Solar eclipse of February 25, 1914

Last updated
Solar eclipse of February 25, 1914
SE1914Feb25A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma −0.9416
Magnitude 0.9248
Maximum eclipse
Duration335 s (5 min 35 s)
Coordinates 62°06′S113°18′W / 62.1°S 113.3°W / -62.1; -113.3
Max. width of band839 km (521 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse0:13:01
References
Saros 119 (60 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9313

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Tuesday, February 24 and Wednesday, February 25, 1914, [1] [2] [3] with a magnitude of 0.9248. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.3 days before apogee (on February 28, 1914, at 9:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [4]

Contents

It took place almost entirely over the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica; [2] at its widest, the shadow cast by the moon was 167 mi (269 km) wide. [2] As a result, it could be seen from small patches of land, most notably southern Patagonia and part of New Zealand. [2] [3] [5] Due to this limited visibility, the Star-Gazette of Elmira said that for readers in the United States it was "not particularly interesting from a popular perspective"; [6] the Salina Daily Union in Salina, Kansas said that "you perhaps didn't notice it". [7] It was the first of four eclipses that occurred during the year 1914. [3] [5] While its path passed over New Zealand, and some attempted to view it in Wellington, it was reported to not have been visible there due to cloud cover. [8] [9]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [10]

February 25, 1914 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1914 February 24 at 21:45:44.8 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1914 February 24 at 23:26:46.2 UTC
First Central Line1914 February 24 at 23:34:33.5 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1914 February 24 at 23:44:06.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1914 February 24 at 23:16:07.3 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1914 February 25 at 00:02:02.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1914 February 25 at 00:13:01.0 UTC
Greatest Duration1914 February 25 at 00:13:07.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1914 February 25 at 00:42:30.0 UTC
Last Central Line1914 February 25 at 00:52:04.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1914 February 25 at 00:59:52.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1914 February 25 at 02:40:43.4 UTC
February 25, 1914 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.92478
Eclipse Obscuration0.85522
Gamma−0.94158
Sun Right Ascension22h29m29.1s
Sun Declination-09°28'36.0"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'09.3"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension22h31m04.3s
Moon Declination-10°14'09.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter14'52.3"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°54'34.6"
ΔT16.2 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of February–March 1914
February 25
Ascending node (new moon)		 March 12
Descending node (full moon)
SE1914Feb25A.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1914Mar12.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 119		 Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 131

Eclipses in 1914

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 119

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1913–1917

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [11]

The partial solar eclipses on April 6, 1913 and September 30, 1913 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on December 24, 1916 (partial), June 19, 1917 (partial), and December 14, 1917 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1913 to 1917
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
114 August 31, 1913
SE1913Aug31P.png
Partial		1.4512119 February 25, 1914
SE1914Feb25A.png
Annular		−0.9416
124 August 21, 1914
SE1914Aug21T.png
Total		0.7655129 February 14, 1915
SE1915Feb14A.png
Annular		−0.2024
134 August 10, 1915
SE1915Aug10A.png
Annular		0.0124139
Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916 (cropped).png 		February 3, 1916
SE1916Feb03T.png
Total		0.4987
144 July 30, 1916
SE1916Jul30A.png
Annular		−0.7709149 January 23, 1917
SE1917Jan23P.png
Partial		1.1508
154 July 19, 1917
SE1917Jul19P.png
Partial		−1.5101

Saros 119

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 119, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 15, 850 AD. It contains total eclipses on August 9, 994 AD and August 20, 1012; a hybrid eclipse on August 31, 1030; and annular eclipses from September 10, 1048 through March 18, 1950. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on June 24, 2112. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 10 at 32 seconds on August 20, 1012, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 44 at 7 minutes, 37 seconds on September 1, 1625. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [12]

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 13, 1898 and July 20, 1982
December 13–14October 1–2July 20–21May 9February 24–25
111113115117119
SE1898Dec13P.gif
December 13, 1898		 SE1906Jul21P.png
July 21, 1906 		SE1910May09T.png
May 9, 1910 		SE1914Feb25A.png
February 25, 1914
121123125127129
SE1917Dec14A.png
December 14, 1917 		SE1921Oct01T.png
October 1, 1921 		SE1925Jul20A.png
July 20, 1925 		SE1929May09T.png
May 9, 1929 		SE1933Feb24A.png
February 24, 1933
131133135137139
SE1936Dec13A.png
December 13, 1936 		SE1940Oct01T.png
October 1, 1940 		SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944 		SE1948May09A.png
May 9, 1948 		SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
141143145147149
SE1955Dec14A.png
December 14, 1955 		SE1959Oct02T.png
October 2, 1959 		SE1963Jul20T.png
July 20, 1963 		SE1967May09P.png
May 9, 1967 		SE1971Feb25P.png
February 25, 1971
151153155
SE1974Dec13P.png
December 13, 1974 		SE1978Oct02P.png
October 2, 1978 		SE1982Jul20P.png
July 20, 1982

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1805Jan01P.gif
January 1, 1805
(Saros 109)		 SE1826Oct31P.gif
October 31, 1826
(Saros 111)		 SE1848Aug28P.gif
August 28, 1848
(Saros 113)
SE1859Jul29P.gif
July 29, 1859
(Saros 114)		 SE1870Jun28P.gif
June 28, 1870
(Saros 115)		 SE1881May27P.gif
May 27, 1881
(Saros 116)		 SE1892Apr26T.png
April 26, 1892
(Saros 117)		 SE1903Mar29A.png
March 29, 1903
(Saros 118)
SE1914Feb25A.png
February 25, 1914
(Saros 119)		 SE1925Jan24T.png
January 24, 1925
(Saros 120)		 SE1935Dec25A.png
December 25, 1935
(Saros 121)		 SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
(Saros 122)		 SE1957Oct23T.png
October 23, 1957
(Saros 123)
SE1968Sep22T.png
September 22, 1968
(Saros 124)		 SE1979Aug22A.png
August 22, 1979
(Saros 125)		 SE1990Jul22T.png
July 22, 1990
(Saros 126)		 SE2001Jun21T.png
June 21, 2001
(Saros 127)		 SE2012May20A.png
May 20, 2012
(Saros 128)
SE2023Apr20H.png
April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)		 SE2034Mar20T.png
March 20, 2034
(Saros 130)		 SE2045Feb16A.png
February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)		 SE2056Jan16A.png
January 16, 2056
(Saros 132)		 SE2066Dec17T.png
December 17, 2066
(Saros 133)
SE2077Nov15A.png
November 15, 2077
(Saros 134)		 SE2088Oct14A.png
October 14, 2088
(Saros 135)		 SE2099Sep14T.png
September 14, 2099
(Saros 136)		 SE2110Aug15A.png
August 15, 2110
(Saros 137)		 SE2121Jul14A.png
July 14, 2121
(Saros 138)
SE2132Jun13T.png
June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)		 SE2143May14A.png
May 14, 2143
(Saros 140)		 SE2154Apr12A.png
April 12, 2154
(Saros 141)		 SE2165Mar12T.png
March 12, 2165
(Saros 142)		 SE2176Feb10A.png
February 10, 2176
(Saros 143)
SE2187Jan09A.png
January 9, 2187
(Saros 144)		 SE2197Dec09T.png
December 9, 2197
(Saros 145)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1827Apr26A.gif
April 26, 1827
(Saros 116)		 SE1856Apr05T.gif
April 5, 1856
(Saros 117)		 SE1885Mar16A.gif
March 16, 1885
(Saros 118)
SE1914Feb25A.png
February 25, 1914
(Saros 119)		 SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943
(Saros 120)		 SE1972Jan16A.png
January 16, 1972
(Saros 121)
SE2000Dec25P.png
December 25, 2000
(Saros 122)		 SE2029Dec05P.png
December 5, 2029
(Saros 123)		 SE2058Nov16P.png
November 16, 2058
(Saros 124)
SE2087Oct26P.png
October 26, 2087
(Saros 125)		 Saros126 53van72 SE2116Oct06P.jpg
October 6, 2116
(Saros 126)		 Saros127 65van82 SE2145Sep16P.jpg
September 16, 2145
(Saros 127)
Saros128 67van73 SE2174Aug27P.jpg
August 27, 2174
(Saros 128)

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References

  1. ↑ "February 24–25, 1914 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "ECLIPSES OF 1914". The Washington Herald. Washington, District of Columbia. 1914-02-26. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-11-11– via Newspapers.com.
  3. 1 2 3 "AN ECLIPSE OF SUN TOMORROW". The Butte Daily Post. Butte, Montana. 1914-02-23. p. 12. Retrieved 2023-11-11– via Newspapers.com.
  4. ↑ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  5. 1 2 "Down in Patagonia and the Southeastern Coast of New Zealant Annular Eclipse of the Sun Is Visible". The Missoula Sentinel. Missoula, Montana. 1914-02-25. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-11-11– via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ "Moon Eclipses Sun Is Not Visible Here". Star-Gazette. Elmira, New York. 1914-02-23. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-11-11– via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". The Salina Daily Union. Salina, Kansas. 1914-02-25. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-11-11– via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. 1914-02-26. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-11-11– via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ "Clouds obscure eclipse". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 1914-02-26. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-11-11– via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1914 Feb 25". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  11. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  12. ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 119". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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