Benton County, Arkansas

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Benton County
Benton County Courthouse, Bentonville, Arkansas.jpg
Central Avenue at night.jpg
Beaver Lake with changing leaves.jpg
Mildred B Cooper Memorial Chapel inside.jpg
Downtown Rogers.jpg
Clockwise from top: Benton County Courthouse in Bentonville, Beaver Lake, downtown Rogers, Mildred B. Cooper Memorial Chapel in Bella Vista, and downtown Bentonville
Flag of Benton County, Arkansas.svg
Seal of Benton County, Arkansas.svg
Map of Arkansas highlighting Benton County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Arkansas
Arkansas in United States.svg
Arkansas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 36°21′08″N94°14′03″W / 36.352222222222°N 94.234166666667°W / 36.352222222222; -94.234166666667
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas
FoundedSeptember 30, 1836
Named for Thomas Hart Benton
Seat Bentonville
Largest city Rogers
Area
  Total884 sq mi (2,290 km2)
  Land847 sq mi (2,190 km2)
  Water37 sq mi (100 km2)  4.1%
Population
 (2020)
  Total284,333
  Estimate 
(2022)
302,863 Increase2.svg
  Density320/sq mi (120/km2)
Time zone UTC−6 (Central)
  Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district 3rd
Website www.bentoncountyar.gov

Benton County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Arkansas. Created as Arkansas' 35th county on September 30, 1836, Benton County contains thirteen incorporated municipalities, including Bentonville, the county seat, and Rogers, the most populous city. The county was named after Thomas Hart Benton, a U.S. Senator from Missouri influential in Arkansas statehood.

Contents

The county is located within the Springfield Plateau of the Ozarks. Much of eastern Benton County is located along Beaver Lake, a reservoir of the White River. The county contains three protected areas: Logan Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Pea Ridge National Military Park, and Devil's Eyebrow Natural Area, as well as parts of the Ozark National Forest, Hobbs State Park – Conservation Area, and two state wildlife management areas.

Benton County occupies 884.86 square miles (229,180 ha) and contained a population of 284,333 people in 100,749 households as of the 2020 Census, [1] ranking it tenth in size and second in population among the state's 75 counties. The county's economy is heavily influenced by the presence of Walmart, headquartered in Bentonville, and hundreds of associated businesses, with agriculture, tourism, and construction also important sectors. Benton County's median household income is the highest in Arkansas and slightly above the national median. [2] [3]

History

Prior to white settlement of the county, the region was used by roving bands of Osage and Delaware who used the area for seasonal hunting grounds. Initial white settlement on Benton County took place around Maysville around 1830, followed by areas around Garfield, Cross Hollow, and Centerton. Settlers were predominantly from Tennessee, followed by Southern Piedmont states. [4] Benton County was created from neighboring Washington County by the Arkansas General Assembly on September 30, 1836. Created shortly after statehood, it was named for Thomas Hart Benton, a U.S. Senator from Missouri influential in Arkansas's statehood. [5]

Following establishment, a citizen committee was established to select the county seat. It decided to create Bentonville, with a town square and 136 lots around it, in 1837. The first building serving as courthouse was the home of George P. Wallace, the first county judge, for the 1837 court term. By the following year, a log structure on the north side of the Bentonville square was complete and served as the first permanent courthouse. In 1841, a contractor was building a brick courthouse in the middle of the Bentonville square. It was burned by Union troops during the Civil War in 1862. Court resumed after the war in a rented office for a few months until a new two-story frame building was constructed east of the county jail. In 1870, the search for a more permanent home for county government began, and a new structure was finished after significant struggle and controversy, in 1874. This building was replaced by the present-day Benton County Courthouse in 1928. [6]

On May 26, 2024, Benton County experienced the largest tornado in Arkansas history, an EF3 with a width of 1.8 miles (2.9 km). This also initiated the first ever Arkansas appearance of FEMA for emergency disaster relief.[ citation needed ]

Geography

Benton County is located within the Springfield Plateau subset of the Ozark Mountains. The plateau is gently rolling compared to the steeper Boston Mountains to the south and east, and contains karst features such as springs, losing streams, sinkholes and caves. Groundcover historically consisted of oak hickory forest or savannas and tall grass prairies. Today, most of the forest and almost all of the prairie have been replaced by agriculture or expanding residential areas. Poultry, cattle, and hog farming are primary land uses; pastureland and hayland are common. Application of poultry litter to agricultural fields is a non-point source that can impair water quality. Total suspended solids and turbidity values in streams are usually low, but total dissolved solids and water hardness values are high. [7]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 884 square miles (2,290 km2), of which 847 square miles (2,190 km2) is land and 37 square miles (96 km2) (4.1%) is water. [8] Most of the water is in Beaver Lake.

The county is located approximately 112 miles (180 km) east of Tulsa, Oklahoma, 212 miles (341 km) south of Kansas City, Missouri, and 215 miles (346 km) northwest of Little Rock, Arkansas. [Note 1] Benton County is surrounded by Barry County, Missouri and McDonald County, Missouri to the north, Delaware County, Oklahoma and Adair County, Oklahoma to the west, Carroll County to the east, and the other two counties of the NWA metropolitan area: Madison County to the east, and Washington County to the south. The highest point in Benton County is near the Lost Bridge Village Community Center on Whitney Mountain (formerly known as Poor Mountain). [10]

Hydrology

Beaver Lake as seen from the Prairie Creek community Beaver Lake from Prairie Creek, Arkansas.jpg
Beaver Lake as seen from the Prairie Creek community

Benton County is divided into five watersheds. The eastern part of the county is drained by the White River, which includes Beaver Lake. Major tributaries include War Eagle Creek, Little Clifty Creek, Spider Creek, Indian Creek, Prairie Creek and Esculapia Creek. Northern Benton County is within the Elk River watershed; the northeast corner is drained by tributaries to Big Sugar Creek; north central Benton County drains to Little Sugar Creek. The southwest part of Benton County is within the Illinois River watershed; southwest and south-central parts of the county drain to Osage Creek and western Benton County drains to Flint Creek or Spavinaw Creek. Northeastern Benton County drains to tributaries of the Neosho River. [10] A very small part of northwestern Benton County drains to the Grand Lake.

The county has natural springs, which were very important to early settlers. Benton County communities named for their nearby springs include Cave Springs, Eldorado Springs, Elm Springs, Osage Mills, Siloam Springs, Springdale, Springtown, and Sulphur Springs.

Protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1840 2,228
1850 3,71066.5%
1860 9,306150.8%
1870 13,83148.6%
1880 20,32847.0%
1890 27,71636.3%
1900 31,61114.1%
1910 33,3895.6%
1920 36,2538.6%
1930 35,253−2.8%
1940 36,1482.5%
1950 38,0765.3%
1960 36,272−4.7%
1970 50,47639.2%
1980 78,11554.8%
1990 97,49924.8%
2000 153,40657.3%
2010 221,33944.3%
2020 284,33328.5%
2023 (est.)311,013 [11] 9.4%
U.S. Decennial Census [12]
1790–1960 [13] 1900–1990 [14]
1990–2000 [15] 2010–2020 [16] 2020 [1]
Age pyramid Benton County USA Benton County, Arkansas age pyramid.svg
Age pyramid Benton County

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States Census, [18] there were 153,406 people, 58,212 households, and 43,484 families residing in the county. The population density was 181 inhabitants per square mile (70/km2). There were 64,281 housing units at an average density of 76 per square mile (29/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 90.87% White, 0.41% Black or African American, 1.65% Native American, 1.09% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 4.08% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. 8.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of 2005 estimates, Benton County's population was 81.7% non-Hispanic white, while the percentage of Latinos grew by 60 percent in the time period. 1.1% of the population was African-American; 1.6% was Native American (the historical presence of the Cherokee Indians live in close proximity to Oklahoma); 1.7% was Asian (there was a large influx of Filipinos, Vietnamese and South Asian immigrants in recent decades) and 0.2% of the population was Pacific Islander. 1.6% reported two or more races, usually not black-white due to a minuscule African-American population. 12.8% was Latino, but the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce believed the official estimate is underreported and Latinos could well be 20 percent of the population. [19]

There were 58,212 households, out of which 34.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.00% were married couples living together, 8.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.30% were non-families. 21.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.60% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 29.40% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,281, and the median income for a family was $45,235. Males had a median income of $30,327 versus $22,469 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,377. About 7.30% of families and 10.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.80% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, the county population was 221,339. The racial makeup of the county was 76.18% Non-Hispanic white, 1.27% Black or African American, 1.69% Native American, 2.85% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander. 15.49% of the population was Hispanic or Latino. [20]

2020 census

Benton County racial composition [21]
RaceNumberPercentage
White (non-Hispanic)191,76171.34%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)4,5231.59%
Native American 3,7991.34%
Asian 13,6024.78%
Pacific Islander 2,5980.91%
Other/Mixed 17,5106.16%
Hispanic or Latino 50,54017.61%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 284,333 people, 100,749 households, and 72,399 families residing in the county.

Culture

After the end of Prohibition in 1933, Benton County voters voted that year to stay dry and voted twice in 1944 to stay dry. [22] In 2012, Benton County voters elected to make the county wet, allowing countywide retail alcohol sales. [23]

Economy

Transportation

Major highways

The historic Trail of Tears is on US highways 62 and 71 and connects with U.S. Route 412 in nearby Washington County.

Airports

Rail

The Arkansas and Missouri Railroad parallels US Highways 62 and 71 in the county.

Politics

As is typical of the Ozarks and the Bible Belt, Benton County is strongly Republican. It was one of the first counties in Arkansas to break from the Democratic Solid South, supporting Republicans Herbert Hoover in 1928 and Thomas E. Dewey in 1944. It has not been carried by a Democratic presidential nominee since Harry S. Truman in 1948. [24] Along with nearby Sebastian County, it was one of the few counties in Arkansas to resist the appeal of Southern Democratic “favorite sonsLyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, and Arkansas governor Bill Clinton, [lower-alpha 1] while also voting for Republican Richard Nixon in 1968 as George Wallace won Arkansas on the pro-segregation American Independent Party ticket. Carter in 1976 remains the last Democrat to win even forty percent of the county's vote.

In Benton County, voters have supported the GOP in the last eighteen presidential elections.

United States presidential election results for Benton County, Arkansas [25]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.%No.%No.%
2020 73,96561.68%42,24935.23%3,6983.08%
2016 60,87162.87%28,00528.92%7,9488.21%
2012 54,64668.95%22,63628.56%1,9752.49%
2008 51,12467.20%23,33130.67%1,6182.13%
2004 46,57168.37%20,75630.47%7941.17%
2000 34,83864.94%17,27732.21%1,5312.85%
1996 23,74851.89%17,20537.59%4,81510.52%
1992 21,12648.81%15,77436.45%6,37914.74%
1988 24,29571.23%9,39927.55%4161.22%
1984 24,29675.90%7,30622.82%4081.27%
1980 18,83063.96%9,23131.36%1,3794.68%
1976 12,67052.75%11,28947.00%610.25%
1972 14,62177.86%4,08321.74%740.39%
1968 8,10449.94%4,08825.19%4,03624.87%
1964 5,97751.25%5,65548.49%300.26%
1960 7,83267.58%3,61931.23%1391.20%
1956 6,50063.08%3,74436.33%610.59%
1952 7,91668.83%3,55830.94%260.23%
1948 2,91144.70%3,28150.38%3214.93%
1944 3,30553.52%2,86146.33%90.15%
1940 1,96243.86%2,44254.59%691.54%
1936 1,67240.64%2,41858.77%240.58%
1932 1,27524.53%3,77572.62%1482.85%
1928 3,24857.29%2,34841.42%731.29%
1924 1,69437.04%2,31350.58%56612.38%
1920 1,91639.34%2,83858.28%1162.38%
1916 1,29329.39%3,10670.61%00.00%
1912 54114.05%2,35361.12%95624.83%
1908 1,52731.77%3,06763.82%2124.41%
1904 1,20235.08%1,96357.30%2617.62%
1900 1,08726.36%2,98072.28%561.36%
1896 68516.05%3,54883.15%340.80%
1892 1,21229.29%2,58762.52%3398.19%

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Townships

Townships in Benton County, Arkansas as of 2010 Benton County Arkansas 2010 Township Map large.jpg
Townships in Benton County, Arkansas as of 2010

Note: Most Arkansas counties have names for their townships. Benton County, however, has numbers instead of names.

Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Benton County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. [26] [27]

Township FIPS  code ANSI  code
(GNIS  ID)
Population
center(s)
Pop.
(2010)
Pop.
density
(/mi2)
Pop.
density
(/km2)
Total area
(mi2)
Total area
(km2)
Land area
(mi2)
Land area
(km2)
Water area
(mi2)
Water area
(km2)
Geographic coordinates
Township 1 05-93626 01989186 all of: Garfield, Gateway, Lost Bridge Village, Prairie Creek; parts of: Avoca, Rogers 13,223113.7943.93130.964339.2116.205301.014.75938.23 36°24′44″N93°58′47″W / 36.412328°N 93.979817°W / 36.412328; -93.979817
Township 2 05-93628 01989194 small parts of: Lowell, Rogers, Springdale 14,279150.3358.04111.844289.794.984246.016.86043.67 36°16′50″N93°59′00″W / 36.280449°N 93.983324°W / 36.280449; -93.983324
Township 3 05-93630 01989187 parts of: Lowell, Rogers, Springdale; most of Bethel Heights 20,0371,903.93735.0310.57227.3810.52427.260.0480.1243 36°16′22″N94°07′30″W / 36.272833°N 94.124961°W / 36.272833; -94.124961
Township 4 05-93632 01989188 all of Cave Springs  ; most of the following: Lowell, Rogers, Springdale (within Benton County); small parts of Elm Springs 25,596518.70200.2849.693128.749.346127.80.3470.8987 36°16′16″N94°11′33″W / 36.271000°N 94.192603°W / 36.271000; -94.192603
Township 5 05-93634 01989189 part of Rogers 12,7922,873.321,109.454.46011.554.45211.530.0080.02072 36°20′09″N94°08′26″W / 36.335732°N 94.140417°W / 36.335732; -94.140417
Township 6 05-93636 01989190 most of Little Flock; almost half of Avoca; small parts of Bentonville, Pea Ridge, Rogers 14,033671.18259.1520.92954.2120.90854.150.0210.05439 36°22′49″N94°07′44″W / 36.380291°N 94.128869°W / 36.380291; -94.128869
Township 7 05-93638 01989191 most of Pea Ridge; part of Bella Vista; small part of Bentonville 20,317331.80128.1061.597159.561.233158.60.3640.9428 36°27′15″N94°09′13″W / 36.454130°N 94.153613°W / 36.454130; -94.153613
Township 8 05-93640 01989192 part of Bentonville 12,6371,575.69608.438.02820.798.02020.770.0080.02072 36°22′49″N94°12′02″W / 36.380199°N 94.200482°W / 36.380199; -94.200482
Township 9 05-93642 01989193 most of: Bentonville, Centerton; small part of Highfill 31,362638.18246.3649.497128.249.143127.30.3540.9169 36°21′16″N94°16′09″W / 36.354443°N 94.269172°W / 36.354443; -94.269172
Township 10 05-93644 01989195 most of: Bella Vista, Hiwasse 16,402385.73148.9743.848113.642.522110.11.3263.434 36°27′13″N94°18′29″W / 36.453560°N 94.307978°W / 36.453560; -94.307978
Township 11 05-93645 01989196 all of: Cherokee City, Decatur, Gravette, Maysville, Sulphur Springs; small parts of: Centerton, Highfill, Hiwasse 12,27359.1322.83207.804538.2207.558537.60.2460.6371 36°23′37″N94°28′06″W / 36.393573°N 94.468392°W / 36.393573; -94.468392
Township 12 05-93646 01989197 most of Gentry; more than half of Siloam Springs 15,158361.65139.5843.028111.441.913108.61.1152.888 36°14′21″N94°31′22″W / 36.239052°N 94.522847°W / 36.239052; -94.522847
Township 13 05-93647 01989198 all of Springtown; most of Highfill; small parts of: Elm Springs, Gentry, Springdale 13,23094.1336.35141.642366.9140.548364.01.0942.833 36°11′38″N94°24′35″W / 36.193862°N 94.409806°W / 36.193862; -94.409806
Source: "Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files: County Subdivisions in Arkansas". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.

Source: "Census 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division.

Education

School districts include: [28]

See also

Notes

  1. Benton County was one of few counties to have voted for Clinton during his gubernatorial campaigns despite him losing it during both his presidential runs. He won the county in all of his successful gubernatorial runs except for 1982 and 1984.
  1. Mileages from Benton County to Tulsa, Kansas City, and Little Rock are based on highway miles using county seat Bentonville for Benton County. [9]

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Springdale is the fourth-most populous city in Arkansas, United States. It is located in both Washington and Benton counties in Northwest Arkansas. Located on the Springfield Plateau deep in the Ozark Mountains, Springdale has long been an important industrial city for the region. In addition to several trucking companies, the city is home to the world headquarters of Tyson Foods, the world's largest meat producing company. Originally named Shiloh, the city changed its name to Springdale when applying for a post office in 1872. It is included in the four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is ranked 102nd in terms of population in the United States with 546,725 in 2020 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city had a population of 84,161 at the 2020 Census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johnson, Arkansas</span> City in Arkansas, United States

Johnson is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States. The community is located in the Ozark Mountains and is surrounded by valleys and natural springs. Early settlers took advantage of these natural features and formed an economy based on mining lime, the Johnson Mill and trout. Although a post office was opened in the community in 1887, Johnson did not incorporate until it required the development of a city government to provide utility services in 1961. Located between Fayetteville and Springdale in the heart of the rapidly growing Northwest Arkansas metropolitan statistical area, Johnson has been experiencing a population and building boom in recent years, as indicated by a 46% growth in population between the 2000 and 2010 censuses.

Township 4 is one of thirteen current townships in Benton County, Arkansas, USA. As of the 2010 census, its total population was 25,596.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northwest Arkansas</span> Metropolitan Statistical Area in Arkansas, United States

Northwest Arkansas (NWA) is a metropolitan area and region in Arkansas within the Ozark Mountains. It includes four of the ten largest cities in the state: Fayetteville, Springdale, Rogers, and Bentonville, the surrounding towns of Benton and Washington counties, and adjacent rural Madison County, Arkansas. The United States Census Bureau-defined Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Statistical Area includes 3,213.01 square miles (8,321.7 km2) and 590,337 residents, ranking NWA as the 98th most-populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. and the 13th fastest growing in the United States.

References

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  7. PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from Woods, A.J.; Foti, T.L.; Chapman, S.S.; Omernik, J.M.; et al. (2004). Ecoregions of Arkansas (PDF). United States Geological Survey. (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs).
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  17. Based on 2000 census data
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  23. "Jordan wins in Fayetteville, Benton County goes wet". Archived from the original on March 7, 2013. Retrieved March 16, 2013. Benton County voters overwhelmingly approved of countywide retail alcohol sales, in an effort to keep dollars from flowing north and south where off-premise alcohol is sold. This bold change will wipe away nearly 70 years of 'dry' history.
  24. Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
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36°21′08″N94°14′03″W / 36.35222°N 94.23417°W / 36.35222; -94.23417