Project Description Country Location Est. cost (USD billions) Start of construction Year of completion Image Notes At or near time of completion Adjusted for inflation Tokaido Shinkansen High-speed rail Japan Taiheiyō Belt 1.06 [ 2] 7.96 1959 1964 Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen Original segment of the first shinkansen line Çanakkale 1915 Bridge Bridge (road) Turkey Çanakkale 4 [ 3] 4.44 2017 2022 Spans two continents. Longest suspension bridge span in the world . [ 4] Sha Tin to Central Link Rapid transit Hong Kong Hong Kong , From Tai Wai , New Territories to Admiralty , Hong Kong Island 11.6 [ 5] 13 2012 2022 HK$ 90.7 billion [ 5] La Línea Tunnel Tunnel (road) Colombia Cordillera Central 0.27 [ 6] 0.31 2009 2020 Cross-section of the tunnel Thameslink Programme Commuter rail upgrade United Kingdom Southeast England 8.97 [ 7] 10.4 2009 2020 Blackfriars Underground station work site (GBP7bn) [ 7] Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel Tunnel (road) United States Seattle 3.3 [ 8] 3.9 2013 2019 Santiago Metro Line 3 , Phase One and 2023 extension. Rapid transit Chile Santiago 2.17 [ 9] [ 10] 2.41 2012 2023 Combined cost of initial line and extension. [ 9] [ 10] Santiago Metro Line 6 Rapid transit Chile Santiago 1.26 [ 11] 1.54 2014 2017 Map of Line 6 Crimean Bridge Bridge (rail/road) Russia (one end is recognized internationally as being owned by Ukraine, but is de facto controlled by Russia)3.7 [ 12] 4.4 2015 2019 Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge Bridge–tunnel China Hong Kong , Zhuhai , and Macau 19.2 [ 13] 23 2009 2018 ¥ 127 billion New Tappan Zee Bridge Bridge (road) United States South Nyack to Tarrytown, New York 3.98 [ 14] 4.76 2013 2018 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway Railway Israel Jerusalem , Israel 1.9 –2.5 [ 15] 2.3 –3 2001 2004 (first section) 2007 (second section) 2018 (final section) NIS 7-9 billion [ 15] Abuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion)[ when? ] [ 16] Light Rail Nigeria Abuja 2.7 [ 16] [ 17] 3.2 2007 2018 Noord/Zuidlijn Rapid transit line Netherlands Amsterdam 4.32 [ 18] 5.96 2002 2018 (€3.1bn) Klang Valley MRT Line 1 Rapid transit Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 11.7 [ 19] 15.4 2012 2017 (MYR 36B) Ionia Odos Highway Greece Western Greece 1.8 [ 20] 2.3 2007 2017 (€1.4bn) Otoyol 5 Highway Turkey Istanbul to İzmir 7 [ 21] 8.2 2013 2019 Including Osman Gazi Bridge which has the 8th longest suspension bridge span in the world . [ 22] German Unification Transport Projects (Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit) Transport project to achieve German unity Germany Germany 42 [ 23] 51.4 1991 2016 – continues expansion until 2020 AVE - Spain's high-speed railway network High-speed rail Spain Spain 44 [ 24] 55.8 1992 2016 - continues expansion 40 [ 24] billion euros Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge Bridge (rail/road) Turkey Istanbul 2 [ 25] 2.6 2013 2016 World's fifth-tallest bridge of any type. [ 26] Evergreen Point Floating Bridge Bridge (road) United States Seattle and Medina, Washington 4.56 [ 27] 5.68 2012 2016 Eurasia Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, road) Turkey Istanbul 1.3 [ 28] 1.6 2011 2016 Spans two continents. Gotthard Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail) Switzerland Swiss Alps 9.7 [ 29] 12.1 1999 2016 (CHF 9.56 billion) [ 29] World Trade Center Transportation Hub Transit center and retail United States New York City 3.9 [ 30] 4.9 2006 2016 Blanka tunnel complex Tunnel (road) Czechia Prague 1.75 [ 31] 2.2 2006 2015 43bn Kč [ 31] Adler –Krasnaya Polyana road and railway Highway and railway Russia Russia 9.4 [ 32] 11.9 2010
2014 Budapest Metro Line 4 Rapid transit line Hungary Budapest 1.95 [ 33] [ 34] 2.52 2004 2014 (HUF 452.5 bn) Marina Coastal Expressway Highway Singapore Singapore 3.4 [ 35] [ 36] 4.4 2008 2013 [ 37] (S$ 4.3 bn) Marmaray Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail) Turkey Istanbul 4.5 [ 38] 5 2004 2008(Phase I) 2013(Phase II) Deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world. Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge Bridge (road) United States San Francisco Bay Area 6.5 [ 39] 8.4 2002 2013 Russky Bridge Bridge (road) Russia Vladivostok (Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula ) and Russky Island 1.1 [ 40] 1.4 2008 2012 Freeway Durango -Mazatlán and Baluarte Bridge Highway and road bridge Mexico Durango – Sinaloa 1.46 [ 41] [ 42] 1.9 2008 2012 Jiaozhou Bay Bridge Bridge (road) China Shandong 1.5 [ 43] 2 2007 2011 Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway High-speed rail China Eastern China (Beijing to Shanghai , via Tianjin and Nanjing ) 33.1 [ 44] 44.2 2008 2011 (RMB 220.9bn) Clem Jones Tunnel Tunnel (road) Australia Brisbane 3.3 [ 45] 4.4 2006 2010 CBD and South East Light Rail Light rail Australia Sydney 2.2 [ 46] 2.6 2015 2019 Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway High-speed rail China China 17.1 [ 47] 23.6 2005 2009 (RMB 116.6bn) Egnatia Odos Highway Greece Northern Greece 8.4 [ 48] 11.6 1994 2009 (€5.9bn) Incheon Bridge Bridge (road) South Korea Incheon 2.12 [ 49] 2.9 2005 2009 (₩ 2.45 trillion ; source listed that as being equivalent to US$2.12 billion) Sound Transit '1 line' (initial segment)
Light rail United States Seattle metropolitan area 2.9 [ 50] 4 2003 2009 Bologna–Florence high-speed railway High-speed rail Italy Italy 7.8 [ 51] 10.6 1996 2009 (€5.89 billion) [ 51] Milan–Bologna high-speed railway High-speed rail Italy Italy 9.2 [ 51] 12.6 1993 2008 (€6.92 billion) [ 51] Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway High-speed rail China Beijing and Tianjin [ 52] 2.34 [ 53] 3.3 2005 2008 High Speed 1 High-speed rail United Kingdom South East England 13.7 [ 54] 19.4 1998 2007 Map overview of the rail's route (£6.84 billion) [ 54] Lötschberg Base Tunnel (initial bore)
Tunnel (rail) Switzerland Swiss Alps 3.6 [ 55] 5.1 1999 2007 (CHF 4.3 billion) [ 55] Copenhagen Metro phase 1-3 Rapid transit Denmark Copenhagen 1.47 [ 56] 2.1 1996 2007 11,400,000,000 DKK "Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project Tunnel (road) United States Boston 22 [ 57] 30.6 1991 2007 14.6 billion USD; additional $7 billion in interest Colorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) Highway & Light rail upgrade United States Denver 1.7 [ 58] 2.5 2001 2006 Shanghai Maglev Train High-speed rail , Maglev China Shanghai 1.4 [ 59] 2.2 2001 2004 Red Line and Purple Line Rapid transit United States Los Angeles 4.5 [ 60] 7.6 1986 2000 represents expenditure prior to the D Line Extension Toei Ōedo Line Rapid transit Japan Tokyo 8.68 [ 61] 14.9 1988 2000 (¥988.6 billion in 1999 yen values) Jubilee Line Extension Rapid transit line United Kingdom London 6.83 [ 62] 9.32 1993 1999 3.5 billion GBP 6.83 billion USD is for 2010 prices [ 62]
Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project Bridges 17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku
Japan Japan 48 [ 63] 82.6 1978 1999 4 trillion Yen Øresund Bridge Bridge–tunnel (rail/road) Denmark , Sweden Denmark - Sweden 5.7 [ 64] 9.8 1995 1999 (DKK30.1bn) Great Belt Fixed Link Bridge–tunnel (rail/road) Denmark Denmark 3.2 7.1 1988 1998 (DKK21.4bn) [ 65] Vasco da Gama Bridge Bridge (road) Portugal Lisbon 1.3 [ 66] 2.4 1995 1998 (€897m / 180bn PTE) Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge Bridge (road) Japan Kobe 5 [ 67] 8.7 1988 1998 Channel Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail) Strait of Dover , English Channel between the United Kingdom and France 15.4 [ 68] 28.7 1988 1994 (GBP9.5bn) Interstate Highway System Highway Network United States United States 114 [ 69] 608 1956 1992 [ 70] [ 71] 425 billion in 2006 dollars [ 72] 548 billion in 2021 dollars [ 73] Baikal–Amur Mainline Railway Soviet Union (modern-day Russia ) Sovetskaya Gavan to Tayshet (modern-day Russia ) 15 [ 74] 37.2 1974 1984 Bay Area Rapid Transit Rapid transit United States San Francisco Bay Area 1.586 [ 75] 6.6 1964 1976 - continues expansion $11.9 billion adjusted for inflation St. Lawrence Seaway Canal system United States , Canada St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes between the United States and Canada 0.470 [ 76] 3.8 1954 1959 Caracas-La Guaira highway Highway Venezuela Greater Caracas 0.06 [ 77] [ 78] 0.5 1950 1953 Trans-Siberian Railway Railway Russian Empire (modern-day Russia ) Moscow to Russian Far East (Vladivostok ) (modern-day Russia ) 0.770 [ 79] 14.9 1891 1916 Panama Canal Canal Panama Panama 0.375 [ 80] 8.4 1881 1914 First transcontinental railroad Railway United States Omaha, Nebraska , to Sacramento, California 0.1 [ 81] 2 1863 1869 $2.03 billion adjusted for inflation Suez Canal Canal Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Egypt ) Sinai Peninsula , Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Egypt ) 0.082 [ 82] 1.7 1859 1869 Suez Canal expansion Canal expansion Egypt Sinai Peninsula 8 [ 83] 10.1 2014 2015 Silver Line Rapid transit United States Northern Virginia 6 [ 84] 6.7 2009 2014 (Phase 1) 2022 (Phase 2)
WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line While the Silver Line runs through Maryland and through Washington, D.C. , the actual new sections of railway were all located in Northern Virginia . Mid-Coast Extension of the Blue Line (San Diego Trolley) Light rail United States San Diego 2.17 [ 85] [ 86] 2.41 2016 2021 Green Line Extension Light rail United States Greater Boston 2.28 [ 87] 2.5 2012 2022 The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020 Highway Vespucio Oriente Tunnel (road) Chile Santiago 1.1 1.2 2017 2022 East Side Access project (including Grand Central Madison station ) Transit center , commuter rail United States New York City 11.1 [ 88] 12.3 2007 2023 The East Side Access project, including Grand Central Madison station, allows Long Island Rail Road service to Grand Central Terminal . Taichung Metro Rapid transit Taiwan Taichung 2.08 [ 89] 2.41 2009 2021 Almaty Metro Rapid transit Kazakhstan Almaty 1 [ 90] 1.3 1988 (was temporarily suspended as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union ) 2011 Dubai Metro Rapid transit United Arab Emirates Dubai 7.62 [ 91] 10.52 2009 Canada Line Rapid transit Canada Greater Vancouver 1.79 [ 92] 2.47 2005 2009 Canada Line (sky blue) as part of the Metro Vancouver transit system in 2016 $2.05 billion CAD – set as the value for 2009, though estimate was originally made in 2006 Second Avenue Subway, Phase 1 Rapid transit United States New York City 4.4 [ 93] 5.5 2007 2017 Inflation is based on 2016, as the line opened on January 1 of 2017; construction was thus technically completed before then. Silicon Valley BART extension, Phase I Rapid transit United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.3 [ 94] 2.7 2012 2020 Algiers Metro (original section of Line 1) Rapid transit Algeria Algiers 1.2 [ 95] 1.6 1982 (was suspended for a time) 2011 Changsha Metro, Line 2 Rapid transit China Changsha 1.8 [ 96] 2.2 2009 2014 Doha Metro Rapid transit Qatar Doha 36 [ 97] [ 98] 42.3 2013 2019 Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Railway Kenya Mombasa Nairobi Naivasha
5.3 [ 99] 6.2 2013 2019 Original phase: $3.8bn and extension: 1.5bn [ 99] Edinburgh Trams Light rail United Kingdom Edinburgh 1.72 [ 100] 2.18 2008 2014 (£1.043bn) [ 100] Padma Bridge Bridge (rail/road) Bangladesh Padma River 3.6 [ 101] 4 2014 2022 Woodrow Wilson Bridge Bridge (Bascule) United States Washington metropolitan area 2.357 [ 102] 3.04 2000 2013 Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (original/upper deck) Bridge (road) United States New York City 0.320 [ 103] 2.4 1959 1964 AirTrain JFK People mover United States New York City 1.9 [ 104] 3 1998 2003 While it does serve passengers within JFK, it was primarily built for transport between the airport and the city. Taiwan High Speed Rail High-speed rail Taiwan Taiwan 14.63 [ 105] 20.72 2000 2007 480.6 billion converted to USD in 2007 dollars is $14.63 billion. [ 106] Goethals Bridge (replacement) Bridge (road) United States New York City and New Jersey 1.25 [ 107] 1.49 2014 2017 (New eastbound span) 2018 (New westbound span)
Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge Bridge (rail) China Shanghai and Nanjing 8.5 [ 108] 11.36 2006 2011 (construction ended in 2010; opened in 2011) Bolshaya Koltsevaya line Rapid transit Russia Moscow 8.59 [ 109] 10.5 2011 2023 Seikan Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail) Japan Tsugaru Strait 8.58 [ 110] 19.1 1971 1988 Rennes Metro Line B Rapid transit France Rennes 1.405 [ 111] 1.56 2014 2022 Line B in green €1.342 billion converted to USD based on average rate for 2022 Paris Métro Line 14 (original segment) Rapid transit France Paris 1.2682 [ 112] 1.961 1993 2007 Inflation clock starting in 2004 Crossrail 1 Commuter rail , Rapid transit United Kingdom Greater London 23.0 [ 113] 25.5 2007 2023 [ 114] A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, serving London , Berkshire , Buckinghamshire & Essex . Core section opened May 24, 2022, full integration of routes and completion expected by May 2023. [ 114]
Regional Connector Light rail tunnel United States Downtown Los Angeles 1.8 [ 115] 1.9 2014 2023 IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line Rapid transit United States New York City 0.06 [ 116] 1.44 1900 Complete line: 1908 Lekki Port Seaport Nigeria Lekki 1.5 [ 117] 1.6 2015 2023 Ohio River Bridges Project Bridges and interchange reconfiguration United States Louisville metropolitan area 2.3 [ 118] 2.78 2014 2017 A new motorway project near Louisville, Kentucky . Major works included two new bridges across the Ohio River ; a short tunnel section; and reconstruction of interchange ramps. Lagos Rail Mass Transit Rapid transit , Commuter rail Nigeria Lagos 3.6 [ 119] [ 120] 3.7 2009 2023 (Blue Line) 2024 (Red Line) Upgrades to Metro-North Railroad's Harmon Shop at Croton-on-Hudson Improvements to a maintenance and operations hub United States Croton-on-Hudson, New York 1.1 [ 121] 1.1 2001 [ 122] 2024 [ 122] Milan Metro Line 4 Rapid transit Italy Milan 2.24 [ 123] 2.6 2014 [ 124] 2022 (Phase One) 2023 (Phase Two) 2024 (Phase Three) Map of the M4 line Roughly €1.9 billion as of April 2020 [ update] . Caltrain Modernization Program (CalMod) Commuter rail United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.44 [ 125] 2.44 2017 2024 Parramatta Light Rail, Stage 1 Light rail Australia Parramatta, New South Wales 1.94 [ 126] 1.94 2018 [ 127] 2024 [ 126] WestConnex Tunnel (road) Australia Sydney 11.3 [ 128] 11.3 2015 [ 128] 2024 [ 129] Yaxi Expressway Highway China Ya'an to Xichang 3.3 [ 130] 4.3 2007 2012 Unclear whether the $3.3 bn estimate was in 2007 dollars or 2012 dollars Sydney Metro Northwest Rapid transit Australia Sydney 5.2 [ 131] 6.1 2014 2019 Map of Sydney North Western Line and the City and South Western Line overlayed on top of the existing rail network Extended south to the CBD in 2024 by Sydney Metro City & Southwest . Cairo Metro Line 3, Phase 3 Rapid transit Egypt Cairo 2.6 [ 132] 2.9 2017 2024 Line 3 shown in green Entire Line 3 costs more Line 2 South Expansion Light rail Canada Ottawa 3.5 [ 133] 3.6 2019 2024 4.72 billion CAD Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Line 1 Rapid transit Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 2.5 [ 134] 2.5 2012 2024 [ 134] Line 1 in red; remaining lines in planning stage or on hold Riyadh Metro Rapid transit Saudi Arabia Riyadh 22.5 as of July 2013 [ update] [ 135] 31.2 2014 2024 There were disputes regarding at least $1 billion in 2022; as of January 2023 [ update] , it is unclear if/how that affected the overall cost. [ 136]