List of transport megaprojects

Last updated

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of megaprojects within the transport sector. Take care in comparing the cost of projects from different times—even a few years apart—due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current as of 2023.

Contents

According to the Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people". [1]

Completed projects

ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationEst. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflationStart of constructionYear of completionImageNotes
Tokaido Shinkansen High-speed rail Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Taiheiyō Belt 1.06 [2] 7.9619591964
Map of Tokaido Shinkansen Tokaido Shinkansen map.png
Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen
Original segment of the first shinkansen line
Çanakkale 1915 Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Çanakkale 4 [3] 4.4420172022
1915 Canakkale Bridge 20220327.jpg
Spans two continents. Longest suspension bridge span in the world. [4]
Sha Tin to Central Link Rapid transit Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong, From Tai Wai, New Territories to Admiralty, Hong Kong Island 11.6 [5] 1320122022
Shatin to Central Link proposal final.svg
HK$ 90.7 billion [5]
La Línea Tunnel Tunnel (road)Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia Cordillera Central 0.27 [6] 0.3120092020
Cross-section of the tunnel TuneLL.svg
Cross-section of the tunnel
Thameslink Programme Commuter rail upgradeFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Southeast England8.97 [7] 10.420092020
Blackfriars Underground station work site Blackfriars tube station building site.jpg
Blackfriars Underground station work site
(GBP7bn) [7]
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel Tunnel (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States Seattle 3.3 [8] 3.920132019
SR 99 Tunnel opening celebration - vents and digital sign.jpg
Santiago Metro Line 3, Phase One and 2023 extension. Rapid transit Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Santiago 2.17 [9] [10] 2.4120122023
Metro de Santiago - Santiago Bueras 5.JPG
Combined cost of initial line and extension. [9] [10]
Santiago Metro Line 6 Rapid transit Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Santiago 1.26 [11] 1.5420142017
Map of Line 6 Linea 6 Metro de Santiago mapa.png
Map of Line 6
Crimean Bridge Bridge (rail/road)Flag of Russia.svg  Russia (one end is recognized internationally as being owned by Ukraine, but is de facto controlled by Russia)3.7 [12] 4.420152019 Otkrytie Krymskogo mosta (ZhD, 6).jpg
Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge Bridge–tunnel Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong, Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Zhuhai, and Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 19.2 [13] 2320092018 West section of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (20180902174105).jpg ¥127 billion
New Tappan Zee Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States South Nyack to Tarrytown, New York 3.98 [14] 4.7620132018 New Tappan Zee bridge 2016 Aug c jeh.jpg
Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway Railway Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Flag of Israel.svg Jerusalem, Israel 1.9-2.5 [15] 2.3-320012004 (first section)

2007 (second section)

2018 (final section)

 TelAvivJerusalemNewRailroadBridgeNo10ArazimSept202022 03.jpg NIS7-9 billion [15]
Abuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion) [16] Light Rail Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Abuja 2.7 [16] [17] 3.220072018 Abuja Rail Mass Transit.svg
Noord/Zuidlijn Rapid transit lineFlag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Amsterdam 4.32 [18] 5.9620022018 2011-05-12 Startschacht Damrak.jpg (€3.1bn)
Klang Valley MRT Line 1 Rapid transit Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 11.7 [19] 15.420122017 MRT SBK Semantan station2.jpg (MYR36B)
Ionia Odos Highway Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Western Greece 1.8 [20] 2.320072017 GR-A5 (northern section) course.png (€1.4bn)
Otoyol 5 Highway Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Istanbul to İzmir 7 [21] 8.220132019
Osman-Gazi-Bridge-620x410.jpg
Including Osman Gazi Bridge which has the 8th longest suspension bridge span in the world. [22]
German Unification Transport Projects (Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit)Transport project to achieve the German UnityFlag of Germany.svg  Germany Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 42 [23] 51.419912016 – continues expansion until 2020 Karte Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit.svg
AVE - Spain's high-speed railway network High-speed rail Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 44 [24] 55.819922016 - continues expansion Trenes.jpg 40 [24] billion euros
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge Bridge (rail/road)Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Istanbul 2 [25] 2.620132016 Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (Turkey) under construction on 6 October 2015.JPG World's fifth-tallest bridge of any type. [26]
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States Seattle and Medina, Washington 4.56 [27] 5.6820122016 Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (2016) from east end after opening, April 2016.jpg
Eurasia Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, road)Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Istanbul 1.3 [28] 1.620112016
Avrasya Tuneli IMG 4199k.jpg
Spans two continents.
Gotthard Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Swiss Alps 9.7 [29] 12.119992016 NEAT GBT engl crop.png (CHF 9.56 billion) [29]
World Trade Center Transportation Hub Transit center and retailFlag of the United States.svg  United States New York City 3.9 [30] 4.920062016 WTC Hub September 2016 vc.png
Blanka tunnel complex Tunnel (road)Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechia Prague 1.75 [31] 2.220062015 DOD Bubenecsky tunel 2014, smer Dejvicky tunel.jpg 43bn Kč [31]
Adler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railway Highway and railway Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 9.4 [32] 11.9
2010
2014 BridgeAdlerKrasnayaPolyana.jpg
Budapest Metro Line 4 Rapid transit lineFlag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Budapest 1.95 [33] [34] 2.5220042014 Budapest metro 4 construction 03.jpg (HUF 452.5 bn)
Marina Coastal Expressway Highway Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 3.4 [35] [36] 4.420082013 [37] (S$4.3 bn)
Marmaray Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Istanbul 4.5 [38] 520042008(Phase I)
2013(Phase II)		 Marmaray Istanbul Project.png Deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world.
Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States San Francisco Bay Area 6.5 [39] 8.420022013 ProposedSFOBBEasternSpanRecrop.jpg
Russky Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Vladivostok (Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula) and Russky Island 1.1 [40] 1.420082012 Russki Island Bridge, Russia1.jpg
Freeway Durango-Mazatlán and Baluarte Bridge Highway and road bridge Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Durango – Sinaloa 1.46 [41] [42] 1.920082012 Puente Baluarte 03.jpg
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Shandong 1.5 [43] 220072011 The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.jpg
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway High-speed rail Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Eastern China (Beijing to Shanghai, via Tianjin and Nanjing)33.1 [44] 44.220082011 Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Beijing-Shanghai Railway.jpg (RMB 220.9bn)
Clem Jones Tunnel Tunnel (road)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Brisbane 3.3 [45] 4.420062010 Clem7 tunnel entrance Shafston Ave Kangaroo Point P1260904.jpg
CBD and South East Light Rail Light rail Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Sydney 2.2 [46] 2.620152019 SLR 058, 012, Haymarket, 2022 (01).jpg
Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway High-speed rail Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 17.1 [47] 23.620052009 GuangZhouNanStation.jpg (RMB 116.6bn)
Egnatia Odos Highway Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Northern Greece 8.4 [48] 11.619942009 GR-A2 course.png (€5.9bn)
Incheon Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Incheon 2.12 [49] 2.920052009 Incheon bridge (12).jpg (₩ 2.45 trillion; source listed that as being equivalent to US$2.12 billion)
Sound Transit '1 line'

(initial segment)

 Light rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Seattle metropolitan area 2.9 [50] 420032009 2-car Central Link train in Tukwila.jpg
Bologna–Florence high-speed railway High-speed rail Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 7.8 [51] 10.619962009
Ferrovia AV Firenze-Bologna.jpg
(€5.89 billion) [51]
Milan–Bologna high-speed railway High-speed rail Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 9.2 [51] 12.619932008 Frecciarossa.JPG (€6.92 billion) [51]
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway High-speed rail Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing and Tianjin [52] 2.34 [53] 3.320052008 Beijng-Tianjin ligne TGV viaduc IMG 4433.JPG
High Speed 1 High-speed rail Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom South East England 13.7 [54] 19.419982007
Map overview of the rail's route High Speed 1 CTRL.png
Map overview of the rail's route
(£6.84 billion) [54]
Lötschberg Base Tunnel

(initial bore)

 Tunnel (rail)Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Swiss Alps 3.6 [55] 5.119992007 NEAT LBT engl.png (CHF 4.3 billion) [55]
Copenhagen Metro phase 1-3 Rapid transit Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Copenhagen 1.47 [56] 2.119962007 DR Byen.jpg 11,400,000,000 DKK
"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project Tunnel (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States Boston 22 [57] 30.619912007 Tunnel-large.jpg 14.6 billion USD; additional $7 billion in interest
Colorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) Highway & Light rail upgradeFlag of the United States.svg  United States Denver 1.7 [58] 2.520012006 Pd Denver trexmap.gif
Shanghai Maglev Train High-speed rail, Maglev Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Shanghai 1.4 [59] 2.220012004 Maglev june2005.jpg
Red Line and Purple Line Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States Los Angeles 4.5 [60] 7.619862000 Breda A650.jpg represents expenditure prior to the D Line Extension
Toei Ōedo Line Rapid transit Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Tokyo 8.68 [61] 14.919882000 Toei-tsukishima-platform.jpg (¥988.6 billion in 1999 yen values)
Jubilee Line Extension Rapid transit lineFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom London 6.83 [62] 9.3219931999 Westminster.tube.station.jubilee.arp.jpg 3.5 billion GBP

6.83 billion USD is for 2010 prices [62]

Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project Bridges

17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku

Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 48 [63] 82.619781999 Map of Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project.svg 4 trillion Yen
Øresund Bridge Bridge–tunnel (rail/road)Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark, Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark - Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 5.7 [64] 9.819951999 Oresund Bridge narrow.JPG (DKK30.1bn)
Great Belt Fixed Link Bridge–tunnel (rail/road)Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 3.27.119881998 StoreBaelt sunset 01.jpg (DKK21.4bn) [65]
Vasco da Gama Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Lisbon 1.3 [66] 2.419951998 Vasco da Gama Bridge aerial view.jpg (€897m / 180bn PTE)
Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Kobe 5 [67] 8.719881998 Akashi Bridge.JPG
Channel Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail) Strait of Dover, English Channel between the Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom and Flag of France.svg  France 15.4 [68] 28.719881994 Course Channeltunnel en.svg (GBP9.5bn)
Interstate Highway System Highway Network Flag of the United States.svg  United States Flag of the United States.svg  United States 114 [69] 60819561992 [70] [71] Map of current Interstates.svg 425 billion in 2006 dollars [72] 548 billion in 2021 dollars [73]
Baikal–Amur Mainline Railway Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union (modern-day Flag of Russia.svg  Russia) Sovetskaya Gavan to Tayshet (modern-day Russia)15 [74] 37.219741984 Ayam-route-map.png
Bay Area Rapid Transit Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States San Francisco Bay Area 1.586 [75] 6.619641976 - continues expansion Antioch-bound train approaching MacArthur station, June 2018.JPG $11.6 billion adjusted for inflation
St. Lawrence Seaway Canal systemFlag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States, Canadian Red Ensign (1957-1965).svg  Canada St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes between the Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States and Canadian Red Ensign (1957-1965).svg  Canada 0.470 [76] 3.819541959 Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway map 1959.png
Caracas-La Guaira highway Highway Flag of Venezuela (1930-1954).svg  Venezuela Greater Caracas 0.06 [77] [78] 0.519501953 Tunelifico... (3097155570).jpg
Trans-Siberian Railway Railway Flag of Russia.svg  Russian Empire (modern-day Flag of Russia.svg  Russia) Moscow to Russian Far East (Vladivostok) (modern-day Russia)0.770 [79] 14.918911916 Transsibirische Eisenbahn.png
Panama Canal Canal Flag of Panama.svg  Panama Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 0.375 [80] 8.418811914 Panama Canal Map EN.png
First transcontinental railroad Railway Flag of the United States (1867-1877).svg  United States Omaha, Nebraska, to Sacramento, California 0.1 [81] 218631869 Golden Spike ceremony, Promontory, Utah, May 10, 1869.jpg $2.03 billion adjusted for inflation
Suez Canal Canal Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg  Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt) Sinai Peninsula, Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Egypt)0.082 [82] 1.718591869 USS America (CV-66) in the Suez canal 1981.jpg
Suez Canal expansion Canal expansionFlag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Sinai Peninsula 8 [83] 10.120142015
New Suez Canal.jpeg
Silver Line Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States Northern Virginia 6 [84] 6.720092014 (Phase 1)

2022 (Phase 2)

WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line.jpg
WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line
While the Silver Line runs through Maryland and through Washington, D.C., the actual new sections of railway were all located in Northern Virginia.
Mid-Coast Extension of the Blue Line (San Diego Trolley) Light rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States San Diego 2.17 [85] [86] 2.4120162021
San Diego Trolley 03.jpg
Green Line Extension Light rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Greater Boston 2.28 [87] 2.520122022
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020 Aerial view of Lechmere station construction, May 2020.png
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020
Highway Vespucio Oriente Tunnel (road)Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Santiago 1.11.220172022
Autopista Vespucio Oriente (plano).jpg
East Side Access project (including Grand Central Madison station) Transit center, commuter rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States New York City 11.1 [88] 12.320072023
GCM east cavern construction.jpg
The East Side Access project, including Grand Central Madison station, allows Long Island Rail Road service to Grand Central Terminal.
Taichung Metro Rapid transit Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan Taichung 2.08 [89] 2.4120092021
Tai Zhong Jie Yun Bei Tun Ji Chang Che Peng .jpg
Almaty Metro Rapid transit Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan Almaty 1 [90] 1.31988 (was temporarily suspended as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union)2011
Poezd Almatinskogo metro.jpg
Dubai Metro Rapid transit Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Dubai 7.62 [91] 10.522009
5018 Dubai Metro in Dubai UAE.png
Canada Line Rapid transit Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Greater Vancouver 1.79 [92] 2.4720052009
Canada Line (sky blue) as part of the Metro Vancouver transit system in 2016 Vancouver Transit Network Map (svg).svg
Canada Line (sky blue) as part of the Metro Vancouver transit system in 2016
$2.05 billion CAD – set as the value for 2009, though estimate was originally made in 2006
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 1 Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States New York City 4.4 [93] 5.520072017
96th Street Station (31000690483).jpg
Inflation is based on 2016, as the line opened on January 1 of 2017; construction was thus technically completed before then.
Silicon Valley BART extension, Phase I Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.3 [94] 2.720122020
Warm Springs from Auto Mall 0915.JPG
Algiers Metro (original section of Line 1) Rapid transit Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria Algiers 1.2 [95] 1.61982 (was suspended for a time)2011
Tafourah 3.JPG
Changsha Metro, Line 2 Rapid transit Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Changsha 1.8 [96] 2.220092014
Yingwanzhen Station of L2.jpeg
Doha Metro Rapid transit Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Doha 36 [97] [98] 42.320132019
The metro station at the Qatar National Convention Centre.jpg
Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Railway Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Mombasa

Nairobi Naivasha

5.3 [99] 6.220132019
Nairobi Terminus.jpg
Original phase: $3.8bn and extension: 1.5bn [99]
Edinburgh Trams Light rail Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Edinburgh 1.72 [100] 2.1820082014
Edinburgh tram 03 first day of operation.JPG
(£1.043bn) [100]
Padma Bridge Bridge (rail/road)Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Padma River 3.6 [101] 420142022
Padma Bridge, November2021(2).jpg
Woodrow Wilson Bridge Bridge (Bascule) Flag of the United States.svg  United States Washington metropolitan area 2.357 [102] 3.0420002013
Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Potomac.jpg
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (original/upper deck) Bridge (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States New York City 0.320 [103] 2.419591964
Verrazzano Bridge (4373761633).jpg
AirTrain JFK People mover Flag of the United States.svg  United States New York City 1.9 [104] 319982003
JFK AirTrain 03.JPG
While it does serve passengers within JFK, it was primarily built for transport between the airport and the city.
Taiwan High Speed Rail High-speed rail Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 14.63 [105] 20.7220002007
THSR 700T TR17 20130907.jpg
480.6 billion converted to USD in 2007 dollars is $14.63 billion. [106]
Goethals Bridge (replacement) Bridge (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States New York City and New Jersey 1.25 [107] 1.4920142017 (New eastbound span)

2018 (New westbound span)

New Goethals Bridge from airplane.jpg
Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge Bridge (rail)Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Shanghai and Nanjing 8.5 [108] 11.3620062011 (construction ended in 2010; opened in 2011)
201603 Danyang-Kunshan grand bridge (wuxi).JPG
Bolshaya Koltsevaya line Rapid transit Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Moscow 8.59 [109] 10.520112023
Line 11 (Moscow).svg
Seikan Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Tsugaru Strait 8.58 [110] 19.119711988
Seikantunnel - Tsugaru street detail.PNG
Rennes Metro Line B Rapid transit Flag of France.svg  France Rennes 1.405 [111] 1.5620142022
Line B in green Metro de Rennes 2019.svg
Line B in green
€1.342 billion converted to USD based on average rate for 2022
Paris Métro Line 14 (original segment) Rapid transit Flag of France.svg  France Paris 1.2682 [112] 1.96119932007
Paris Metro St Lazare.jpg
Inflation clock starting in 2004
Crossrail 1 Commuter rail, Rapid transit Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Greater London 23.0 [113] 25.520072023 [114]
Crossrail platform at Farringdon.jpg
A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, serving London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Essex.

Core section opened May 24, 2022, full integration of routes and completion expected by May 2023. [114]

Regional Connector Light rail tunnelFlag of the United States.svg  United States Downtown Los Angeles 1.8 [115] 1.920142023 2019 Regional Connector-01.svg
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States New York City 0.06 [116] 1.441900Complete line: 1908
50th Street IRT Broadway 7th Avenue Line 0919.JPG
Lekki Port Seaport Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Lekki 1.5 [117] 1.620152023
Ohio River Bridges Project Bridges and interchange reconfigurationFlag of the United States.svg  United States Louisville metropolitan area 2.3 [118] 2.7820142017
2020 4BandImagery Indiana J874808.jpg
A new motorway project near Louisville, Kentucky. Major works included two new bridges across the Ohio River; a short tunnel section; and reconstruction of interchange ramps.
Lagos Rail Mass Transit Rapid transit, Commuter rail Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Lagos 3.6 [119] [120] 3.720092023 (Blue Line)
2024 (Red Line)
Marina-front-apapa.jpg
Upgrades to Metro-North Railroad's Harmon Shop at Croton-on-Hudson Improvements to a maintenance and operations hubFlag of the United States.svg  United States Croton-on-Hudson, New York 1.1 [121] 1.12001 [122] 2024 [122]
Milan Metro Line 4 Rapid transit Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Milan 2.24 [123] 2.62014 [124] 2022 (Phase One)
2023 (Phase Two)
2024 (Phase Three)
Map of the M4 line Milano mappa M4.svg
Map of the M4 line
Roughly €1.9 billion as of April 2020.
Caltrain Modernization Program (CalMod) Commuter rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.44 [125] 2.4420172024
Caltrain electric infrastructure in Palo Alto.jpg
Parramatta Light Rail, Stage 1 Light rail Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Parramatta, New South Wales 1.94 [126] 1.942018 [127] 2024 [126]
Westmead Light Rail Stop 2024.jpg
WestConnex Tunnel (road)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Sydney 11.3 [128] 11.32015 [128] 2024 [129]
StPetersInterchangeUC.jpg

Partially completed and open

ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationEst. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflationStart of constructionYear of completionImageNotes
Confederation Line Rapid transit Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Ottawa 5.1 [130] 62013 [131] Completed
2019 (stage 1)
Expected
2026 (stage 2)
Confederation Line train testing near St. Laurent station, January 2018.jpg
$2.1 billion + $4.66 billion CA$ [130]
Lusail Tram Light rail Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Lusail 2.7as of 2014 [132] 3.42016Completed

2022 (First part of orange line)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Lusail Tram Logo 04.2019.svg
Hyderabad Metro Rapid transit Flag of India.svg  India Hyderabad 2.4 as of November 2017 [133] 2.92012Completed

2018 (First stretch)

2020 (Second stretch)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Hyderabad Metro Blue Line 14042019.jpg
Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Highway Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia Sumatra 33.2 [134] 36.8Completed
Several segments at varying times (2019-2022)
Expected
2023, 2024 (Remaining segments)
Trans sumatra map.png
K Line Light rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Los Angeles 2.1 [135] 2.32014Completed
2022 (first section)
Expected
2024 (rest of line)
K Line Florence Ave.jpg
Skyline Railway Flag of the United States.svg  United States Oʻahu 12.4 [136] 13.82011Completed
2023 (Phase 1)
Expected
2025 (Phase 2)
2031 (Phase 3)
Honolulu Skyline train.jpg
Sydney Metro Rapid transit Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Sydney 14.9 [137] 15.82013Completed
2019 (Phase 1)
Expected
2030 (remaining phases)
Map of Sydney North Western Line and the City and South Western Line overlayed on top of the existing rail network Map of Sydney Metro.svg
Map of Sydney North Western Line and the City and South Western Line overlayed on top of the existing rail network
 AUD $20.5 billion (Stage 1 and 2) [137]
El Insurgente Commuter rail Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico State of Mexico; Mexico City 2.8 [138] 3.22015Completed
2023 (Zinacantepec to Lerma)
2024 (Lerma to Santa Fe)
Expected
2024 (Santa Fe to Observatorio)
El Insurgente en estacion Zinacantepec 7.jpg
Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway Highway Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Tekirdağ to Balıkesir 2 [139] 2.52017Completed
2023 (Malkara-Lapseki)
Expected
2024 (remaining phases)
Karte KinaliTekirdagCanakkaleBalikesir TR.svg
A-1 motorway Highway Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 3.7 [140] [141] 3.82015 [142] Completed
2023 (first 43 km section)

Expected
2024 (Andrijevica segment)

A-1 motorway in Montenegro.jpg
(2.77 billion €)
Réseau express métropolitain Light rail, Rapid transit Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Montreal 5.5 [143] 6.12018Completed
2023 (first segment)

Expected
2027 [144]

Stations REM.png
67 km of rails, 26 stations, automated light metro. Cost estimated in June 2021 to be CA$6.9 billion.
Tel Aviv Light Rail Light rail Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Tel Aviv 5.8 [145] [146] 6.42011Completed
2023 (Red Line)

Expected
2028

Tel Aviv Red Line Map-HE.png
NIS18.8 billion

Under construction

ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationApproximate cost (in billions USD)Start of constructionPlanned year of completionImageNotes
Silver Line Commuter rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Dallas 1.9 [147] 20202025
Cotton Belt Rail Line Map.svg
Also known as the "Cotton Belt Line"
Purple Line Light rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. 3.4 [148] 2017 (halted in 2020); resumed in 20222027 [149]
Map showing the Purple Line's intersection points with the Washington Metro Washington Metro diagram sb.svg
Map showing the Purple Line's intersection points with the Washington Metro
Red & Purple Modernization Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States Chicago 2.1 [150] 20192025
Red Purple Modernization construction at Lawrence.jpg
Thessaloniki Metro Rapid transit Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Thessaloniki 3.24 [151] 20062024 [152]
Agiassofias.jpg
Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link Tunnel (undersea, rail/road)Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark, Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Fehmarn to Lolland 8.75 [153] 2019 [153] 2028 [153]
Fehmarnbeltbrucke.svg
Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge Railway Railway Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria From Lagos to Kano 8.3 [154] [155] 2011TBA
Mobolaji Johnson Station A.jpg
Badagry Deep Sea Port Seaport Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Badagry 2.3 [156] 2024 [157] TBA
Fourth Mainland Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Across the lagoon to connect Ikorodu and Lekki 4.2 [158] 2024TBA
4thbridgemap-eng.jpg
California High-Speed Rail High-speed rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States California 80.3 [159] 20152033
(Phase I)
Relief map of California.png
California High-Speed Rail route.svg
class=notpageimage|
Locations of planned California High-Speed Rail route. Phase I: black; Phase II: dark blue. (The separate Brightline West system is shown in light blue.) Route is approximate in some places.
China Pakistan Economic Corridor Economic corridor Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan, Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Flag of Pakistan.svg Gwadar to Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Kashgar 65 [160] 20152030 ChinaPakistanEconomicCorridor.png
Barcelona Metro line 9 Rapid transit lineFlag of Spain.svg  Spain Barcelona 26.3 [161] 20092027 [162] L10 051.JPG (€19bn)
Santiago Metro Line 7 Rapid transit lineFlag of Chile.svg  Chile Santiago 2.5 [163] 2022 [164] 2027
Map of the line Linea 7 Metro de Santiago mapa.png
Map of the line
Cross River Rail Commuter rail tunnelFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Brisbane 4.7 [165] 20172026 [165]
Construction site of new underground Roma Street railway station for Cross River Rail, April 2021 in Brisbane, 02.jpg
AUD $6.3 billion
Metro Tunnel Commuter rail tunnelFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Melbourne 9.46 [166] 20182025
Map of the Metro Tunnel in blue and existing railway lines in grey Melbourne Metro Rail Tunnel route map blue.svg
Map of the Metro Tunnel in blue and existing railway lines in grey
AUD $12.58 billion
Suburban Rail Loop Rapid transit Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Melbourne 23.31-43.61 [167] 20222035-2053 [a]
The map of the Suburban Rail Loop East (Lime, Cyan, Orange and Green) placed on top of the Victorian Train Map post Metro Tunnel (Grey and Purple) Map of proposed Suburban Rail Loop.png
The map of the Suburban Rail Loop East (Lime, Cyan, Orange and Green) placed on top of the Victorian Train Map post Metro Tunnel (Grey and Purple)
AUD $31–58 billion
NHDP/ Bharatmala Highway upgradeFlag of India.svg  India Flag of India.svg  India 207.6 (total)

(NHDP: 53.2, 75.3 in 2023) [168]

(Bharatmala: 132.4) [169]

20002018: (NHDP)

2026: Bharatmala Phase I [170]

Phase II was set to start in 2024, but now is uncertain [171]

NH 47 between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu, India. Looking-down-National-Highway-Chittode-Junction.JPG
NH 47 between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu, India.
(INR 4.5 trillion).This project was partially completed by 2018 and was then subsumed under the Bharatmala project.
Agua Negra Tunnel Tunnel (road) Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina, Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Flag of Argentina.svg San Juan, Argentina, & Flag of Chile.svg Coquimbo Region 1.5 [172] 20182027
Proyecto tunel agua negra.jpg
Fastracks Light rail, Commuter rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Denver 6.5 [173] 20062044
Denver rtd.svg
City Rail Link Commuter rail Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Auckland 3.4 [174] 20152025
CBD Tunnel Landsat 7 Image Auckland.jpg
(NZD$5.5bn)
Line 5 Eglinton Light rail Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Toronto 10.26 [175] 20102024
Line 5 Eglinton route.svg
Grand Paris Express Rapid transit Flag of France.svg  France Île-de-France (Paris region) 48 [176] 20162030 Grand paris express.svg 4 new lines, 200 km, 72 new stations
Scarborough Subway Extension Rapid transit Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Toronto 3 [177] 20222029-2030
Scarborough Subway Extension Construction.jpg
CA$3.982 billion, 3 stops, 7.8 km [178]
Tehran-Shomal Freeway, 121 km Highway Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Tehran Province and Mazandaran Province 1.7 [179] 19962024?

(sections 1,2, & 4 are already complete)

Tehran-Shomal.png
(HUF 452bn)
Stuttgart 21 Railway & Urban DevelopmentFlag of Germany.svg  Germany Stuttgart 10.8 [180] 20102025
Map Stuttgart 21 outer.svg
€9.15 billion [180]
Birmingham Northern Beltline (I-422) Highway Flag of the United States.svg  United States Birmingham, Alabama 5.4 [181] 20142047
I-422 (Future).svg
Brenner Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)Flag of Austria.svg  Austria, Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Flag of Austria.svg Innsbruck to Flag of Italy.svg   Franzensfeste 11 [182] 20082032
Brenner Base Tunnel Aicha-Mauls.jpg
Koralm Tunnel Tunnel (rail)Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Styria / Carinthia 6.2 [183] 20092026
Karte Koralmtunnel.png
(€5.4 bn)
Semmering Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Lower Austria / Styria 4.6 [184] 20122024
Semmering-Basistunnel.png
(€3.9 bn)
Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor High-Speed Rail Flag of India.svg  India From Ahmedabad to Mumbai 20 [185] 20192026 (partial), 2027 (complete)
Map high-speed line Mumbai-Ahmedabad.png
(₹1.6 lakh crore)
Sagarmala Seaport Flag of India.svg  India Coastal areas of India 80.9 [186] 20172035(₹6.5 lakh crore, only counting current projects)
High Speed 2 High Speed Railway Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom England 106.4 [187] 2017 [188] 2033 UK High Speed 2 rail map.png 330 mi/530 km of High Speed track, [189] 5 stations and West Coast Mainline integration
Northern Powerhouse Rail Railway & Urban renewal Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom England 39 [190] 2018 [191] 2026 HS3-2017-map.png Links Liverpool, Sheffield, Kingston-upon-Hull & Newcastle-upon-Tyne to High Speed 2.
Link light rail 2 Line Light rail lineFlag of the United States.svg  United States Eastside King County, Washington 3.7 [192] 20162025 East Link tracks and catenary on East Channel Bridge, July 2019.jpg
Bogotá Metro

(line 1)

 Rapid transit Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia Bogotá 4.5 [193] 20202028
MetroBogota20182.png
Brussels Metro line 3 Rapid transit Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Brussels 1.86 [194] 2020 [195] 2030
STIB M3 plan.png
Chūō Shinkansen High-speed rail, Maglev Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 64.35 [196] as of May 20212014Unknown [197]
Tel Aviv Metro Rapid transit Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Tel Aviv metro area 39.4 [198] 20252032
Tel Aviv Rapid Transit Network.png
Panama Metro Line 3 Rapid transit line (monorail)Flag of Panama.svg  Panama Panama City 2.7154 [199] 20212025
Alstom Metropolis trainset - Metro de Panama.jpg
The Panamanian balboa is tied to the United States dollar.
Millennium Line Broadway Extension ("Broadway Subway Project") Rapid transit Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Vancouver 2.35 [200] 2021 [200] 2026 [201]
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets SkyTrain Broadway Subway map.svg
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets
Cost estimated in May 2021 to be 2,830,000,000 Canadian dollars; in roughly May 2021, that was roughly equivalent to 2,350,000,000 United States dollars.
Penn Station Access Commuter rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States New York City and Westchester County, New York 2.87 [202] 20222027
Penn Station Access Map.png
South Coast Rail Commuter rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Southeastern Massachusetts 3.42 [203] 2019 [204] 2030
South Coast Rail map.svg
Trillium Line Expansion Light rail Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Ottawa 3.5 [205] 20192024
South Keys Station (OC Transpo).JPG
4.72 billion CAD
Bangkok–Nong Khai high-speed railway High-speed rail Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 4.65 [206] 20202026
CR300AF-0003Wei Yu Bei Jing Huan Xing Tie Dao .jpg
179 billion baht as of October 2022
Oslo Metro Line T6 Rapid transit line Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Oslo and Bærum 1.6 [207] 20202027
Oslo T-bane Logo.svg
Cost is as of January 2017
Lima Metro Line 2 Rapid transit Flag of Peru.svg  Peru Lima 5.8 [208] 20142025
Line 2 in yellow Schematic map, Lima and Callao Metro.svg
Line 2 in yellow
Line 4 (Athens Metro) Rapid transit Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Athens 1.920212029-30
Athens metro Katechaki shaft 3-2023.jpg
€1.6 billion [209]
Cairo Metro Line 3, Phase 3 Rapid transit Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Cairo 2.6 [210] 2023 (last extensions)
Line 3 shown in green CAIRO METRO.jpg
Line 3 shown in green
Entire Line 3 costs more
São Paulo Metro, Line 6 Rapid transit Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Greater São Paulo 2.6 [211] Resumed in 20202025
Visita as obras da linha 6 Laranja do Metro (51384273551).jpg
Toulouse Metro, Line C Rapid transit Flag of France.svg  France Toulouse Métropole 3.65 [212] 20222028
Metro Line C shown in green Plan metro tramway Toulouse.svg
Metro Line C shown in green
€3.4 billion as of February 7, 2023
Abidjan Metro Rapid transit Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast Abidjan 1.46 [213] 20222025
Trace train urbain d'Abidjan.jpg
€1.36 billion as of December 20, 2022
Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Line 1 Rapid transit Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 2.5 [214] 20122023 [214]
Line 1 in red; remaining lines in planning stage or on hold Ho chi minh metro Future - geo.png
Line 1 in red; remaining lines in planning stage or on hold
Vienna U-Bahn, U2xU5 Project Rapid transit Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Vienna 2.5 [215] 2018 [216] 2030
Map of metro after project concludes in 2030 U-Bahnnetz Wien 2030.png
Map of metro after project concludes in 2030
Riyadh Metro Rapid transit Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Riyadh 22.5 as of July 2013 [217] 20142024
Riyadhmetro.jpg
There were disputes regarding at least $1 billion in 2022; as of January 2023, it is unclear if/how that affected the overall cost. [218]
Xiong'an–Xinzhou high-speed railway High-speed rail Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Xiong'an–Xinzhou 8.86 [219] 20222027
CRH5A-5018@NXH (20180815121611).jpg
Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway Railway Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania Tanzania At least 7.6 [220] 2017Unclear (does vary based on phase)
Tanzania SGR plans.jpg
Portal Bridge replacement Bridge (rail)Flag of the United States.svg  United States New Jersey 1.5 [221] 20222025 (first line of track) [222]
Bridge to be replaced 2021-09-19 10 59 30 View south down the Hackensack River towards the Portal Bridge and Pulaski Skyway from the Lewandowski Hackensack River Bridge for Interstate 95 (New Jersey Turnpike Eastern Spur) along the border of Kearny and Secaucus, New Jersey.jpg
Bridge to be replaced
Rogfast Tunnel (road)Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Rogaland 2.91 [223] 2018 (paused 2019; unclear if/when resumed, but it is still expected to be constructed)2033
Oversiktstegning Rogfast mai 2017.pdf
Gordie Howe International Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States, Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Detroit to Windsor, Ontario 5.4 [224] 20182025
Howe Bridge supports (Detroit 06-2021).jpg
D Line Extension Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg  United States Greater Los Angeles 9.5 [225] 2014 (Section 1)
2018 (Section 2)
2021 (Section 3)		2027 (final section: Section 3) [225]
WestsideMetro.svg
Belgrade Metro Rapid transit Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Belgrade 5.35 [226] 20212028
Metro proposal 2018.jpg
Ontario Line Rapid transit Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Toronto 7.3-8.7 [227] 20222031
Ontario Line route.svg
16 km, 15 stop line with at-grade, elevated and underground sections operated with driverless trains. [228]
São Paulo Metro Line 2 extension Rapid transit Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil São Paulo 1.4 [229] 20202026
Metro-SP icon.svg
Valley Metro Rail: South Central Extension Light rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States Phoenix, Arizona 1.35 [230] 20192025
Phoenix Exterior Bridge.2008.jpg
Hamburg U5 Rapid transit Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Hamburg 1.75 [231] 20222030
U5 shown in red and purple Karte U5 Hamburg.png
U5 shown in red and purple
Project Connect Public transit [b] Flag of the United States.svg  United States Austin, Texas 10.3 for the light rail components; unclear for the rest [232] 2021Unclear
Projectconnectmap.png
Measure approved by Austin voters. Construction of at least one bus rapid transit corridor has begun; light rail construction has not begun.
Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel Expansion Project Bridge–tunnel (road)Flag of the United States.svg  United States Hampton Roads (Virginia)3.9 [233] 20202025
HRBT.jpg
Frederick Douglass Tunnel Tunnel (rail)Flag of the United States.svg  United States Baltimore 6 [234] 20232033
Presidential Visit to the B&P Tunnel (52659887736).jpg
Replacement for old Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel)
Brightline West High-speed rail Flag of the United States.svg  United States California and Nevada 12 [235] 20242028
Gateway Program Rail improvements, including bridges and tunnelsFlag of the United States.svg  United States New York City to New Jersey (Hudson River)16.1 [236] 2023 [237] 2035 [237]

Suspended or abandoned

ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationStatus (suspended or abandoned)Approximate cost (in billions USD) and year of cost estimateStart of constructionYear suspendedImageNotes
Northern Latitudinal Railway Railway Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Labytnangi (Obskaya) - KorotchaevoSuspended3.03 (2018) [238] 20182022

Proposed

ProjectDescriptionLocationApproximate cost (in billions USD)Proposed start of constructionProposed year of completionNotes
Great Istanbul Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel Flag of Turkey.svg Istanbul, Turkey 3.5 [239] TBDTBDAfter Marmaray and Eurasia Tunnel's, it will be the third tunnel to connect Istanbul's sides.
Arctic Railway Railway Flag of Finland.svg  Finland, Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 3.43 [240] TBDTBDA connecting line between Kirkenes port and the Finnish railway network.
Bridge of the Horns Bridge (rail/road)Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti, Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 20TBDTBDA bridge across the Red Sea.
Crossrail 2 Railway, Commuter rail, Rapid transit Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Greater London, United Kingdom 49.4 in 2014 money [241] 20232030s[ citation needed ]A new railway line in England, serving London, Surrey & Hertfordshire to interlink with Crossrail (above).
Helsinki City Rail Loop Commuter Rail Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 1.77 [242] TBDTBDAn underground rail loop in Helsinki.
Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel Flag of Finland.svg  Finland, Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 17.74 [243] TBDTBD
Irish Sea Bridge Bridge (rail/road)Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 20.55 [244] TBDTBDA proposed bridge between Scotland and Northern Ireland, supported by the Johnson ministry. [245]
Lentorata Railway tunnel Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 6.5 [246] 2030TBDAn airport rail link for Helsinki Airport.
Malacca Strait Bridge Bridge (road)Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia, Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 14 [247] TBDTBDA proposed 48 kilometer bridge over the Strait of Malacca.
MetroLink (Dublin) Rapid transit Flag of Ireland.svg Greater Dublin Area, Ireland 9.83 [248] 20252031-2034
Saudi–Egypt Causeway Causeway Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia, Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 4TBDTBD
Strait of Messina Bridge Bridge (rail/road)Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 6.6TBDTBD
Sunda Strait Bridge Bridge (rail/road)Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 18.87 [249] TBDTBDThe project has been indefinitely postponed. [250]
Singapore Strait crossing Tunnel (undersea)Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore, Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia TBDTBDTBDA proposed tunnel between Singapore and Indonesia.
Qatar–Bahrain Causeway Causeway Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar, Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 5TBDTBD
Texas Central Railway High-speed rail Flag of the United States.svg Texas 5.9TBDTBDWould operate between Dallas and Houston, with a stop in the Brazos Valley region
LinkUS Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg Columbus, Ohio 8 [251] 20242030Cost includes three rapid-transit corridors set to open by 2030, and two more by 2050. [251] [252]
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 2 Rapid transit Flag of the United States.svg New York City 6.39 [253] TBDTBDProject was moved to the engineering stage in January 2022. [254]
Interborough Express Light rail Flag of the United States.svg New York City 5.5 [255] (in 2027 dollars) [256] TBDTBDNew light rail line, built largely along existing tracks, connecting Brooklyn and Queens. Still in planning stages.
Rio de Janeiro Light Rail Expansion Light rail Flag of Brazil.svg Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 [257] 20232025 (at least first sections)Would add 145.5 km (90.4 mi) to existing light rail network
Bagamoyo Port Seaport Flag of Tanzania.svg Bagamoyo, Tanzania 10 [258] 2023
Valparaíso–Santiago rail replacement Railway Flag of Chile.svg Valparaíso and Santiago, Chile 1.32 [259] 20252030
D2 Subway Light rail Flag of the United States.svg Dallas 1.7-1.9 [260] TBD2028
City Centre–Mangere Line Light rail Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 8.7 [261] TBDTBDIn the detailed planning phase. Would connect Auckland Airport to the CBD, terminating at Wynyard Quarter

Airport projects

AirportPrimary market(s) servedCountry IATA Code Type of projectPassengers (total)Year completedEst. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflation
Abu Dhabi International Airport Abu Dhabi Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates AUHNew airport20,000,00019826.818.2
Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas International Airport Terminals 4 and 4S Madrid Flag of Spain.svg  Spain MADNew terminals57,891,34020068.712.7
Al Maktoum International Airport Dubai Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates DWCNew airport410,278 (expected: 260 million)20103243.7
Athens International Airport Athens Flag of Greece.svg  Greece ATHNew airport16,225,885200134.9
Auckland Airport Auckland Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand AKLNew terminal, new runway2028-2029 (expected)2.4 [262]
Bahrain International Airport expansion Bahrain Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain BAHNew terminal20211.1 [263] 1.2
Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China PEKNew terminal50,000,00020083.8 [264] 5.3
Beijing Daxing International Airport Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China PKXNew airport25,051,01220191720.4
Berlin Brandenburg Airport Berlin Flag of Germany.svg  Germany BERNew airport28,000,000 (expected) [265] 202010 (as of 2018) [266]
Central Transport Hub Warsaw Flag of Poland.svg  Poland N/A≈45,000,000 (expected)2027 (expected)4.2-5.0 (expected, without rail component and road component)
Changi Airport Terminal 3 Singapore Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore SINNew terminal22,000,00020081.4 [267] 1.9
Changi Airport Terminal 4 Singapore Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore SINNew terminal65,628,00020171 [268]
Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris Flag of France.svg  France CDGNew airport26,196,575 as of 2021 [269] 19730.27 [270] 1.4
Chengdu Tianfu International Airport Chengdu Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China TFUNew airport4,354,758 as of 2021202110.8 [271] 12
Chennai greenfield airport, Parandur Chennai Flag of India.svg  India N/ANew airport100,000,000 (expected)Unclear2.5 (₹ 20,000 crore) [272]
Ciudad Real Central Airport Ciudad Real Flag of Spain.svg  Spain CQMNew airportCeased operations in 2012 (expected: 10 million)20091.41
Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport: International Terminal Santiago Flag of Chile.svg  Chile SCLNew terminal30,000,0002022 [273] [ unreliable source? ]0.99
Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex Flag of the United States.svg  United States DFWNew airport62,465,756 as of 202119730.7 [274] 3.7
Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Terminal F; overhaul Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex Flag of the United States.svg  United States DFWNew terminal; terminal expansion; renovations2028 or 2033 (expected)4.8 [275]
Denver International Airport Denver Flag of the United States.svg  United States DENNew airport50,167,48519954.8 [276] 8.8
Dubai International Airport Terminal 3 Dubai Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates DXBNew terminal20084.5 [277] 6.3
Felipe Ángeles International Airport Mexico City Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico NLUNew airport20223.68 [278]
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, international terminal construction Houston Flag of the United States.svg  United States IAHTerminal redevelopment and/or expansionUnclear1.2 [279] (as of October 2019)
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Guangzhou Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China CANNew airport59,732,14720042.393.7
Hamad International Airport Doha Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar DOHNew airport201415.5 [280] 19.7
Harry Reid International Airport (then McCarran International Airport), Terminal 3 [ broken anchor ] Las Vegas Flag of the United States.svg  United States LASNew terminal20122.4 [281] 3.1
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Terminal 3 Dhaka Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh DACNew terminalAdditional 12,000,000 (expected)2.53 [282] (as of 2019)
Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong HKGNew airport70,502,000199820 [283] [ unreliable source? ]34.9
Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 London Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom LHRNew terminal32,100,000 as of 201820087.9 [284] 11
Incheon International Airport Seoul Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea ICNNew airport28,677,1612001 (Phase 1)

2008 (Phase 2)

2017 (Phase 3)

5 (Phase 1)

2.6 (Phase 2)

3.54 (Phase 3)

8.2 (Phase 1)

3.6 (Phase 2)

4.3 (Phase 3)

Istanbul Airport Istanbul Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey ISTNew airport76,236,980 [285] 201829 (including side projects) [286] 34.7
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal One New York City Flag of the United States.svg  United States JFKNew terminalExpected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2030 (Full completion)

9.5 [287]
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal 6 New York City Flag of the United States.svg  United States JFKNew terminalExpected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2028 (Full completion)

4.2 (Phase 1) [288]
Kansai International Airport Osaka Flag of Japan.svg  Japan KIXNew airport27,987,564199420 (as of 2008)27.8 (starting inflation calculation in 2008)
Kansas City International Airport Kansas City Flag of the United States.svg  United States MCINew terminal (replacement)20231.5 [289]
Kertajati International Airport Majalengka Regency Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia KJTNew airport29,000,000 (expected)20181517.9
King Abdulaziz International Airport Jeddah Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia JEDNew airport18,000,00019817.2 [290]
King Shaka International Airport Durban Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa DURNew airport7,500,000201011.4
Kuala Lumpur International Airport Kuala Lumpur Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia KULNew airport52,643,51119983.5
Kualanamu International Airport Medan Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia KNONew airport12,245,11620134.4 [291]
Kuwait International Airport, Terminal 2 Kuwait City Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait KWINew terminal25,000,000 additional passengers (estimated)2024 (expected)5 [292]
LaGuardia Airport New York City Flag of the United States.svg  United States LGARenovation15,601,0632025 (expected)8 [293]
Long Thanh International Airport Ho Chi Minh City Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam N/ANew airport100,000,000 (expected)2025 (expected)10
Los Angeles International Airport Los Angeles Flag of the United States.svg  United States LAXRenovation and expansion14
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (new terminal) New Orleans Flag of the United States.svg  United States MSYNew terminal20191.3 [294] 1.5
Manchester Airport Transformation Programme Manchester Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom MANNew terminal2025 (expected)1.6 [295] (equivalent to £1.3 billion as of February 2023)
Munich Airport Munich Flag of Germany.svg  Germany MUCNew airport19925.17 [296] 10.08
Nashville International Airport, BNA Vision Nashville, Tennessee Flag of the United States.svg  United States BNAAirport overhaul [c] 2023 (expected)1.5 [297]
Nashville International Airport, New Horizon Nashville, Tennessee Flag of the United States.svg  United States BNATerminal expansion; other improvements [d] 2028 (expected)1.4 [298]
Navi Mumbai International Airport Mumbai Flag of India.svg  India NMUNew airport60,000,000 (expected)2024 (expected)2
New Islamabad International Airport Islamabad Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan IBDNew airport5,140,58520183.914.7
New Lisbon Airport Lisbon Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal N/A50,000,000 (expected)2035 (expected)4.5
New Mexico City International Airport Mexico City Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 201813
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal A Newark, New Jersey; New York City Flag of the United States.svg  United States EWRTerminal replacement20232.7 [299]
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal C Newark, New Jersey; New York City Flag of the United States.svg  United States EWRTerminal renovation and expansion33,399,20720031.21.9
O'Hare International Airport Chicago Flag of the United States.svg  United States ORDExpansion2028 (expected)8.7 [300] (as of March 2019)
Orlando International Airport, Terminal C Orlando, Florida Flag of the United States.svg  United States MCONew terminal20222.8 [301]
Salt Lake City International Airport Salt Lake City Flag of the United States.svg  United States SLCRenovation and expansion2024 (expected)4.1 [302] (as of January 2020)
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, replacement terminal Shenzhen Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China SZXTerminal replacement20131.4 [303] 1.8
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, third runway Shenzhen Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China SZXNew runway2025 (expected)1.76 [304]
Suvarnabhumi Airport Bangkok Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand BKK55,892,42820063.85
Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 3 Taipei Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan TPENew terminalFirst stage: 2024 (expected) [305] 3.13 (as of November 2022) [306]
Western Sydney Airport Sydney Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia WSI (provisional)New airport10,000,000 (initially) 82,000,000 (by 2036)2026 (expected)3.3
Jorge Chávez International Airport Callao Flag of Peru.svg  Peru LIMNew terminal and runway2025 (expected) [307] 2 [308]

Notes

  1. ↑ SRL East 2035
    SRL North 2043-2053
  2. ↑ This plan includes multiple light rail lines, a new commuter rail line, and multiple bus rapid transit routes.
  3. ↑ The project includes terminal lobby renovation, an international arrivals facility (including six new international gates and a new Customs and Border Protection area), a new tarmac terminal apron and taxilane expansion, an on-airport hotel and corresponding garage, a satellite concourse, the creation of Concourse D, multiple new terminal garages, and roadway updates to accommodate the changes.
  4. ↑ The project includes expanding multiple concourses, as well as constructing a new air freight building, making terminal roadway improvements, and making baggage system handling improvements.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transport in Delhi</span> Overview of transport in Delhi, India

Delhi has significant reliance on its transport infrastructure. The city has developed a highly efficient public transport system with the introduction of the Delhi Metro, which is undergoing a rapid modernization and expansion since 2006. There are 16.6 million registered vehicles in the city as of 30 June 2014, which is the highest in the world among all cities, most of which do not follow any pollution emission norm, while the Delhi metropolitan region has 11.2 million vehicles. Delhi and NCR lose nearly 42 crore man-hours every month while commuting between home and office through public transport, due to the traffic congestion. Therefore, serious efforts, including a number of transport infrastructure projects, are under way to encourage usage of public transport in the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long Thanh International Airport</span> Future airport to serve Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Long Thanh International Airport is an international airport under construction in Long Thành district, Đồng Nai province, Vietnam, approximately 40 km (25 mi) east of Ho Chi Minh City. It will be the second airport to serve the Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area, after the existing Tan Son Nhat International Airport. It is being built as an alternative to the existing airport, in order to relieve its increasing traffic, demand and congestion, as it could not be further expanded due to urban growth around it. The Government of Vietnam approved its construction on 4 January 2021. Construction began the next day on 5 January, and its first phase was scheduled to be finished by September 2025, but now it is expected to be finished by the first half of 2026. The airport will serve over 100 million passengers and five million tonnes of cargo annually when built to the maximum designed capacity, making it the largest airport in Vietnam, Southeast Asia and one of the largest in the world. The project is the most expensive infrastructure project in Vietnam's history. Once open, both airports will operate together. The national carrier, Vietnam Airlines, is suggested by the project consultants as the only Vietnamese carrier to operate flights from Long Thanh, while other airlines will wholly stay at the existing airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macau Light Rapid Transit</span> Mass transit system

The Macau Light Rapid Transit is a mass transit system in Macau and the first railway system of the city. The first phase of the project's construction began in February 2012, and the first section of the Taipa line was opened to the public on 10 December 2019. Barra extension of the line and two new branches of Seac Pai Van and Hengqin opened in 2023 and 2024.

This is a list of planned, or proposed, high-speed rail projects by country. Although a number of countries have conducted preliminary feasibility studies, many lines are eventually shelved or postponed due to high costs; only a few nations are building high-speed rail lines. Planned lines are separated here from lines under construction, and some countries have both. High-speed rail is public transport by rail at speeds over 200 km/h (125 mph).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyderabad Metro</span> Rapid transit system in Hyderabad, India

The Hyderabad Metro is a rapid transit system, serving the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is the third longest operational metro network in India after Delhi Metro and Namma Metro (Bengaluru), and the lines are arranged in a secant model. It is funded by a public–private partnership (PPP), with the state government holding a minority equity stake. Hyderabad Metro is the world's largest elevated Metro Rail system based on DBFOT basis. A special purpose vehicle company, L&T Metro Rail Hyderabad Ltd (L&TMRHL), was established by the construction company Larsen & Toubro to develop the Hyderabad metro rail project.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delhi Metro</span> Rapid transit system in India serving Delhi NCR

The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system that serves Delhi and the adjoining satellite cities of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurugram, Noida, Bahadurgarh, and Ballabhgarh in the National Capital Region of India. The system consists of 10 colour-coded lines serving 256 stations, with a total length of 350.42 kilometres (217.74 mi). It is India's largest and busiest metro rail system and the second-oldest, after the Kolkata Metro. The metro has a mix of underground, at-grade, and elevated stations using broad-gauge and standard-gauge tracks. The metro makes over 4,300 trips daily.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dhaka Metro Rail</span> Mass rapid transit system in Dhaka, Bangladesh

The Dhaka Metro Rail, or simply the Dhaka Metro, is a mass rapid transit system serving Dhaka, the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is operated by the Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTCL). Together with the under construction Dhaka BRT, proposed Dhaka Subway and Dhaka suburban circular rail, it is expected to reduce traffic congestion in the city. The metro rail network has five planned lines which are the MRT Line 6, the only operational line, MRT Line 1 and MRT line 5, which are under construction, and MRT Line 2 and MRT Line 4, which are in the planning stages. It is part of the Strategic Transport Plan outlined by the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sydney Metro</span> Transit system in Sydney, Australia

Sydney Metro is a fully automated rapid transit rail system in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It currently consists of the Metro North West & Bankstown Line, running between Tallawong and Sydenham and consisting of 21 stations on 52 km (32 mi) of twin tracks, mostly underground. The first stage of the line opened on 26 May 2019, running between Tallawong and Chatswood. This line was extended from Chatswood to Sydenham on 19 August 2024 as part of the first stage of the City & Southwest project. The second stage of the project will then further extend this line to Bankstown as part of a partial conversion of the existing Bankstown railway line with a scheduled completion in 2025.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-speed rail in Thailand</span>

Although Thailand has no operational high-speed rail lines, the country is planning a large high-speed rail network connecting its major cities. The first line of the network is under construction from Bangkok to Nakhon Ratchasima, with a planned maximum operational speed of 250 km/h (155 mph).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melbourne Airport rail link</span> Proposed railway line in Melbourne, Victoria

Melbourne Airport Rail, also known as SRL Airport, is a proposed heavy rail project, connecting the Melbourne CBD to Melbourne Airport at Tullamarine. The rail link will run through the under-construction Metro Tunnel, running 27 km (16.8 mi) from the airport to Town Hall station in the city centre with 12 km (7.5 mi) of new track between the airport and Sunshine station. The link will be a new branch of the Melbourne Metro rail network and run High-Capacity Metro Trains at a 10-minute frequency. The project is being delivered by the Victorian state government agency Rail Projects Victoria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Réseau express métropolitain</span> Rapid transit system in Greater Montreal, Canada

The Réseau express métropolitain is a light metro rapid transit system in Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It consists of five stations and connects Downtown Montreal with the suburb of Brossard. Extensions to the western Montreal suburbs and Montréal–Trudeau International Airport are under construction and will open in two stages in 2025 and 2027. A portion of the route was taken over from the Exo commuter rail Deux-Montagnes line and is being converted to light metro standards.

Between 2015 and 2023, Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, considered introducing light rail lines to replace some of its most heavily used bus routes. Many of these new light rail lines would have reused the routes of Auckland's former tram system. Light rail systems have been proposed in Auckland throughout the late-20th and early 21st centuries following the closure of the tram system in the 1950s.

Sydney Metro West is a rapid transit underground rail project currently under construction in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It involves constructing a rail line from Hunter St in the northern Sydney City Centre (CBD) to Westmead in the western suburbs of Greater Sydney. The new underground railway line will generally run parallel to the existing Main Suburban and Main Western railway lines, but via different suburbs and different stations, with the main aims being the doubling of rail capacity between the City Centre and Greater Western Sydney and the relief of overcrowding on the Western Line. The line will form part of the Sydney Metro system. Early construction began in 2020, with tunnelling starting in 2023. The line is anticipated to open from 2032.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North–South Commuter Railway</span> Commuter rail under construction in Luzon, Philippines

The North–South Commuter Railway, also known as the Clark–Calamba Railway, is a 147-kilometer (91-mile) commuter rail system under construction on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Running from New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac, to Calamba, Laguna, with 36 stations and four services, the railway is designed to improve connectivity within the Greater Manila Area and will be integrated with the railway network in the region.

Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport, previously known as Sydney Metro Greater West, is a rapid transit rail project currently under-construction in Greater Western Sydney. The project involves the construction of a 23-kilometre (14 mi) line as part of the Sydney Metro system. The line will operate between St Marys, where the line will connect to the Main Western railway line, and Badgerys Creek Aerotropolis at Bradfield via the Western Sydney Airport. It is intended to provide public transport for the upcoming Western Sydney Airport. Construction of the line started in December 2022 and is expected to be completed in late 2026 in time for the opening of the airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LAX Automated People Mover</span> Future automated people mover system serving Los Angeles International Airport

The LAX Automated People Mover is an under construction automated people mover (APM) system that will serve the area around Los Angeles International Airport (LAX).

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  306. ↑ Shan, Shelley (November 10, 2022). "TIAC drawing pricing plan for Terminal 3". Taipei Times . Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  307. ↑ Tumay Soto, Martín (December 5, 2024). "Nuevo aeropuerto Jorge Chávez abrirá este miércoles 29 de enero: 10 cifras que muestran su magnitud y capacidad". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved January 3, 2025.
  308. ↑ "La primera Ciudad Aeropuerto de Sudamérica estará en Lima". nuevojorgechavez.com (in Spanish). Retrieved January 3, 2025.
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