Solar eclipse of November 11, 1863

Last updated
Solar eclipse of November 11, 1863
SE1863Nov11A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma −0.876
Magnitude 0.9943
Maximum eclipse
Duration22 s (0 min 22 s)
Coordinates 75°24′S15°06′E / 75.4°S 15.1°E / -75.4; 15.1
Max. width of band42 km (26 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse8:09:03
References
Saros 121 (52 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9196

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, November 11, 1863, with a magnitude of 0.9943. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.7 days before perigee (on November 15, 1863, at 12:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [1]

Contents

The path of annularity was visible from parts of Antarctica. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Southern Africa, Antarctica, and southern Australia.

Description

The eclipse took place in Africa including Namacqualand (then also South-West Africa, now Namibia), Bechuanaland (now Botswana) South Africa (which included the British colonies and the Boer states at the time), Basutoland (parts now Lesotho), Zululand (now part of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) and portions of Swaziland. The rest took place in the South Atlantic up to hundreds of kilometers (or miles) offshore from South America except for Tierra del Fuego which was included and included the islands, the Indian Ocean, all of Antarctica which many areas had a 24-hour daylight that time, the southernmost areas of Australia along with Tasmania and the southernmost parts of the Pacific Ocean.

As the moon moved towards the left on Earth in Africa, at the peninsular portion, it was seen as it was moved towards the bottom right, then right then top as the axis spun at around the 71st parallel south.

The eclipse started at sunrise close to South America and finished at sunset in Australia, 70% at the Antarctic shores at the Indian Ocean.

It showed up to 30% obscuration in the area of Cape Town and Cape Agulhas up to 99% inside the maximum width of band. The greatest eclipse was in the middle of Antarctica east of the Prime Meridian at 75.4 S, 15.1 E at 8:09 UTC (9:09 AM local time) and lasted for 22 seconds, the maximum width of band was only 42 km (26 miles), the view around it was partly dark even inside the clouds. [2]

The subsolar marking was east of Madagascar and close to the Mascarene Islands.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [3]

November 11, 1863 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1863 November 11 at 05:50:20.4 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1863 November 11 at 07:16:14.8 UTC
First Central Line1863 November 11 at 07:17:07.6 UTC
Greatest Duration1863 November 11 at 07:17:07.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1863 November 11 at 07:18:01.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1863 November 11 at 07:59:38.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1863 November 11 at 08:09:02.9 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1863 November 11 at 08:26:28.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1863 November 11 at 08:59:54.9 UTC
Last Central Line1863 November 11 at 09:00:45.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1863 November 11 at 09:01:35.7 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1863 November 11 at 10:27:32.0 UTC
November 11, 1863 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.99433
Eclipse Obscuration0.98868
Gamma−0.87594
Sun Right Ascension15h04m02.6s
Sun Declination-17°20'12.6"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'09.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension15h03m23.8s
Moon Declination-18°10'30.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'57.1"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°58'32.5"
ΔT6.8 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of November 1863
November 11
Ascending node (new moon)
November 25
Descending node (full moon)
SE1863Nov11A.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 121
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 133

Eclipses in 1863

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 121

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1862–1866

This eclipse is a member of a semester series . An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [4]

The partial solar eclipses on June 27, 1862 and December 21, 1862 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on March 16, 1866 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1862 to 1866
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
111November 21, 1862
SE1862Nov21P.gif
Partial
−1.5052116May 17, 1863
SE1863May17P.gif
Partial
1.0627
121 November 11, 1863
SE1863Nov11A.png
Annular
−0.8760126May 6, 1864
SE1864May06H.gif
Hybrid
0.2622
131October 30, 1864
SE1864Oct30A.gif
Annular
−0.1816136 April 25, 1865
SE1865Apr25T.png
Total
−0.4826
141 October 19, 1865
SE1865Oct19A.png
Annular
0.5366146April 15, 1866
SE1866Apr15P.gif
Partial
−1.1846
151October 8, 1866
SE1866Oct08P.gif
Partial
1.2296

Saros 121

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 121, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 25, 944 AD. It contains total eclipses from July 10, 1070 through October 9, 1809; hybrid eclipses on October 20, 1827 and October 30, 1845; and annular eclipses from November 11, 1863 through February 28, 2044. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on June 7, 2206. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 6 minutes, 20 seconds on June 21, 1629, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on February 28, 2044. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [5]

Series members 49–70 occur between 1801 and 2200:
495051
SE1809Oct09T.gif
October 9, 1809
SE1827Oct20H.gif
October 20, 1827
SE1845Oct30H.gif
October 30, 1845
525354
SE1863Nov11A.gif
November 11, 1863
SE1881Nov21A.png
November 21, 1881
SE1899Dec03A.png
December 3, 1899
555657
SE1917Dec14A.png
December 14, 1917
SE1935Dec25A.png
December 25, 1935
SE1954Jan05A.png
January 5, 1954
585960
SE1972Jan16A.png
January 16, 1972
SE1990Jan26A.png
January 26, 1990
SE2008Feb07A.png
February 7, 2008
616263
SE2026Feb17A.png
February 17, 2026
SE2044Feb28A.png
February 28, 2044
SE2062Mar11P.png
March 11, 2062
646566
SE2080Mar21P.png
March 21, 2080
SE2098Apr01P.png
April 1, 2098
Saros121 66van71 SE2116Apr13P.jpg
April 13, 2116
676869
Saros121 67van71 SE2134Apr24P.jpg
April 24, 2134
Saros121 68van71 SE2152May04P.jpg
May 4, 2152
Saros121 69van71 SE2170May16P.jpg
May 16, 2170
70
Saros121 70van71 SE2188May26P.jpg
May 26, 2188

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

25 eclipse events between April 5, 1837 and June 17, 1928
April 5–6January 22–23November 10–11August 28–30June 17–18
107109111113115
SE1837Apr05P.png
April 5, 1837
SE1841Jan22P.gif
January 22, 1841
SE1844Nov10P.gif
November 10, 1844
SE1848Aug28P.gif
August 28, 1848
SE1852Jun17P.gif
June 17, 1852
117119121123125
SE1856Apr05T.gif
April 5, 1856
SE1860Jan23A.gif
January 23, 1860
SE1863Nov11A.gif
November 11, 1863
SE1867Aug29T.gif
August 29, 1867
SE1871Jun18A.gif
June 18, 1871
127129131133135
SE1875Apr06T.gif
April 6, 1875
SE1879Jan22A.gif
January 22, 1879
SE1882Nov10A.gif
November 10, 1882
SE1886Aug29T.png
August 29, 1886
SE1890Jun17A.gif
June 17, 1890
137139141143145
SE1894Apr06H.gif
April 6, 1894
SE1898Jan22T.png
January 22, 1898
SE1901Nov11A.png
November 11, 1901
SE1905Aug30T.png
August 30, 1905
SE1909Jun17H.png
June 17, 1909
147149151153155
SE1913Apr06P.png
April 6, 1913
SE1917Jan23P.png
January 23, 1917
SE1920Nov10P.png
November 10, 1920
SE1924Aug30P.png
August 30, 1924
SE1928Jun17P.png
June 17, 1928

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1809Apr14A.gif
April 14, 1809
(Saros 116)
SE1820Mar14T.gif
March 14, 1820
(Saros 117)
SE1831Feb12A.gif
February 12, 1831
(Saros 118)
SE1842Jan11A.gif
January 11, 1842
(Saros 119)
SE1852Dec11T.gif
December 11, 1852
(Saros 120)
SE1863Nov11A.png
November 11, 1863
(Saros 121)
SE1874Oct10An.gif
October 10, 1874
(Saros 122)
SE1885Sep08T.png
September 8, 1885
(Saros 123)
SE1896Aug09T.png
August 9, 1896
(Saros 124)
SE1907Jul10A.png
July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)
SE1918Jun08T.png
June 8, 1918
(Saros 126)
SE1929May09T.png
May 9, 1929
(Saros 127)
SE1940Apr07A.png
April 7, 1940
(Saros 128)
SE1951Mar07A.png
March 7, 1951
(Saros 129)
SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962
(Saros 130)
SE1973Jan04A.png
January 4, 1973
(Saros 131)
SE1983Dec04A.png
December 4, 1983
(Saros 132)
SE1994Nov03T.png
November 3, 1994
(Saros 133)
SE2005Oct03A.png
October 3, 2005
(Saros 134)
SE2016Sep01A.png
September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)
SE2027Aug02T.png
August 2, 2027
(Saros 136)
SE2038Jul02A.png
July 2, 2038
(Saros 137)
SE2049May31A.png
May 31, 2049
(Saros 138)
SE2060Apr30T.png
April 30, 2060
(Saros 139)
SE2071Mar31A.png
March 31, 2071
(Saros 140)
SE2082Feb27A.png
February 27, 2082
(Saros 141)
SE2093Jan27T.png
January 27, 2093
(Saros 142)
SE2103Dec29A.png
December 29, 2103
(Saros 143)
SE2114Nov27A.png
November 27, 2114
(Saros 144)
SE2125Oct26T.png
October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)
SE2136Sep26T.png
September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)
Saros147 30van80 SE2147Aug26A.jpg
August 26, 2147
(Saros 147)
SE2158Jul25T.png
July 25, 2158
(Saros 148)
Saros149 29van71 SE2169Jun25T.jpg
June 25, 2169
(Saros 149)
Saros150 26van71 SE2180May24A.jpg
May 24, 2180
(Saros 150)
SE2191Apr23A.png
April 23, 2191
(Saros 151)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1805Dec21A.gif
December 21, 1805
(Saros 119)
SE1834Nov30T.gif
November 30, 1834
(Saros 120)
SE1863Nov11A.png
November 11, 1863
(Saros 121)
SE1892Oct20P.gif
October 20, 1892
(Saros 122)
SE1921Oct01T.png
October 1, 1921
(Saros 123)
SE1950Sep12T.png
September 12, 1950
(Saros 124)
SE1979Aug22A.png
August 22, 1979
(Saros 125)
SE2008Aug01T.png
August 1, 2008
(Saros 126)
SE2037Jul13T.png
July 13, 2037
(Saros 127)
SE2066Jun22A.png
June 22, 2066
(Saros 128)
SE2095Jun02T.png
June 2, 2095
(Saros 129)
SE2124May14T.png
May 14, 2124
(Saros 130)
SE2153Apr23A.png
April 23, 2153
(Saros 131)
SE2182Apr03H.png
April 3, 2182
(Saros 132)

See also

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References

  1. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  2. "Solar eclipse of June 27, 1862". NASA. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
  3. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1863 Nov 11". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  4. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 121". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.