This list of specimens is a comprehensive catalogue of all the type specimens and their scientific designations for each of the genera and species that are included in the clade sauropodomorpha.
An early reconstruction of the sauropod Amphicoelias by E.D. Cope
Sauropodomorpha is a clade of saurischiandinosaurs that includes the largest land animals to have ever existed on Earth, such as Argentinosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Patagotitan. The clade "sauropodomorpha" was created based on the earlier-named and slightly more exclusive clade, Sauropoda. This clade was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878 and it translates to "lizard feet", in reference to the fact that sauropods were unique among the dinosaurs known at the time for having five toes, instead of three (such as in theropods and ornithopods).[1] "Sauropodomorpha" then roughly translates to "in the likeness of the lizard feet". The first sauropodomorph to be described was Cardiodon, named by Sir Richard Owen, although he did not recognize at the time that it was a dinosaur.[2]
Sauropodomorphs were one of the first groups of dinosaurs to appear, originating in the late Triassic period.[3] While ancestrally bipedal, sauropodomorphs increased in mass throughout the Triassic and quadrupedal forms evolved.[4] In the Jurassic period, the first unequivocal sauropods appeared.[5] Thereafter, sauropods lived until the end of the Cretaceous period,[6] and were present on every continent, including Antarctica.[7] The largest sauropods have been estimated to weigh at least 70 metric tons,[8] larger than any other animals besides the largest cetaceans,[9] and possibly even larger.[10]
Scope and terminology
This list will include the typefossils of each sauropodomorph species. In paleontology, a type specimen is one which is definitionally a member of a biological taxon. Additional specimens can only be "referred" to these taxa if an expert deems them sufficiently similar to the type and publishes that opinion in the scientific literature.
There is no complete, canonical list of all dinosaur taxa or holotype specimens. The primary source for this list is a book called Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Sauropods and Other Sauropodomorphs by Rubén Molina-Pérez and Asier Larramendi which contains every sauropodomorph species described up to the date of its completion (January 1, 2019), including dubious or very fragmentary specimens.[11] This is supplemented by references to the Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs by Gregory Paul[12] and Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages by Thomas Holtz and Luis Rey.[13] Where appropriate, The Paleobiology Database and Fossilworks, which are both online databases of named fossil taxa,[14] are used to supplement the entries from published encyclopedias which are missing or data-deficient. Another useful resource is the Paleobiology Collections Database for the Smithsonian Institution, which has a large and publicly-accessible fossil collection.
This list will also be updated regularly as new scientific descriptions are published and new taxa are named. The most recently named sauropodomorph is Musankwa sanyatiensis, which was described in May 2024 by Paul Barrett, Kimberley Chapelle, Lara Sciscio, Timothy Broderick, Michel Zondo, Darlington Munyikwa, and Jonah Choiniere.[15]
Type system
Types are also used to diagnose higher-level taxa than an individual. One individual might represent the "type specimen" of a particular species. This species would in turn represent the "type species" of a particular genus, unless it is referred to a previously undescribed genus. Most dinosaur genera are monospecific, therefore most type specimens are also the type species of their respective genera. On this list, the type species of a genus is only noted when it belongs to a genus with multiple referred species, such as Camarasaurus or Plateosaurus. Furthermore, when an animal is different enough from its close relatives that it is given its own family, it is conventional in dinosaur systematics to name a family after the first described, most famous, or most abundant genus assigned to it. Therefore, on this list, the type species of any type genus for a family or sub-family level taxon is also noted when appropriate.
There are several different varieties of type specimen when referring to fossil animals:[16]
Holotype: This is the most common and simplest form of type specimen. A holotype is the first material of a fossil taxon that is described in the scientific literature. In order to qualify as a true holotype, all of the fossils of the type must belong to the same individual animal. All type specimens on this list are holotypes, unless otherwise indicated.
Paratype(s): These are described in the same publication as the holotype. A paratype is designated when the fossil material is diagnostic enough to belong to the same species as the holotype, but it is not from the same individual animal. In these cases, the holotype and paratype(s) are collectively called the "type series" for that taxon. On this list, paratypes are noted in the same entry as their associated holotype.
Neotype: When a holotype specimen is lost, destroyed, or otherwise unable to be studied further by scientists, a new type specimen for that taxon is required in order to identify future material. On this list, neotypes are only given their own entries when the holotype was never formally given a specimen number, otherwise they are noted in the entry for the holotype.
Syntype(s): This is a type series in which no single specimen is selected to serve as a holotype, nor are any designated as paratypes. This is typically done if the fossil material is believed to be from multiple animals, but none of the individual animals were well-preserved enough to provide a complete list of diagnostic characters. These are also sometimes called "cotypes" in publications, although this is discouraged by the ICZN.
Lectotype: When a single type specimen from a series of syntypes is designated as the new primary type specimen in a subsequent publication, this is considered to be a lectotype. On this list, lectotypes are given their own entries.
Paralectotype(s): When a lectotype is designated from a series of syntypes, the remaining syntypes become paralectotypes as part of a reorganized type series. On this list, paralectotypes are noted alongside the list entry for the lectotype of their respective series.
Plastotype: Sometimes, if a cast of a type specimen is made and the original type specimen is lost or destroyed, the cast can be used for the purposes of diagnostic referral to a taxon. Plastotypes are only given their own entries on this list if the holotype was not given a specimen number. Otherwise, they are noted alongside the entry for the holotype.
Topotype: When a specimen is discovered from the same locality as a holotype specimen it may be given a new specimen number. If the second specimen is later determined to belong to the same animal as the holotype after the holotype has been described, it becomes a topotype.
All name-bearing type specimens (i.e. holotypes, lectotypes, neotypes, and syntypes) have unique entries on this list, and non-name-bearing types (i.e. paratypes, paralectotypes, topotypes, and holotypes that have been subsumed by a neotype) are noted alongside their name-bearing counterpart.
Validity
Some described species are later determined to be invalid by subsequent scientific publications. However, invalid species are sometimes resurrected, such as in the case of Brontosaurus,[17] and sometimes the validity of a species can be controversial among researchers (e.g. the case of Torosaurus and Triceratops[18][19]). For the purposes of neutrality and completeness, all described species and genera of sauropodomorphs are included, even those that have been considered invalid by subsequent scientific publications.
Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more taxa are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same taxon, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. This can be an extremely controversial designation, and as such, they are only notated when their supposedly dubious status has been formally published. Furthermore, if the scientific community has yet to reach a consensus on the validity of a name or taxon, the ongoing nature of the controversy will be stated.
Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are not included on this list.
Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced.
Omissions
Some sauropodomorph taxa are not included on this list. Nomina nuda are excluded because a type does not become recognized by the ICZN until it is published in a scientific journal with a full description.
Some misidentified taxa are also not included so long as there is a scientific consensus with regard to the specimen in question. If a specimen is later referred to a taxon outside sauropodomorpha, it is not included on this list. However, specimens that are identified as sauropodomorphs in publications subsequent to their initial description are included under the name they are given within sauropodomorpha.
Referred taxa are only included on the list as separate entries when their initial description includes a unique type specimen.
List of specimens
Binomial name: All animals species are given a unique binomial name, typically consisting of Latin or Greek words which are used to formally and scientifically identify each species.
Catalogue number: In most museum collections, each fossil specimen will be given a unique catalogue number which is published with the description of the fossils after they are prepared. This serves as a formal name for every single described fossil so that authors are able to refer to individual fossil discoveries in the scientific literature by name.
Institution: Most published fossils are stored in museum collections or at universities. This is also true of type specimens, many of which are on display in museums around the world. If a type specimen has been lost, the last known location of the type is listed.
Age: The geological stage from which the specimen was recovered is listed, when it is known. The exact age of some geological formations is not known. If this is the case, a range of possible ages is given.
Unit: Most fossils are recovered from named geologic formations (e.g. the Morrison Formation or the Hell Creek Formation). When this is not the case, a city or landmark near the locality from which the fossil was recovered is listed.
Material: The vast majority of fossils do not preserve the complete skeleton of an animal. In these cases, the specific bones which are fossilized have been listed.
Notes: Other general information, such as the validity status of the taxon in question, or any other material in the type series may be listed here.
Described as a giant herrerasaurid,[52] but is now believed to be a junior synonym of Eucnemesaurus[41] and the original description, which included a maxilla, was a chimera
Mostly complete hind limb with a partial hip and fragmentary vertebrae[61]
Originally had 3 syntypes (including MACM PV N34 and MACN PV N51), but these were later discovered to be from a different locality, so they were discarded as type specimens[61]
Neotype: vertebrae, a partial shoulder and hips, a fore arm, and a hind limb[64]
Type species of Anchisaurus as well as of the clade "Anchisauria"; originally named Megadactylus before being referred to Amphisaurus and finally to Anchisaurus after both former genera were discovered to be preoccupied;[71]A. colurus is an objective junior synonym[72]
Numerous vertebrae and ribs, a partial shoulder, and a tooth[106]
Originally referred to Pleurocoelus before being given its own genus;[106] specimens were given unique numbers, but they collectively comprise a single holotype[106]
Type species of Barosaurus,[131] only six caudal vertebrae belonged to the original holotype,[132] but more remains were excavated and assigned to the same specimen[133]
An illustration of some of the vertebrae from the original holotype by O.C. Marsh
Several vertebrae, the hips, a femur, a humerus, and a rib[147]
Type species of Brachiosaurus and of the family "Brachiosauridae";[147] has at least once been referred to. thegenus Astrodon, although this is not widely accepted[106]
A diagram of all known specimens, with the holotype in white
Originally misclassified as a theropod before being recognized as a sauropod[160] but was later thought to be a misidentified tree trunk;[163] it has been re-identified as a sauropod in recent publications due to the emergence of new photos of the holotype before it was destroyed[164][10]
Possibly a nomen dubium; originally referred to Cetiosaurus[186] before being given its own genus;[187] formerly the type species of Cetiosauriscus before the ICZN changed this designation due to the incompleteness of the fossil compared to C. stewarti[188]
Type series originally contained more specimens, but these were later shown to belong to Iguanodon and were discarded; C. conybeari is an objective junior synonym of C. brevis, which may itself be a junior synonym of Pelorosaurus[189]
A series of vertebrae, shoulder bones, several bones of the fore limb, and mostly complete hips and hind limbs[199]
Additional material was originally included in the holotype, but these were later determined to belong to a second individual and were separated from the type specimen[199]
More material was found associated with the holotype, but these were not included within the type specimen;[220] originally assigned to the genus Lourinhasaurus before being given its own genus;[220] subjective junior synonym of Supersaurus[17]
A digital illustration of several of the holotype vertebrae
32 vertebrae, a partial hip, and several ribs[226]
Originally named Seismosaurus halli,[226] but the species name was changed to "hallorum" to be more grammatically correct;[17] was once considered a junior synonym of Supersaurus,[227] but was later referred to the genus Diplodocus[228]
Two complete vertebrae with other fragmentary elements[17]
Type species of Diplodocus as well as of the superfamily "Diplodocoidea", the family "Diplodocidae", and the subfamily "Diplodocinae"; D. longus is considered by some to be dubious,[17] although some regard it as valid;[229][230] additional material was once considered part of the holotype, but it is uncertain if these bones are from the same individual[17]
Fragmentary vertebra, leg bones, and a partial hip[37]
Type species of Euskelosaurus; may be a nomen dubium or a junior synonym of Plateosauravus;[269] has also been spelled "Euskelesaurus" by some authors[37]
Scattered postcranial elements including partial vertebrae, pedal elements, and long bone fragments[299]
Type species of Gresslyosaurus, may belong to the genus Plateosaurus,[300] originally named "Dinosaurus gresslyi" but this name was never accompanied by a formal description, so it remains a nomen nudum[299]
Partial leg and foot bones with fragments of vertebrae[303]
May be a nomen dubium[303] or belong to the genus Plateosaurus,[300] several hip bones were described with the rest of the holotype which have been lost[303]
Jaw fragments and a mostly complete post-cranial skeleton[312]
Originally named "Gripposaurus" in a publication, but this is a nomen nudum;[313] subjective junior synonym of Lufengosaurus,[314][311] but some researchers believe this taxon represents a distinct genus[312]
Originally referred to the genus Thecodontosaurus before being given its own genus,[327] may be a nomen dubium,[328][329] many more bones were found associated with the holotype, but they were destroyed during excavation by a gunpowder explosion in an attempt to free the specimen from the rock[327]
An illustration of the holotype elements with each bone labeled
Extremely fragmentary skull with numerous teeth, most of the dorsal vertebrae, most of the left arm and shoulder, complete hips, both femora, and the lower right leg[341]
Holotype is known to be a juvenile and has been suggested to be a junior synonym of Massospondylus[93]
Type species of Iuticosaurus, riginally referred to Ornithopsis and then to Titanosaurus before being given its own genus, the presumed paralectotype was given its own species, I. lydekkeri[350]
Holotype: an ilium, femur, and other partial leg elements
Paratype: several vertebrae, hip elements, and bones from the lower fore limbs and hind limbs[355]
The holotype and paratype were both found in association, but only the articulated elements were designated as the holotype because the paratypes are from multiple individuals[355]
Was originally named Gigantosaurus robustus,[357] but the name was preoccupied so it was later referred to Tornieria[358] and then to Barosaurus[359] before being given its own genus[356]
Paratypes: partial skull, numerous vertebrae, a partial shoulder, a humerus, ulna, several hand bones, a partial hip, most of the right hind limb, and the left metatarsals[261]
No holotype was originally designated when it was described;[375] has also been referred to the genus Titanosaurus,[376] but this is not universally accepted[375][346]
Type species for the family "Lessemsauridae"; additional remains were discovered associated with the holotype, but these are not confidently known to be from the same individual[343]
Originally named as a species of Acanthopholis before the metatarsals of the type series were referred to the genus Macrurosaurus;[403] may be a nomen dubium[405]
Metatarsals of the holotype shown from multiple views
The holotype is significantly larger than any other known fossils of Magyarosaurus, and some have suggested it belongs to its own genus,[409] others believe it may be a junior synonym of M. dacus[408]
Was variously assigned to the genera Caulodon, Cardiodon, and Pelorosaurus before being reassigned to its own genus; holotype was never formally given a species epithet, some sources list it as N. praecursor[11] because the tooth was previously assigned the name Iguanodon praecursor; now considered a nomen dubium[447]
The holotype tooth on display alongside another tooth referred to Neosodon
Both forelimbs, both shoulders, and several neck and back vertebrae[303]
Type species of Pachysaurus, the genera "Pachysauriscus" and "Pachysaurops" are objective junior synonyms, has been considered invalid in the past[303]
A humerus; other material was referred to this specimen, but this was probably from another individual[498]
Originally referred to Cetiosaurus before being given its own genus, part of the original type material is an objective junior synonym of Cetiosaurus brevis[498]
Paralectotypes: fragments of the vertebrae, ribs, hips, and leg bones Unofficial holotype: a nearly complete skeleton[506]
Original type species of Plateosaurus, much of the holotype has been lost;[244] generally considered undiagnostic,[507] but this is not universally accepted[244]
Newly designated type species of Plateosaurus as well as of the family "Plateosauridae" and the clade "Plateosauria";[507]P. integer and P. fraasianus are objective junior synonyms[506]
Generally considered a nomen dubium due to the type material being undiagnostic; may be a junior synonym of Astrodon and is sometimes referred to as a species of that genus[106]
Five partial vertebrae, one rib, a shoulder fragment, and two chevrons[515] (three additional vertebrae were reported but not described)[517]
Considered a nomen dubium by most subsequent authors, some of the type material in the original description was not able to be located when later researchers reviewed the material[517]
Several dorsal vertebrae, partial shoulder, hip, and humerus, with several ribs and caudal fragments[531]
Type species of Rebbachisaurus and of the family "Rebbachisauridae" and the subfamily "Rebbachisaurinae";[531] holotype is represented by numerous specimens, all of which likely belonged to a single animal[531]
A dorsal vertebrae (left) and shoulder (right) elements
4 teeth, 100 vertebrae, 12 ribs, 5 scapulae, 1 illium, 2 ischia, and over 100 limb elements[532]
Type specimens were never given a formal description and are known to be from numerous individuals at different localities,[532] considered a junior synonym of R. garasbae by some[534]
Multiple other specimens are categorized under PVL 4017, but these are probably not from the same individual as the holtoype; type species of the superfamily "Saltasauroidea", the family "Saltasauridae", the subfamily "Saltasaurinae", and the tribe "Saltasaurini"
Numerous vertebrae, left radius, ulna and a single carpal, a partially degraded hip, left femur, tibia, fibula, astragalus and complete metatarsals[557]
A partial skull, most of the anterior of the skeleton, scattered vertebrae and ribs, and a lower hind limb[575]
Exact type locality is unknown because the authors did not want to publish it in an effort to preserve the locality from discovery and exploitation by private fossil collectors[575]
Partial vertebra, rib fragment, partial hip, fibula, and a femur[597]
Originally named Gigantosaurus,[598] but the genus was preoccupied, subsequently referred to Ornithopsis and Barosaurus before being given its own genus[597]
An illustration of one of the type caudal vertebrae
Originally specimen MCT 1719-R was considered the paratype,[168] but it has since been given its own genus, Caieiria,[167] may be a junior synonym of Baurutitan[167]
All three specimens are from the same individual, so they are collectively a single holotype; previously more material was referred to the holotype, but it has since been excluded[604]
A partial skull, most of the dorsal vertebrae, most of the tail, most of the dorsal ribs and gastralia, nearly complete fore limbs, and several bones of the lower hind limbs[613]
A skeletal diagram of Unaysaurus, with known material in white
Eoraptor is a genus of small, lightly built, basal sauropodomorph dinosaur. One of the earliest-known dinosaurs and one of the earliest sauropodomorphs, it lived approximately 231 to 228 million years ago, during the Late Triassic in Western Gondwana, in the region that is now northwestern Argentina. The type and only species, Eoraptor lunensis, was first described in 1993, and is known from an almost complete and well-preserved skeleton and several fragmentary ones. Eoraptor had multiple tooth shapes, which suggests that it was omnivorous.
Sauropoda, whose members are known as sauropods, is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs. Sauropods had very long necks, long tails, small heads, and four thick, pillar-like legs. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes the largest animals to have ever lived on land. Well-known genera include Apatosaurus, Argentinosaurus, Alamosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, Diplodocus, and Mamenchisaurus.
Sauropodomorpha is an extinct clade of long-necked, herbivorous, saurischian dinosaurs that includes the sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Sauropods generally grew to very large sizes, had long necks and tails, were quadrupedal, and became the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. The prosauropods, which preceded the sauropods, were smaller and were often able to walk on two legs. The sauropodomorphs were the dominant terrestrial herbivores throughout much of the Mesozoic Era, from their origins in the Late Triassic until their decline and extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.
Titanosaurs were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as Patagotitan—estimated at 37 m (121 ft) long with a weight of 69 tonnes —and the comparably-sized Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus from the same region.
Nemegtosauridae is a family of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs based on their diplodocid-like skulls. Only three species are known: Nemegtosaurus, Quaesitosaurus and possibly Tapuiasaurus, each from the Cretaceous.
Melanorosaurus is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur that lived during the Late Triassic period. A omnivore from South Africa, it had a large body and sturdy limbs, suggesting it moved about on all fours. Its limb bones were massive and heavy like the limb bones of true sauropods.
Massospondylus was a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. It was described by Sir Richard Owen in 1854 from remains discovered in South Africa, and is thus one of the first dinosaurs to have been named. Fossils have since been found at other locations in South Africa, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe. Material from Arizona's Kayenta Formation, India, and Argentina has been assigned to the genus at various times, but the Arizonan and Argentinian material are now assigned to other genera.
Lessemsaurus is an extinct genus of sauropodiform dinosaur belonging to Lessemsauridae.
Coloradisaurus is a genus of massospondylid sauropodomorph dinosaur. It lived during the Late Triassic period in what is now La Rioja Province, Argentina. It is known from two specimens collected from the Los Colorados Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin.
Gobititan is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur from the Aptian faunal stage of the Early Cretaceous. The name of this genus is derived from the Gobi desert region and the Titans of Greek mythology, which is a reference to its large body size. The specific name shenzhouensis, is derived from "Shenzhou", an ancient name for China.
Neosauropoda is a clade within Dinosauria, coined in 1986 by Argentine paleontologist José Bonaparte and currently described as Saltasaurus loricatus, Diplodocus longus, and all animals directly descended from their most recent common ancestor. The group is composed of two subgroups: Diplodocoidea and Macronaria. Arising in the early Jurassic and persisting until the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, Neosauropoda contains the majority of sauropod genera, including genera such as Apatosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Diplodocus. It also includes giants such as Argentinosaurus, Patagotitan and Sauroposeidon, and its members remain the largest land animals ever to have lived.
Massospondylidae is a family of early massopod dinosaurs that existed in Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Antarctica during the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic periods. Several dinosaurs have been classified as massospondylids over the years. The largest cladistic analysis of early sauropodomorphs, which was presented by Apaldetti and colleagues in November 2011, found Adeopapposaurus, Coloradisaurus, Glacialisaurus, Massospondylus, Leyesaurus and Lufengosaurus to be massospondylids. This result supports many previous analyses that tested fewer taxa. However, this analysis found the two recently described North American massopods, Sarahsaurus and Seitaad, and the South African Ignavusaurus to nest outside Massospondylidae, as opposed to some provisional proposals. Earlier in 2011, Pradhania, a sauropodomorph from India, was tested for the first time in a large cladistic analysis and was found to be a relatively basal massospondylid. Mussaurus and Xixiposaurus may also be included within Massospondylidae.
Anchisauria is an extinct clade of sauropodomorph dinosaurs that lived from the Late Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. The name Anchisauria was first used Haekel and defined by Galton and Upchurch in the second edition of The Dinosauria. It is a node-based taxon containing the most recent common ancestor of Anchisaurus polyzelus and Melanorosaurus readi, and all its descendants. Galton and Upchurch assigned a family of dinosaurs to the Anchisauria: the Melanorosauridae. The more common prosauropods Plateosaurus and Massospondylus were placed in the sister clade Plateosauria.
Pitekunsaurus is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Anacleto Formation of Neuquén, Argentina. It was described by L. Filippi and A. Garrido in 2008. The type species is P. macayai. The generic name is derived from Mapudungun pitekun, meaning "to discover", the epitheton honours the discoverer, oil company explorer Luis Macaya, who found the fossil in April 2004.
Adeopapposaurus is a genus of plateosaurian dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Cañón del Colorado Formation of San Juan, Argentina. It was similar to Massospondylus. Four partial skeletons with two partial skulls are known.
Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011) in their cladistic analysis found Aeolosaurus, Gondwanatitan, Maxakalisaurus, Panamericansaurus and Rinconsaurus to be aeolosaurids.
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that are scheduled described during the year 2022, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that are scheduled to occur in the year 2022.
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↑ Carrano, Matthew (2002). "†Rebbachisaurus tamesnensis Lapparent 1957 (sauropod)". Fossilworks. Retrieved 2023-07-14. Type specimen: Its type locality is In Abangarit-Tamesna, which is in an Albian/Cenomanian deltaic sandstone/claystone in the Echkar Formation of Niger
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1 2 Holland, W. J. (1924). "Description of the Type of Uintasaurus douglassi HOLLAND". Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 15 (2–3): 119–138.
↑ Behrensmeyer, Anna (1996). "Dinosaur National Monument Quarry (CM) (Jurassic of the United States)". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2023-06-12. Where: Uintah County, Utah (40.4° N, 109.3° W: paleocoordinates 37.0° N, 56.2° W); When: Brushy Basin Member (Morrison Formation), Early/Lower Tithonian (150.8 - 145.0 Ma)
↑ Carrano, Matthew (2004). "Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU] (Jurassic to of the United States)". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2023-06-12. Where: Montrose County, Colorado (38.6° N, 108.4° W: paleocoordinates 34.7° N, 55.4° W); When: Brushy Basin Member (Morrison Formation), Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to Late/Upper Kimmeridgian (155.7 - 145.0 Ma)
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↑ "Gugyedong Formation". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2023-06-12. Age range: base of the Aptian to the top of the Early/Lower Albian or 125.00000 to 109.00000 Ma
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