Chandragiri River | |
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![]() A view of the Chandragiri river from Kanathur, Kasaragod | |
Etymology | Chandragupta Maurya [4] |
Location | |
Country | India |
State | Kerala, Karnataka |
District | Kasaragod,Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu |
Cities | Sullia, Jalsoor, Chengala , Chemnad , Kasaragod |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Kadamakal Reserve Forest, Karnataka |
• location | Kodagu District, India |
• coordinates | 12.45495°N, 75.67224°E |
• elevation | 1290m |
Mouth | Arabian Sea |
• location | Near Thalangara, Kasaragod, India |
• coordinates | 12°28′25″N74°59′04″E / 12.4737°N 74.9845°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
Length | 105 km (65 mi) |
Discharge | |
• location | mouth |
Basin features | |
Tributaries | |
• left | Kudumbur River |
The Chandragiri River, also known as the Payaswini River in Karnataka and as the Perumpuzha River in Kerala, [1] [2] [3] is the longest river in Kasaragod district, Kerala, India. The River Is A Historical Treasure Of Chemnad. It was named after the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya. [5] [6] [7]
The river originates in the Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Kodagu district, Karnataka. It flows through towns including Sullia, Jalsoor, Parappa, Adoor, Chengala, Kasaragod, and Chemnad later flows into the Arabian Sea. In Sullia taluk, it is the major water source for domestic and agricultural purposes. Chemnad Is Considered As The Land Of Chandragiri.
The Chandragiri or Perumpuzha River is considered the traditional boundary between the Tulu Nadu and Malayalam regions of Kerala from the 14th century AD onwards; before that it was north of Kumbala. [8]
In 16th-century Portuguese geographies, the Chandragiri River is called the "Rio Cangerecora", and identified as the boundary between the "province of Canará" (Kannada-speaking coastal south Karnataka, vassal of "Bisnaga", Vijayanagara Empire) and the independent kingdoms of "Malabar" (Kerala). [9] [10]
The 17th-century Chandragiri Fort is located on the river.
The Chandragiri River originates from the northern slopes of the Greater Talacauvery National Park in the Western Ghats at the Kodagu district, Karnataka. Initially the river flows through the Malenadu region of Karnataka passing the Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary and flowing through several hilly towns in Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada like Adyadka, Biliyar, Parivarkana, Paladka, Sullia, Pilikodi and Kanyana. Chandragiri then enters Kerala and flows through several hilly towns in the eastern part of the Kasaragod district, namely Panjikkal, Kottyadi, Adhur, Poovadka, Kottamkuzhy, Bethurpuzha, Kundamkuzhy, Kolathur, Muliyar and Bovikanam. At Bovikanam its major tributary, Kudumbur River merges with Perumpuzha. Then the river enters into the Malabar plains where it flows through Thekkil, Chengala, Chattanchal, Perumbala, Chemnad and Kasaragod. The Chandragiri River empties into the Arabian Sea at Thalangara in Kasaragod town.
The River Chandragiri's largest tributary is the Kudumbur River, which joins the Payaswini on its left bank east of Chattanchal. [11]
Kodagu district is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State, at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.
Kasaragod is a municipal town and administrative headquarters of Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala, India. Established in 1966, Kasaragod was the first municipal town in the district. It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is also known as Sapta Bhasha Sangama Bhumi.
Wayanad is a district in the north-east of the Indian state of Kerala, with administrative headquarters at the municipality of Kalpetta. It is the only plateau in Kerala. The Wayanad Plateau forms a continuation of the Mysore Plateau, the southern portion of Deccan Plateau which links the Western Ghats with the Eastern Ghats. It is set high in the Western Ghats with altitudes ranging from 700 to 2,100 meters. Vellari Mala, a 2,240 m (7,349 ft) high peak situated on the trijunction of Wayanad, Malappuram, and Kozhikode districts, is the highest point in Wayanad district. The district was formed on 1 November 1980 as the 12th district in Kerala, by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts. An area of 885.92 km2 in the district is forested. Wayanad has three municipal towns—Kalpetta, Mananthavady and Sulthan Bathery. There are many indigenous tribes in this area. The Kabini River, a tributary of Kaveri River, originates at Wayanad. Wayanad district, along with the Chaliyar valley in the neighbouring Nilambur in Malappuram district, is known for natural gold fields, which are also seen in other parts of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Chaliyar river, which is the fourth longest river of Kerala, originates on the Wayanad plateau. The historically important Edakkal Caves are located in Wayanad district.
Kanara or Canara, also known as Karavali is the historically significant stretch of land situated by the southwestern coast of India, alongside the Arabian Sea in the present-day Indian state of Karnataka. The subregion comprises three civil districts, namely: Uttara Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshina Kannada. Kassergode was included prior to the States Reorganisation Act.
Kannur is one of the 14 districts along the west coast in the state of Kerala, India. The city of Kannur is the district headquarters and gives the district its name. The old name, Cannanore, is the anglicized form of the Malayalam name "Kannur". Kannur district is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north, Kozhikode district to the south, Mahé district to the southwest and Wayanad District to the southeast. To the east, the district is bounded by the Western Ghats, which forms the border with the state of Karnataka. The Arabian Sea lies to the west. Paithalmala is the highest point in Kannur District (1,372m). Enclosed within the southern part of the district is the Mahé district of the Union Territory of Puducherry. The district was established in 1957.
Dakshina Kannada district is located in the state of Karnataka in India, with its headquarters in the coastal city of Mangalore. It is part of the larger Tulu Nadu region. The district covers an area nestled in between the Western Ghats to its east and the Arabian Sea to its west. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon. It is bordered by Udupi district to the north, Chikmagalur district to the northeast, Hassan district to the east, Kodagu to the southeast and Kasaragod district of Kerala to the south. According to the 2011 census of India, Dakshina Kannada district had a population of 2,083,625. It is the only district in Karnataka state to have all modes of transport like road, rail, water and air due to the presence of a major hub, Mangalore. This financial district is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking.
Arebhashe or Aregannada or Gowda Kannada is a dialect of Kannada mainly by Gowda communities in the region Madikeri, Somwarpet, and Kushalnagar taluks of Kodagu district, Sullia, taluks of Dakshina Kannada district; Bangalore and Mysore districts in the Indian state of Karnataka. As well as Bandadka, Kasaragod District in the Indian state of Kerala, Arebhashe is also called Gowda Kannada. The language was recognized by the Karnataka State government and formed an academy in 2011 to preserve the culture and literature of the Arebhahse Region which is named as Karnataka Arebhashe Samskruthi mathu Sahitya Academy supported by then Chief Minister D. V. Sadananda Gowda.
Thodikana is an Indian village nestled in the foothills of the Western Ghats in southern Karnataka. It is in the Sullia taluk of Dakshina Kannada district, about 100 km from Mangalore city. This village has much greenery and attracts visitors with its cultural and natural sites.
Kumbla is a small town in Kasaragod district of Kerala state in India. It is located 12 km north of Kasaragod town.
Kasaragod is one of the 14 districts in the southern Indian state of Kerala. Its northern border Thalappady is located just 9 km south to Ullal, which is the southernmost portion of the major port city Mangalore, on the southwestern Malabar coast of India.
Mandekolu is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. The nearest cities are Sullia, Adoor and Kasaragod. It is located near the Karnataka-Kerala border on the banks of River Payaswini(Chandragiri), at a distance of 86 km from Mangalore city. It is located in the Sullia taluk of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka.
Sampaje is a district border village of Kodagu in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Madikeri taluk. It lies on National Highway - 275 which connects Mangalore city in Dakshina Kannada district with Madikeri, Mysuru and Bengaluru.
Tulu Nadu State movement is aimed at increasing Tulu Nadu's influence and political power through the formation of separate Tulu Nadu state from Karnataka and Kerala. Tulu Nadu is a region on the south-western coast of India. It consists of the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka and Kasargod district up to the Chandragiri river in Kerala. The Chandragiri River has traditionally been considered a boundary between Tulu Nadu and Kerala from the fourth century AD onwards. The first call for a separate Tulu Nadu state was made just after the Quit India Movement in 1942 by Srinivas Updhyaya Paniyadi, a banker and a press owner from Udupi. Mangalore is the largest and the chief city of Tulu Nadu. Tulu activists have been demanding a separate Tulu Nadu state since the late 2000s, considering language and culture as the basis for their demand.
Kasaragod or Casrod a taluk which along with Hosdurg taluk, Manjeshwaram Taluk and Vellarikundu taluk constitute the Kasaragod district, Kerala, India. Its educational center is Vidyanagar. The major areas include Kasaragod municipality, Chemnad, Bedira, and Chengala. The Central Plantation Crops Research Institute is located in the taluk.
Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency was one of the Lok Sabha constituencies in Karnataka state in southern India. With the implementation of the delimitation of parliamentary constituencies in 2008, based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002, this constituency ceased to exist.
Kasaragod District is the northernmost district in the southwestern Indian coastal state of Kerala. The district has a long history starting from pre-historic times to the modern period.
Wayanad district, which is home to Edakkal Caves, has human settlement from prehistoric era. Wayanad is the sole Plateau in Kerala. The tribal dialects of Wayanad like the Ravula language and the Paniya language are closely related to Malayalam.
The Kudumbur River is a river that flows mainly through the Kasaragod district of the Indian state of Kerala, although its source and some early sections are in the Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka. It is the largest tributary of the Payaswini River.
Shiriya River is a river flowing through the states of Karnataka and Kerala.
Uppala River flows through the states of Karnataka and Kerala. Uppala River is 50 km long, making it the 26th longest river in Kerala. It originates from the Veerakamba hills in Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka at an elevation of 150 metres above sea level, flows primarily in a westward direction, and empties into the Arabian Sea in the backwaters near the town of Uppala located about 22 km north of Kasaragod town in Kerala. The river has a catchment area of 250 km2 of which 174 km2 is in Karnataka state.