Economic Development in the Humid Tropics Working Papers, No. 18. UNESCO. page 2, abstract.
30. Sembrano, Edgar Allan M. (April 10, 2016). "Puerto Galera: A Biosphere Reserve in Distress". Lifestyle.Inq. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
31. WWF Matching Grant Sulu Sulawesi Seas Marine Ecoregion Program CA Number HFP-A-00-02-00028-00 – Annual Report (PDF) (Report). WWF and USAID. 2008. Retrieved January 28, 2017– via usaid.gov.

External links

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Local Governance Performance Management System
• Puerto Galera travel guide from Wikivoyage