Litchfield County, Connecticut

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Litchfield County
MohawkMountain.jpg
Map of Connecticut highlighting Litchfield County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Connecticut
Connecticut in United States.svg
Connecticut's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°47′N73°14′W / 41.79°N 73.24°W / 41.79; -73.24
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut
Founded1751
Named for Lichfield, England
Seat none (since 1960)
Litchfield (before 1960)
Largest city Torrington (by population)
New Milford (by area)
Area
  Total945 sq mi (2,450 km2)
  Land921 sq mi (2,390 km2)
  Water24 sq mi (60 km2)  2.5%
Population
 (2020)
  Total185,186 Decrease2.svg
  Density196.0/sq mi (75.7/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
  Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts 1st, 5th
Litchfield County, Connecticut
Interactive map of Litchfield County, Connecticut

Litchfield County is a county in northwestern Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 185,186. [1] The county was named after Lichfield, in England. [2] Litchfield County has the lowest population density of any county in Connecticut and is the state's largest county by area.

Contents

Litchfield County comprises the Torrington, CT, Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the New YorkNewark, NYNJ–CT–PA, Combined Statistical Area.

As is the case with the other seven Connecticut counties, there is no county government and no county seat. Each town is responsible for all local services such as schools, snow removal, sewers, and fire and police departments. However, in some cases in rural areas, adjoining towns may agree to jointly provide services or even establish a regional school system. On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's county governments were disbanded in 1960, and the councils of governments took over some of the local governmental functions. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes. [3]

History

Litchfield County was created on October 9, 1751, by an act of the Connecticut General Court from land belonging to Fairfield, New Haven, and Hartford counties. The act establishing the county states:

That the townships of Litchfield, Woodbury, New Milford, Harwinton, New Hartford, Barkhempstead, Hartland, Colebrook, Norfolk, Canaan, Salisbury, Kent, Sharon, Cornwall, Goshen, Torrington, and Winchester, lying in the northwesterly part of this Colony, shall be and remain one entire county, and be called the County of Litchfield, and shall have and exercise the same powers, priviledges[ sic ] and authorities, and be subject to the same regulations, as the other counties in this Colony by law have and are subject unto. The bounds of which county shall extend north to the Colony line, and west to the Colony line till it meets with the township of New Fairfield, and to include the towns abovementioned. [4] [5]

Between 1780 and 1807, several new towns were created at the boundaries between Litchfield County and other counties in Connecticut. The town of Watertown was established in 1780 from Waterbury and was placed under Litchfield County jurisdiction. The establishment of the town of Brookfield from part of New Milford in 1788 resulted in Litchfield County losing territory to Fairfield County. In 1796, the town of Hartland was transferred to Hartford County. In 1798, the town of Oxford was established from part of Southbury causing Litchfield County to lose territory to New Haven County. In 1807, the town of Southbury was transferred to New Haven County. The final boundary change occurred on October 8, 1807, when the town of Middlebury was established from part of Woodbury. [6]

In 1862, during the Civil War, Litchfield County raised the 2nd Connecticut Regiment of Volunteers Heavy Artillery. This regiment, originally the 19th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, served in the defense of Washington, D.C. from September 1862 to March 1864, at which time it was transferred to the Army of the Potomac. On June 1, 1864, the 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery fought as infantry (as it continued to do through the war) in the Battle of Cold Harbor, experiencing the heaviest proportionate losses of any Connecticut regiment in the Civil War. The regiment remained active to the end of the war, and its final mustering out September 5, 1865. [7]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 945 square miles (2,450 km2), of which 921 square miles (2,390 km2) is land and 24 square miles (62 km2) (2.5%) is water. [8] It is the largest county in Connecticut by area. Litchfield County is roughly contiguous with the portion of the Appalachian Mountains range known as the Berkshire Mountains (sometimes locally, this area is called the Litchfield Hills).

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1790 38,635
1800 41,2146.7%
1810 41,3750.4%
1820 41,267−0.3%
1830 42,8583.9%
1840 40,448−5.6%
1850 45,25311.9%
1860 47,3184.6%
1870 48,7273.0%
1880 52,0446.8%
1890 53,5422.9%
1900 63,67218.9%
1910 70,26010.3%
1920 76,2628.5%
1930 82,5568.3%
1940 87,0415.4%
1950 98,87213.6%
1960 119,85621.2%
1970 144,09120.2%
1980 156,7698.8%
1990 174,09211.1%
2000 182,1934.7%
2010 189,9274.2%
2020 185,186−2.5%
U.S. Decennial Census [9]
1790–1960 [10] 1900–1990 [11]
1990–2000 [12] 2010–2018 [13]

2000 census

As of the census [14] of 2000, there were 182,193 people, 71,551 households, and 49,584 families residing in the county. The population density was 198 inhabitants per square mile (76/km2). There were 79,267 housing units at an average density of 86/sq mi (33/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 95.77% White, 1.10% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.17% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.68% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. 2.14% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20.8% were of Italian, 14.8% Irish, 10.6% English, 9.2% German and 6.3% French ancestry. 92.3% spoke English, 2.1% Spanish, 1.6% Italian and 1.2% French as their first language.

There were 71,551 households, out of which 32.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.20% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.70% were non-families. 25.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.60% under the age of 18, 5.70% from 18 to 24, 29.80% from 25 to 44, 25.70% from 45 to 64, and 14.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $56,273, and the median income for a family was $66,445 (these figures had risen to $67,591 and $81,752 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). [15] Males had a median income of $45,586 versus $31,870 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,408. About 2.70% of families and 4.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.30% of those under age 18 and 5.40% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 189,927 people, 76,640 households, and 51,530 families residing in the county. [16] The population density was 206.3 inhabitants per square mile (79.7/km2). There were 87,550 housing units at an average density of 95.1 per square mile (36.7/km2). [17] The racial makeup of the county was 93.9% white, 1.5% Asian, 1.3% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 1.4% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.5% of the population. [16] In terms of ancestry, 23.0% were Italian, 21.3% were Irish, 14.8% were English, 14.5% were German, 8.3% were Polish, and 3.3% were American. [18]

Of the 76,640 households, 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.8% were non-families, and 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 44.4 years. [16]

The median income for a household in the county was $69,639 and the median income for a family was $84,890. Males had a median income of $57,362 versus $42,729 for females. The per capita income for the county was $35,848. About 3.6% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over. [19]

Demographic breakdown by town

Income

Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. [20] [21]

RankTownPer capita
income
Median
household
income
Median
family
income
PopulationNumber of
households
1 Roxbury Town$65,236$97,768$119,0912,262936
2 Bridgewater Town$58,172$86,607$105,5681,727735
3 Washington Town$51,907$67,417$84,8333,5781,512
4 Kent Town$51,772$68,481$82,2602,9791,246
5 Cornwall Town$50,901$80,179$97,5001,420628
6 Warren Town$49,142$87,857$94,5831,461601
7 Salisbury Town$47,361$63,587$76,7193,7411,693
8 Woodbury Town$44,060$80,595$100,5009,9754,214
9 Norfolk Town$43,866$85,526$98,0981,709720
10 Sharon Town$43,317$70,104$74,3132,7821,250
11 New Hartford Town$41,709$80,718$90,1726,9702,632
12 Litchfield Town$41,649$78,750$100,8338,4663,459
13 Litchfield Borough$40,635$68,125$81,8751,258548
14 Bethlehem Town$39,704$82,899$86,7923,6071,411
15 Goshen Town$39,562$76,705$86,1142,9761,192
16 Colebrook Town$39,324$72,000$85,8331,485589
17 New Milford Town$38,893$84,824$100,57428,14210,618
18 Harwinton Town$37,902$85,253$92,0835,6422,170
19 Canaan Town$37,283$54,219$77,5001,234583
20 Morris Town$36,682$81,583$97,3812,388958
21 Barkhamsted Town$34,775$87,656$107,8043,7991,452
22 Watertown Town$34,158$77,771$93,19422,5148,672
23 Thomaston Town$31,652$63,990$77,8427,8873,108
24 Plymouth Town$30,081$71,630$82,43812,2434,803
25 Winchester Town$27,264$57,958$68,62211,2424,815
26 North Canaan Town$26,700$46,417$52,6043,3151,400
27 Torrington City$25,948$48,409$64,47636,38315,243
28 Winsted City$25,291$61,404$68,4067,7123,346
29 Bantam Borough$24,284$42,256$54,063759372

Race

Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, "Race alone or in combination with one or more other races." [22]

RankTownPopulationWhiteBlackAsianAmerican
Indian
OtherHispanic
1 Torrington City36,38093.6%3.5%2.9%1.1%1.8%6.8%
2 New Milford Town28,12292.6%3.9%2.7%0.6%1.8%5.2%
3 Watertown Town22,50296.1%1.6%2.2%0.6%0.9%2.5%
4 Plymouth Town12,21898.1%1.1%0.0%1.4%1.0%3.6%
5 Winchester Town11,21695.3%1.3%1.4%0.8%2.6%9.9%
6 Woodbury Town9,92897.9%0.6%1.8%0.7%0.3%4.0%
7 Litchfield Town8,48497.6%1.5%1.2%0.2%0.7%3.1%
8 Thomaston Town7,86298.0%1.2%0.9%1.0%0.7%1.4%
9 Winsted City7,40293.3%1.5%1.9%1.3%3.7%13.2%
10 New Hartford Town6,90196.0%0.6%3.9%0.0%0.0%0.7%
11 Harwinton Town5,61897.7%0.0%2.3%0.5%0.0%0.0%
12 Barkhamsted Town3,78399.8%0.4%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.3%
13 Salisbury Town3,78395.3%2.6%3.8%1.3%2.0%2.2%
14 Bethlehem Town3,59699.4%0.1%0.8%0.2%0.0%0.9%
15 Washington Town3,58694.0%2.9%0.9%0.2%3.0%9.6%
16 North Canaan Town3,32996.3%1.4%2.3%0.0%0.0%2.2%
17 Kent Town2,98298.5%0.3%0.8%0.7%0.0%0.3%
18 Goshen Town2,95799.1%0.1%0.7%0.4%0.2%5.5%
19 Sharon Town2,80492.0%0.4%1.4%0.3%6.8%8.5%
20 Morris Town2,41199.0%1.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.4%
21 Roxbury Town2,31599.0%0.0%0.3%1.3%0.3%5.3%
22 Bridgewater Town1,79096.6%1.7%1.3%0.3%1.9%6.2%
23 Norfolk Town1,57497.2%0.7%1.5%2.1%0.5%2.2%
24 Warren Town1,53198.5%0.0%0.9%0.3%1.0%3.0%
25 Cornwall Town1,46999.0%0.5%1.0%0.0%0.8%2.2%
26 Litchfield Borough1,42098.6%0.0%1.9%0.0%0.4%4.2%
27 Colebrook Town1,39599.4%0.5%0.0%0.8%0.0%0.6%
28 Canaan Town1,18397.5%1.6%0.2%0.2%1.0%2.8%
29 Bantam Borough73196.0%3.6%1.5%0.3%2.2%4.4%

Politics

Litchfield County has voted for Republican presidential candidates more often than the rest of the state. In 2004 Bush won 51% to Kerry's 46%, making Litchfield the only county in southern New England that Bush carried. Litchfield was one of two Connecticut counties won by George H. W. Bush in 1992. [23] But in 2008, no county in Connecticut, including Litchfield, was won by Republican candidate John McCain. The county also went for the Democratic presidential candidate in 1964, 1996, and 2000. In 2012 it was the only county won by Mitt Romney in the state. [24] In 2016, Donald Trump won the county. [25] Trump won the county again in 2020.

United States presidential election results for Litchfield County, Connecticut [26]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.%No.%No.%
2020 55,60151.70%50,16446.65%1,7791.65%
2016 53,05154.44%39,77540.82%4,6164.74%
2012 47,20151.07%43,85647.45%1,3701.48%
2008 46,17346.66%51,04151.57%1,7521.77%
2004 50,16051.89%44,64746.19%1,8611.93%
2000 39,17244.85%41,80647.87%6,3607.28%
1996 31,64538.88%37,37545.92%12,37815.21%
1992 34,49237.00%33,68636.14%25,03526.86%
1988 44,63755.97%34,22742.91%8931.12%
1984 52,58366.21%26,56433.45%2690.34%
1980 38,72550.72%26,70534.98%10,92414.31%
1976 40,70555.32%32,41944.06%4590.62%
1972 43,47860.20%27,92938.67%8121.12%
1968 31,42948.82%29,34045.57%3,6115.61%
1964 20,83434.12%40,17265.78%620.10%
1960 34,04353.94%29,06246.05%30.00%
1956 40,02969.91%17,22630.09%00.00%
1952 35,73563.81%20,16336.00%1070.19%
1948 26,84857.99%18,62840.23%8231.78%
1944 24,01955.24%19,21244.19%2480.57%
1940 22,95653.96%19,53745.92%490.12%
1936 18,85050.68%17,46846.97%8752.35%
1932 18,68256.94%13,46941.05%6602.01%
1928 19,15763.73%10,76635.81%1380.46%
1924 15,49961.35%6,64526.30%3,12012.35%
1920 14,40565.94%6,93831.76%5042.31%
1916 7,28853.00%6,18344.96%2802.04%
1912 5,51842.00%4,66135.48%2,95922.52%
1908 8,97866.21%4,12830.44%4543.35%
1904 8,79764.55%4,50033.02%3322.44%
1900 8,53464.14%4,55434.23%2181.64%
1896 10,08161.34%5,77135.11%5833.55%
1892 7,71647.20%7,99848.93%6333.87%
1888 7,72648.56%7,58247.65%6033.79%
1884 7,40550.80%6,60145.28%5723.92%

Transportation

Litchfield is served by the Northwestern Connecticut Transit District. [27] [28]

Communities

Map of Litchfield County, Connecticut showing cities, boroughs, towns, CDPs, and Indian Reservations Map of Litchfield County Connecticut With Municipal Labels.PNG
Map of Litchfield County, Connecticut showing cities, boroughs, towns, CDPs, and Indian Reservations
Map highlighting the Greater Torrington Micropolitan Area Greater Torrington.jpg
Map highlighting the Greater Torrington Micropolitan Area

Boroughs are incorporated portions of one or more towns with separate borough councils, zoning boards, and borough officials. Villages are named localities, but have no separate corporate existence from the towns they are in.

City

Towns

Telephone area codes

All areas of the county are in area code 860 except for the towns of Woodbury, Bethlehem and a small part of Roxbury, which are in the area code 203/area code 475 overlay. The geographical Woodbury Telephone Exchange (of the now defunct Woodbury Telephone Company) serves the two towns as well as the town of Southbury, which is in New Haven County and the small part of Roxbury. Ten digit dialing took effect for both area codes on November 14, 2009, as a result of the 203/475 overlay and the planned but not implemented 860/959 overlay.

Attractions

Education

School districts in the county follow municipal boundaries. [29]

Full K-12 Districts

Secondary-school DIstricts

(There is also a privately-endowed publicly funded secondary school, Gilbert School)

Elementary-school Districts

Private Schools [30]

Litchfield County is home to a number of historic college-preparatory boarding schools, among which are:

Several schools provide boarding facilities for younger students with educational challenges:

Private day schools:

See also

Further reading

Related Research Articles

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References

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Litchfield County, Connecticut at Wikimedia Commons

  1. "Census - Geography Profile: Litchfield County, Connecticut". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  2. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.  187.
  3. "Change to County-Equivalents in the State of Connecticut". Federal Register. Census Bureau. June 6, 2022.
  4. "CCR: Volume 10, Page 56" . Retrieved June 17, 2008.[ dead link ]
  5. The public records of the colony of Connecticut [1636-1776] ... transcribed and published, (in accordance with a resolution of the general assembly) ..., vol.10 (May 1751-Feb.1757), Page 56. HathiTrust Digital Library. Brown & Parsons. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
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