List of current cardinals

Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. They are typically ordained bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are chosen by the pope and formally created in a consistory, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant ( sede vacante ), following the death or resignation of a pope. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. ^{[1] [2]}

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (1996), only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope. ^[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinals may take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinal electors, ^[3] a number that has often been exceeded. ^[4] Cardinals may be created in pectore (lit. 'in the breast'), in which case the pope does not reveal their identities; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published by the pope. The creations of any such cardinals whose names have not been revealed before the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse. ^{[1] [5]}

As of 8 September 2025, ^[update] there are 248 cardinals, 128 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 7 December 2024, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors. ^[6] Vinko Puljić was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 8 September 2025; Antonio Cañizares Llovera will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 14 October 2025. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Estanislao Esteban Karlic on 8 August 2025, at the age of 99. ^[7]

Orders of the College of Cardinals, and order of precedence

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence: ^[1]

1. Cardinal bishops  (CB): six cardinals who are chosen by the pope to be titular bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome, plus a few additional cardinals who have been exceptionally "co-opted" as cardinal bishops, ^{[8] [9]} as well as patriarchs who lead one of the Eastern Catholic Churches. ^{[a] [11] [12]} The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) from among themselves with papal approval, are the dean and the vice dean, ^[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is presently Pietro Parolin. ^[b]
2. Cardinal priests  (CP): bishops and archbishops, typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to become cardinal priests. ^[13] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is presently Peter Turkson. ^[b]
3. Cardinal deacons  (CD): bishops and archbishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation from the normal requirement that a person must be consecrated a bishop before becoming a cardinal. A cardinal deacon may opt (Latin : optatio) to become a cardinal priest after having served as a cardinal deacon for ten years. ^{[1] [14]} The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors. The junior cardinal deacon among the electors is presently George Koovakad. ^[b]

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in pastoral ministry are classified under the country in which their respective dioceses are located, although they may be citizens of another country.

Cardinals: listed in order of precedence

This list is complete and up to date as of 8 September 2025. ^[update]

* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave

Rank	Name	Country	Born	Order	Consistory	Office	Ref.
1	Giovanni Battista Re*	Italy	30 January 1934 (age 91)	CB	21 February 2001 [i] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops (Dean)	[16]
2	Leonardo Sandri*	Argentina	18 November 1943 (age 81)	CB	24 November 2007 [ii] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches (Vice Dean)	[17]
3	Francis Arinze*	Nigeria	1 November 1932 (age 92)	CB	25 May 1985 [iii] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments	[18]
4	Tarcisio Bertone SDB *	Italy	2 December 1934 (age 90)	CB	21 October 2003 [iv] John Paul II	Secretary of State emeritus of His Holiness and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church	[19]
5	José Saraiva Martins CMF *	Portugal	6 January 1932 (age 93)	CB	21 February 2001 [v] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints	[20]
6	Pietro Parolin	Italy	17 January 1955 (age 70)	CB	22 February 2014 [vi] Francis	Secretary of State of His Holiness [c]	[22]
7	Marc Ouellet PSS *	Canada	8 June 1944 (age 81)	CB	21 October 2003 [vi] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Bishops	[23]
8	Fernando Filoni	Italy	15 April 1946 (age 79)	CB	18 February 2012 [vii] Benedict XVI	Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre	[24]
9	Beniamino Stella*	Italy	18 August 1941 (age 84)	CB	22 February 2014 [viii] Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy	[25]
10	Luis Antonio Tagle	Philippines	21 June 1957 (age 68)	CB	24 November 2012 [ix] Benedict XVI	Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization [c]	[26]
11	Bechara Boutros al-Rahi OMM *	Lebanon	25 February 1940 (age 85)	CB	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Patriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church)	[27]
12	Louis Raphaël I Sako	Iraq	4 July 1948 (age 77)	CB	28 June 2018 Francis	Patriarch of Baghdad (Chaldean Church)	[28]
13	Michael Michai Kitbunchu*	Thailand	25 January 1929 (age 96)	CP	2 February 1983 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok	[29]
14	Paul Poupard*	France	30 August 1930 (age 95)	CP	25 May 1985 [x] John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue	[30]
15	Friedrich Wetter*	Germany	20 February 1928 (age 97)	CP	25 May 1985 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising	[31]
16	Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez*	Dominican Republic	31 October 1936 (age 88)	CP	28 June 1991 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo	[32]
17	Roger Mahony*	United States	27 February 1936 (age 89)	CP	28 June 1991 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles	[33]
18	Camillo Ruini*	Italy	19 February 1931 (age 94)	CP	28 June 1991 John Paul II	Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran	[34]
19	Julius Darmaatmadja SJ *	Indonesia	20 December 1934 (age 90)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta	[35]
20	Emmanuel Wamala*	Uganda	15 December 1926 (age 98)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Kampala	[36]
21	Adam Maida*	United States	18 March 1930 (age 95)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Detroit	[37]
22	Vinko Puljić*	Bosnia and Herzegovina	8 September 1945 (age 80)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna	[38]
23	Juan Sandoval Íñiguez*	Mexico	28 March 1933 (age 92)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara	[39]
24	James Stafford*	United States	26 July 1932 (age 93)	CP	21 February 1998 [xi] John Paul II	Major Penitentiary emeritus	[40]
25	Salvatore De Giorgi*	Italy	6 September 1930 (age 95)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Palermo	[41]
26	Antonio María Rouco Varela*	Spain	20 August 1936 (age 89)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Madrid	[42]
27	Polycarp Pengo*	Tanzania	5 August 1944 (age 81)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Dar-es-Salaam	[43]
28	Christoph Schönborn OP *	Austria [d]	22 January 1945 (age 80)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Vienna	[44]
29	Norberto Rivera Carrera*	Mexico	6 June 1942 (age 83)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Mexico	[45]
30	Jānis Pujats*	Latvia	14 November 1930 (age 94)	CP	21 February 1998 [e] John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Riga	[46]
31	Crescenzio Sepe*	Italy	2 June 1943 (age 82)	CP	21 February 2001 [xii] John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Naples	[47]
32	Walter Kasper*	Germany	5 March 1933 (age 92)	CP	21 February 2001 [xiii] John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity	[48]
33	Audrys Bačkis*	Lithuania	1 February 1937 (age 88)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius	[49]
34	Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch *	Chile	5 September 1933 (age 92)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile	[50]
35	Wilfrid Napier OFM *	South Africa	8 March 1941 (age 84)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Durban	[51]
36	Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB *	Honduras	29 December 1942 (age 82)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator emeritus of the Council of Cardinals	[52]
37	Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne*	Peru	28 December 1943 (age 81)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Lima	[53]
38	Julián Herranz Casado*	Spain	31 March 1930 (age 95)	CP	21 October 2003 [xiv] John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts	[54]
39	Angelo Scola*	Italy	7 November 1941 (age 83)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Milan	[55]
40	Anthony Olubunmi Okogie*	Nigeria	16 June 1936 (age 89)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Lagos	[56]
41	Gabriel Zubeir Wako*	Sudan	27 February 1941 (age 84)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum	[57]
42	Justin Rigali*	United States	19 April 1935 (age 90)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia	[58]
43	Ennio Antonelli*	Italy	18 November 1936 (age 88)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family	[59]
44	Peter Turkson	Ghana	11 October 1948 (age 76)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences	[60]
45	Josip Bozanić	Croatia	20 March 1949 (age 76)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Zagreb	[61]
46	Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn*	Vietnam	5 March 1934 (age 91)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City	[62]
47	Philippe Barbarin	France	17 October 1950 (age 74)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Lyon	[63]
48	Péter Erdő	Hungary	25 June 1952 (age 73)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest	[64]
49	Franc Rodé CM *	Slovenia	23 September 1934 (age 90)	CP	24 March 2006 [xv] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life	[65]
50	Agostino Vallini*	Italy	17 April 1940 (age 85)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Pontifical Legate emeritus for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi	[66]
51	Gaudencio Borbon Rosales*	Philippines	10 August 1932 (age 93)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Manila	[67]
52	Jean-Pierre Ricard*	France	25 September 1944 (age 80)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux	[68]
53	Antonio Cañizares Llovera	Spain	15 October 1945 (age 79)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Valencia	[69]
54	Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap *	United States	29 June 1944 (age 81)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Boston and President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors	[70]
55	Stanisław Dziwisz*	Poland	27 April 1939 (age 86)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Kraków	[71]
56	Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB *	China (Hong Kong) [f]	13 January 1932 (age 93)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong	[72]
57	Giovanni Lajolo*	Italy	3 January 1935 (age 90)	CP	24 November 2007 [xvi] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	[73]
58	Angelo Comastri*	Italy	17 September 1943 (age 81)	CP	24 November 2007 [xvi] Benedict XVI	Vicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter	[74]
59	Stanisław Ryłko*	Poland	4 July 1945 (age 80)	CP	24 November 2007 [xvi] Benedict XVI	Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	[75]
60	Raffaele Farina SDB *	Italy	24 September 1933 (age 91)	CP	24 November 2007 [xvi] Benedict XVI	Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church	[76]
61	Seán Brady*	Ireland [g]	16 August 1939 (age 86)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Armagh	[77]
62	Lluís Martínez i Sistach*	Spain	29 April 1937 (age 88)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona	[78]
63	Angelo Bagnasco*	Italy	14 January 1943 (age 82)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Genoa	[79]
64	Théodore-Adrien Sarr*	Senegal	28 November 1936 (age 88)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Dakar	[80]
65	Oswald Gracias*	India	24 December 1944 (age 80)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Bombay	[81]
66	Francisco Robles Ortega	Mexico	2 March 1949 (age 76)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Guadalajara	[82]
67	Daniel DiNardo	United States	23 May 1949 (age 76)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Galveston–Houston	[83]
68	Odilo Scherer	Brazil	21 September 1949 (age 75)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of São Paulo	[84]
69	John Njue	Kenya	1 January 1946 [h] (age 79)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi	[85]
70	Robert Sarah*	Guinea	15 June 1945 (age 80)	CP	20 November 2010 [xvii] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments	[87]
71	Francesco Monterisi*	Italy	28 May 1934 (age 91)	CP	20 November 2010 [xvii] Benedict XVI	Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	[88]
72	Raymond Leo Burke	United States	30 June 1948 (age 77)	CP	20 November 2010 [xvii] Benedict XVI	Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta	[89]
73	Kurt Koch	Switzerland	15 March 1950 (age 75)	CP	20 November 2010 [xvii] Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity [c]	[90]
74	Mauro Piacenza*	Italy	15 September 1944 (age 80)	CP	20 November 2010 [xvii] Benedict XVI	Major Penitentiary emeritus	[91]
75	Gianfranco Ravasi*	Italy	18 October 1942 (age 82)	CP	20 November 2010 [xvii] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture	[92]
76	Paolo Romeo*	Italy	20 February 1938 (age 87)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Palermo	[93]
77	Donald Wuerl*	United States	12 November 1940 (age 84)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Washington	[94]
78	Raymundo Damasceno Assis*	Brazil	15 February 1937 (age 88)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida	[95]
79	Kazimierz Nycz	Poland	1 February 1950 (age 75)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw	[96]
80	Malcolm Ranjith	Sri Lanka	15 November 1947 (age 77)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Colombo	[97]
81	Reinhard Marx	Germany	21 September 1953 (age 71)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy [c]	[98]
82	Walter Brandmüller*	Germany	5 January 1929 (age 96)	CP	20 November 2010 [xvii] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences	[99]
83	Manuel Monteiro de Castro*	Portugal	29 March 1938 (age 87)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	Major Penitentiary emeritus	[100]
84	Santos Abril y Castelló*	Spain	21 September 1935 (age 89)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	[101]
85	Antonio Maria Vegliò*	Italy	3 February 1938 (age 87)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People	[102]
86	Giuseppe Bertello*	Italy	1 October 1942 (age 82)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	[103]
87	Francesco Coccopalmerio*	Italy	6 March 1938 (age 87)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts	[104]
88	João Braz de Aviz	Brazil	24 April 1947 (age 78)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life	[105]
89	Edwin Frederick O'Brien*	United States	8 April 1939 (age 86)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre	[106]
90	Domenico Calcagno*	Italy	3 February 1943 (age 82)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See	[107]
91	Giuseppe Versaldi*	Italy	30 July 1943 (age 82)	CP	18 February 2012 [xviii] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education	[108]
92	George Alencherry*	India	19 April 1945 (age 80)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Church)	[109]
93	Thomas Collins	Canada	16 January 1947 (age 78)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Toronto	[110]
94	Dominik Duka OP *	Czech Republic	26 April 1943 (age 82)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Prague	[111]
95	Wim Eijk	Netherlands	22 June 1953 (age 72)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Utrecht	[112]
96	Giuseppe Betori	Italy	25 February 1947 (age 78)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Florence	[113]
97	Timothy M. Dolan	United States	6 February 1950 (age 75)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of New York	[114]
98	Rainer Woelki	Germany	18 August 1956 (age 69)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Cologne	[115]
99	John Tong Hon*	China (Hong Kong) [f]	31 July 1939 (age 86)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong	[116]
100	Lucian Mureșan*	Romania	23 May 1931 (age 94)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia (Romanian Greek Church)	[117]
101	James Michael Harvey	United States	20 October 1949 (age 75)	CP	24 November 2012 [xix] Benedict XVI	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	[118]
102	Baselios Cleemis	India	15 June 1959 (age 66)	CP	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara Church)	[119]
103	John Onaiyekan*	Nigeria	29 January 1944 (age 81)	CP	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Abuja	[120]
104	Rubén Salazar Gómez*	Colombia	22 September 1942 (age 82)	CP	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá	[121]
105	Lorenzo Baldisseri*	Italy	29 September 1940 (age 84)	CP	22 February 2014 [xix] Francis	Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops	[122]
106	Gerhard Ludwig Müller	Germany	31 December 1947 (age 77)	CP	22 February 2014 [xix] Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith	[123]
107	Vincent Nichols	United Kingdom	8 November 1945 (age 79)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of Westminster	[124]
108	Leopoldo Brenes	Nicaragua	7 March 1949 (age 76)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of Managua	[125]
109	Gérald Lacroix ISPX	Canada	27 July 1957 (age 68)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of Quebec	[126]
110	Jean-Pierre Kutwa	Ivory Coast	22 December 1945 (age 79)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Abidjan	[127]
111	Orani João Tempesta OCist	Brazil	23 June 1950 (age 75)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro	[128]
112	Gualtiero Bassetti*	Italy	7 April 1942 (age 83)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Perugia–Città della Pieve	[129]
113	Mario Aurelio Poli	Argentina	29 November 1947 (age 77)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires	[130]
114	Andrew Yeom Soo-jung*	South Korea	5 December 1943 (age 81)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Seoul	[131]
115	Ricardo Ezzati SDB *	Chile [i]	7 January 1942 (age 83)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile	[132]
116	Philippe Ouédraogo	Burkina Faso	31 December 1945 [j] (age 79)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou	[134]
117	Orlando Quevedo OMI *	Philippines	11 March 1939 (age 86)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato	[135]
118	Chibly Langlois	Haiti	29 November 1958 (age 66)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Bishop of Les Cayes	[136]
119	Manuel Clemente	Portugal	16 July 1948 (age 77)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon	[137]
120	Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM	Ethiopia	14 July 1948 (age 77)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop of Addis Abeba (Ethiopian Church)	[138]
121	John Dew	New Zealand	5 May 1948 (age 77)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Wellington	[139]
122	Edoardo Menichelli*	Italy	14 October 1939 (age 85)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Ancona–Osimo	[140]
123	Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn*	Vietnam	1 April 1938 (age 87)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi	[141]
124	Alberto Suárez Inda*	Mexico	30 January 1939 (age 86)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Morelia	[142]
125	Charles Maung Bo SDB	Myanmar	29 October 1948 (age 76)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop of Yangon	[143]
126	Kriengsak Kovitvanit	Thailand	27 June 1949 (age 76)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok	[144]
127	Francesco Montenegro	Italy	22 May 1946 (age 79)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento	[145]
128	Daniel Sturla SDB	Uruguay	4 July 1959 (age 66)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop of Montevideo	[146]
129	Ricardo Blázquez*	Spain	13 April 1942 (age 83)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Valladolid	[147]
130	José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR *	Panama [k]	24 February 1944 (age 81)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop emeritus of David	[148]
131	Arlindo Gomes Furtado	Cape Verde	15 November 1949 (age 75)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde	[149]
132	Soane Patita Paini Mafi	Tonga	19 December 1961 (age 63)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop of Tonga	[150]
133	Luis Héctor Villalba*	Argentina	11 October 1934 (age 90)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán	[151]
134	Júlio Duarte Langa*	Mozambique	27 October 1927 (age 97)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai	[152]
135	Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp	Central African Republic	14 March 1967 (age 58)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Bangui	[153]
136	Carlos Osoro Sierra*	Spain	16 May 1945 (age 80)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Madrid	[154]
137	Sérgio da Rocha	Brazil	21 October 1959 (age 65)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia	[155]
138	Blase J. Cupich	United States	19 March 1949 (age 76)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Chicago	[156]
139	Patrick D'Rozario CSC *	Bangladesh	1 October 1943 (age 81)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka	[157]
140	Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo*	Venezuela	10 October 1944 (age 80)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Caracas	[158]
141	Jozef De Kesel	Belgium	17 June 1947 (age 78)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels	[159]
142	Maurice Piat CSSp *	Mauritius	19 July 1941 (age 84)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Bishop emeritus of Port-Louis	[160]
143	Carlos Aguiar Retes	Mexico	9 January 1950 (age 75)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Mexico	[161]
144	John Ribat MSC	Papua New Guinea	9 February 1957 (age 68)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Port Moresby	[162]
145	Joseph W. Tobin CSsR	United States	3 May 1952 (age 73)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Newark	[163]
146	Jean Zerbo*	Mali	27 December 1943 (age 81)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Bamako	[164]
147	Juan José Omella	Spain	21 April 1946 (age 79)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Archbishop of Barcelona	[165]
148	Anders Arborelius OCD	Sweden	24 September 1949 (age 75)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Bishop of Stockholm	[166]
149	Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD*	Laos	8 April 1944 (age 81)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Apostolic Vicar emeritus of Vientiane	[167]
150	Gregorio Rosa Chávez*	El Salvador	3 September 1942 (age 83)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of San Salvador	[168]
151	Angelo De Donatis	Italy	4 January 1954 (age 71)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Major Penitentiary	[169]
152	Joseph Coutts*	Pakistan	21 July 1945 (age 80)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Karachi	[170]
153	António Marto	Portugal	5 May 1947 (age 78)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Bishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima	[171]
154	Pedro Barreto SJ *	Peru	12 February 1944 (age 81)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Huancayo	[172]
155	Désiré Tsarahazana	Madagascar	13 June 1954 (age 71)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop of Toamasina	[173]
156	Giuseppe Petrocchi	Italy	19 August 1948 (age 77)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of L'Aquila	[174]
157	Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda	Japan	3 March 1949 (age 76)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu	[175]
158	Toribio Ticona Porco*	Bolivia	25 April 1937 (age 88)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Bishop Prelate emeritus of Corocoro	[176]
159	Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo	Indonesia	9 July 1950 (age 75)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Jakarta	[177]
160	Juan García Rodríguez	Cuba	11 July 1948 (age 77)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana	[178]
161	Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap	Democratic Republic of the Congo	24 January 1960 (age 65)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Kinshasa	[179]
162	Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ	Luxembourg	9 August 1958 (age 67)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Luxembourg	[180]
163	Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri	Guatemala	16 July 1947 (age 78)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Bishop of Huehuetenango	[181]
164	Matteo Zuppi	Italy	11 October 1955 (age 69)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Bologna	[182]
165	Cristóbal López Romero SDB	Morocco [l]	19 May 1952 (age 73)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Rabat	[183]
166	Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ *	Lithuania	7 November 1938 (age 86)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas	[184]
167	Antoine Kambanda	Rwanda	10 November 1958 (age 66)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop of Kigali	[185]
168	Wilton Daniel Gregory	United States	7 December 1947 (age 77)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Washington	[186]
169	Jose Advincula OP	Philippines	30 March 1952 (age 73)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop of Manila	[187]
170	Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap *	Chile [m]	6 April 1945 (age 80)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile	[188]
171	Augusto Paolo Lojudice	Italy	1 July 1964 (age 61)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza	[189]
172	Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel*	Mexico	1 May 1940 (age 85)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas	[190]
173	Jean-Marc Aveline	France	26 December 1958 (age 66)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Marseille	[191]
174	Peter Okpaleke	Nigeria	1 March 1963 (age 62)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Bishop of Ekwulobia	[192]
175	Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFM	Brazil	6 November 1950 (age 74)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Manaus	[193]
176	Filipe Neri Ferrão	India	20 January 1953 (age 72)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies	[194]
177	Robert W. McElroy	United States	5 February 1954 (age 71)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Washington	[195]
178	Virgílio do Carmo da Silva SDB	East Timor	27 November 1967 (age 57)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Díli	[196]
179	Oscar Cantoni	Italy	1 September 1950 (age 75)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Bishop of Como	[197]
180	Anthony Poola	India	15 November 1961 (age 63)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Hyderabad	[198]
181	Paulo Cezar Costa	Brazil	20 July 1967 (age 58)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Brasília	[199]
182	William Goh	Singapore	25 June 1957 (age 68)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Singapore	[200]
183	Adalberto Martínez Flores	Paraguay	8 July 1951 (age 74)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Asunción	[201]
184	Giorgio Marengo IMC	Mongolia [n]	7 June 1974 (age 51)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar	[202]
185	Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal CJM *	Colombia	29 March 1942 (age 83)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cartagena	[203]
186	Arrigo Miglio*	Italy	18 July 1942 (age 83)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cagliari	[204]
187	Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM	Jerusalem [o]	21 April 1965 (age 60)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem	[205]
188	Stephen Brislin	South Africa	24 September 1956 (age 68)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Johannesburg	[206]
189	Ángel Sixto Rossi SJ	Argentina	11 August 1958 (age 67)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Córdoba	[207]
190	Luis José Rueda Aparicio	Colombia	3 March 1962 (age 63)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Bogotá	[208]
191	Grzegorz Ryś	Poland	9 February 1964 (age 61)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Łódź	[209]
192	Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla	South Sudan	10 January 1964 (age 61)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Juba	[210]
193	José Cobo Cano	Spain	20 September 1965 (age 59)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Madrid	[211]
194	Protase Rugambwa	Tanzania	31 May 1960 (age 65)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Tabora	[212]
195	Sebastian Francis	Malaysia	11 November 1951 (age 73)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Penang	[213]
196	Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJ	China (Hong Kong) [f]	7 August 1959 (age 66)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Hong Kong	[214]
197	François-Xavier Bustillo OFMConv	France [p]	23 November 1968 (age 56)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Ajaccio	[215]
198	Américo Aguiar	Portugal	12 December 1973 (age 51)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Setúbal	[216]
199	Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez*	Venezuela	17 May 1939 (age 86)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cumaná	[217]
200	Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio	Peru	28 February 1950 (age 75)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Lima	[218]
201	Vicente Bokalic Iglic CM	Argentina	11 June 1952 (age 73)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Santiago del Estero	[218]
202	Luis Cabrera Herrera OFM	Ecuador	11 October 1955 (age 69)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Guayaquil	[218]
203	Fernando Chomalí Garib	Chile	10 March 1957 (age 68)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Santiago de Chile	[218]
204	Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi SVD	Japan	1 November 1958 (age 66)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Tokyo	[218]
205	Pablo Virgilio David	Philippines	2 March 1959 (age 66)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Bishop of Kalookan	[218]
206	Ladislav Nemet SVD	Serbia [q]	7 September 1956 (age 69)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Belgrade	[218]
207	Jaime Spengler OFM	Brazil	6 September 1960 (age 65)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Porto Alegre	[218]
208	Ignace Bessi Dogbo	Ivory Coast	17 August 1961 (age 64)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Abidjan	[218]
209	Jean-Paul Vesco OP	Algeria [r]	10 March 1962 (age 63)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Algiers	[218]
210	Dominique Mathieu OFMConv	Iran [s]	13 June 1963 (age 62)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Tehran–Isfahan	[218]
211	Roberto Repole	Italy	29 January 1967 (age 58)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Turin and Bishop of Susa	[218]
212	Baldassare Reina	Italy	26 November 1970 (age 54)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran	[218]
213	Frank Leo	Canada	30 June 1971 (age 54)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Toronto	[218]
214	Mykola Bychok CSsR	Australia [t]	13 February 1980 (age 45)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Eparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne (Ukrainian Greek Church)	[218]
215	Domenico Battaglia	Italy	20 January 1963 (age 62)	CP	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Naples	[218]
216	Dominique Mamberti	France	7 March 1952 (age 73)	CD	14 February 2015 Francis	Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [c]	[219]
217	Mario Zenari	Italy	5 January 1946 (age 79)	CD	19 November 2016 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio to Syria	[220]
218	Kevin Farrell	United States [u]	2 September 1947 (age 78)	CD	19 November 2016 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life [c] and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church	[221]
219	Ernest Simoni*	Albania	18 October 1928 (age 96)	CD	19 November 2016 Francis	Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult [v]	[222]
220	Luis Ladaria Ferrer SJ *	Spain	19 April 1944 (age 81)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith	[223]
221	Giovanni Angelo Becciu* [w]	Italy	2 June 1948 (age 77)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints	[226]
222	Konrad Krajewski	Poland	25 November 1963 (age 61)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Almoner of His Holiness	[227]
223	Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF *	Spain	17 May 1938 (age 87)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary	[228]
224	José Tolentino de Mendonça	Portugal	15 December 1965 (age 59)	CD	5 October 2019 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education [c]	[229]
225	Michael Czerny SJ	Canada [x]	18 July 1946 (age 79)	CD	5 October 2019 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [c]	[230]
226	Michael Fitzgerald MAfr *	United Kingdom	17 August 1937 (age 88)	CD	5 October 2019 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Egypt	[231]
227	Mario Grech	Malta	20 February 1957 (age 68)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops	[232]
228	Marcello Semeraro	Italy	22 December 1947 (age 77)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints [c]	[233]
229	Mauro Gambetti OFMConv	Italy	27 October 1965 (age 59)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter	[234]
230	Silvano Maria Tomasi CS *	Italy	12 October 1940 (age 84)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta	[235]
231	Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap *	Italy	22 July 1934 (age 91)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Preacher emeritus of the Papal Household [v]	[236]
232	Enrico Feroci*	Italy	27 August 1940 (age 85)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome	[237]
233	Arthur Roche	United Kingdom	6 March 1950 (age 75)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [c]	[238]
234	Lazarus You Heung-sik	South Korea	17 November 1951 (age 73)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy [c]	[239]
235	Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC *	Spain	1 March 1945 (age 80)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	[240]
236	Gianfranco Ghirlanda SJ *	Italy	5 July 1942 (age 83)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [v]	[241]
237	Fortunato Frezza*	Italy	6 February 1942 (age 83)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Canon of the Chapter of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter	[242]
238	Claudio Gugerotti	Italy	7 October 1955 (age 69)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches [c]	[243]
239	Víctor Manuel Fernández	Argentina	18 July 1962 (age 63)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith [c]	[244]
240	Emil Paul Tscherrig	Switzerland	3 February 1947 (age 78)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Italy and San Marino	[245]
241	Christophe Pierre	France	30 January 1946 (age 79)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio to the United States	[246]
242	Ángel Fernández Artime SDB	Spain	21 August 1960 (age 65)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life	[247]
243	Agostino Marchetto*	Italy	28 August 1940 (age 85)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Secretary emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People	[248]
244	Angelo Acerbi*	Italy	23 September 1925 (age 99)	CD	7 December 2024 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio emeritus	[218]
245	Rolandas Makrickas	Lithuania	31 January 1972 (age 53)	CD	7 December 2024 Francis	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	[218]
246	Timothy Radcliffe OP *	United Kingdom	22 August 1945 (age 80)	CD	7 December 2024 Francis	Master emeritus of the Order of Preachers	[218]
247	Fabio Baggio CS	Italy	15 January 1965 (age 60)	CD	7 December 2024 Francis	Undersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development	[218]
248	George Koovakad	India	11 August 1973 (age 52)	CD	7 December 2024 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue [c] (Syro-Malabar Church)	[218]

Demographics of the College of Cardinals

As of 8 September 2025, ^[update] 128 of 248 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The current threshold number of votes needed to be elected pope with the required two-thirds supermajority is 86, assuming that all 128 cardinal electors were to participate in a conclave(and notwithstanding the maximum of 120 electors specified in Universi Dominici gregis). ^{[3] [249]}

Cardinals by appointing pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.

Pope		All cardinals				Cardinal electors
No.	Name	CB	CP	CD	Total	CB	CP	CD	Total
264	John Paul II (1978–2005)	5	36	0	41	0	4	0	4
265	Benedict XVI (2005–2013)	4	56	0	60	2	18	0	20
266	Francis (2013–2025)	3	111	33	147	2	83	19	104
Total		12	203	33	248	4	105	19	128

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous ( sui iuris ) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are eight Eastern Catholic cardinals, including five cardinal electors, belonging to seven particular churches sui iuris:

• Bechara Boutros al-Rahi (Maronite Church)
• Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Church), cardinal elector
• George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Church)
• Lucian Mureșan (Romanian Greek Church)
• Baselios Cleemis (Syro-Malankara Church), cardinal elector
• Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Church), cardinal elector
• Mykola Bychok (Ukrainian Greek Church), cardinal elector
• George Koovakad (Syro-Malabar Church), cardinal elector

Particular church sui iuris		All cardinals	Cardinal electors
Latin Church (Western)		240	123
Eastern Churches	Chaldean Church	1	1
	Ethiopian Church	1	1
	Maronite Church	1	0
	Romanian Greek Church	1	0
	Syro-Malabar Church	2	1
	Syro-Malankara Church	1	1
	Ukrainian Greek Church	1	1
	Subtotal	8	5
Total		248	128

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 64 cardinals, including 32 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 27 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. In this table, the common name for the members of an institute or society, if different from its formal name, is given in brackets.

Post-nominal	Institute or society	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
CJM	Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists)	1	0
CM	Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists)	3	2
CMF	Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians)	2	0
CS	Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians)	2	1
CSC	Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers)	1	0
CSSp	Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans)	2	1
CSsR	Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists)	2	2
IMC	Institute of Consolata Missionaries	1	1
ISch	Institute of Schönstatt Fathers	1	0
ISPX	Pius X Secular Institute	1	1
IVD	Voluntas Dei Institute	1	0
LC	Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ	1	0
MAfr	Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers)	1	0
MSC	Missionaries of the Sacred Heart	1	1
OAR	Order of Augustinian Recollects	1	0
OCD	Order of Discalced Carmelites	1	1
OCist	Order of Cistercians	1	1
OFM	Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)	5	4
OFMCap	Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins)	4	1
OFMConv	Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans)	3	3
OMI	Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates)	1	0
OMM	Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians)	1	0
OP	Order of Preachers (Dominicans)	5	2
PSS	Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians)	1	0
SDB	Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians)	10	5
SJ	Society of Jesus (Jesuits)	9	4
SVD	Society of the Divine Word (Verbites)	2	2
None	Secular clergy	184	96
Total		248	128

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name. ^[250] The statistics for the global distribution of Catholics in the table below are sourced from the 2023edition ^[update] of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church), published in 2025. ^[251]

Continent	All cardinals		Cardinal electors		Percentage of global Catholic population (2023)
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Africa	29	11.7%	17	13.3%	20.0%
North America	35	14.1%	19	14.8%	20.4%
South America	30	12.1%	17	13.3%	27.4%
Asia	37	14.9%	22	17.2%	11.0%
Europe	113	45.6%	49	38.3%	20.4%
Oceania	4	1.6%	4	3.1%	0.8%
Total	248	100.0%	128	100.0%	100.0%

Cardinals by country

At present, 94 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 68 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (51), the United States (16), and Spain (13). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (17), the United States (9), and Brazil (7).

Country	Continent	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
Albania	Europe	1	0
Algeria	Africa	1	1
Argentina	South America	6	4
Australia	Oceania	1	1
Austria	Europe	1	0
Bangladesh	Asia	1	0
Belgium	Europe	1	1
Bolivia	South America	1	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe	1	0
Brazil	South America	8	7
Burkina Faso	Africa	1	1
Canada	North America	5	4
Cape Verde	Africa	1	1
Central African Republic	Africa	1	1
Chile	South America	4	1
Colombia	South America	3	1
Cuba	North America	1	1
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Africa	1	1
Croatia	Europe	1	1
Czech Republic	Europe	1	0
Dominican Republic	North America	1	0
East Timor	Asia	1	1
Ecuador	South America	1	1
El Salvador	North America	1	0
Ethiopia	Africa	1	1
France	Europe	7	5
Germany	Europe	6	3
Ghana	Africa	1	1
Guatemala	North America	1	1
Guinea	Africa	1	0
Haiti	North America	1	1
Honduras	North America	1	0
Hong Kong	Asia	3	1
Hungary	Europe	1	1
India	Asia	6	4
Indonesia	Asia	2	1
Iran	Asia	1	1
Iraq	Asia	1	1
Ireland	Europe	1	0
Italy	Europe	51	17
Ivory Coast	Africa	2	2
Japan	Asia	2	2
Jerusalem [o]	Asia	1	1
Kenya	Africa	1	1
South Korea	Asia	2	1
Laos	Asia	1	0
Latvia	Europe	1	0
Lebanon	Asia	1	0
Lithuania	Europe	3	1
Luxembourg	Europe	1	1
Madagascar	Africa	1	1
Malaysia	Asia	1	1
Mali	Africa	1	0
Malta	Europe	1	1
Mauritius	Africa	1	0
Mexico	North America	6	2
Mongolia	Asia	1	1
Morocco	Africa	1	1
Mozambique	Africa	1	0
Myanmar	Asia	1	1
Netherlands	Europe	1	1
New Zealand	Oceania	1	1
Nicaragua	North America	1	1
Nigeria	Africa	4	1
Pakistan	Asia	1	0
Panama	North America	1	0
Paraguay	South America	1	1
Papua New Guinea	Oceania	1	1
Peru	South America	3	1
Philippines	Asia	5	3
Poland	Europe	5	3
Portugal	Europe	6	4
Romania	Europe	1	0
Rwanda	Africa	1	1
Senegal	Africa	1	0
Serbia	Europe	1	1
Singapore	Asia	1	1
Slovenia	Europe	1	0
South Africa	Africa	2	1
South Sudan	Africa	1	1
Spain	Europe	13	4
Sri Lanka	Asia	1	1
Sudan	Africa	1	0
Sweden	Europe	1	1
Switzerland	Europe	2	2
Tanzania	Africa	2	1
Thailand	Asia	2	1
Tonga	Oceania	1	1
Uganda	Africa	1	0
United Kingdom	Europe	4	2
United States	North America	16	9
Uruguay	South America	1	1
Venezuela	South America	2	0
Vietnam	Asia	2	0
Total		248	128

See also

• Cardinals created by John Paul II
• Cardinals created by Benedict XVI
• Cardinals created by Francis
• Cardinal electors in the 2025 conclave
• Council of Cardinals
• List of creations of cardinals
• Suburbicarian diocese
• Titular church (List of titular churches)

Notes

1. Each cardinal bishop is titularly assigned to one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses, with the exception of the dean of the College of Cardinals, who is the titular bishop of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original suburbicarian diocese when first appointed a cardinal bishop. "Co-opted" cardinal bishops and Eastern Catholic patriarchs are not assigned to a suburbicarian diocese. ^{[1] [10] [11]}
2. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon). ^[3]
3. Since 9 May 2025, this office in the Roman Curia has been exercised provisionally following the election of Pope Leo XIV. ^[21]
4. Schönborn was born to a Sudeten German family in the Sudetenland (in the present-day Czech Republic), then part of Nazi Germany. His family was later expelled from Czechoslovakia to Austria, and he served as a bishop there from 1991 to 2025.
5. Pujats was originally created a cardinal in pectore and formally revealed on 21 February 2001.
6. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
7. Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
8. The Holy See Press Office's documentation gives Njue's date of birth as 1 January 1946, but previously stated that he was "born in 1944" ^[85] and used 31 December 1944 as his date of birth on its list of cardinal electors. ^[86]
9. Ezzati was born in Italy, emigrated to Chile as a young man, and served as a bishop there from 1996 to 2019.
10. Ouédraogo's actual date of birth is unknown. In the 2024 edition of the Annuario Pontificio , the annual directory of the Holy See, his birth date was revised from 25 January 1945 to 31 December, a placeholder date used by the Burkina Faso government. Ouédraogo adopted 25 January as his date of birth "at random" to enrol in a health-insurance programme in 1973. ^[133]
11. Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Panama from 1985 to 2024.
12. López Romero was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in Morocco since 2018.
13. Aós Braco was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Chile from 2014 to 2023.
14. Marengo was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Mongolia since 2020.
15. The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City in East Jerusalem, is multinational and encompasses Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. In its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, the Holy See Press Office lists Pizzaballa's country as "Jerusalem". ^[252] Pizzaballa was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Jerusalem since 2016.
16. Bustillo was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in France since 2021.
17. Nemet was born in Serbia into an ethnically Hungarian family and describes himself as Hungarian. He has worked in Serbia since 2008.
18. Vesco was born in France and has served as a bishop in Algeria since 2012.
19. Mathieu was born in Belgium and has served as a bishop in Iran since 2021.
20. Bychok was born in Ukraine and has served as a bishop in Australia since 2020.
21. Farrell was born in Ireland, was incardinated as a priest in the United States in 1984 and served as a bishop there from 2001 to 2016.
22. Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
23. Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020, making him ineligible to participate in a conclave as an elector since then. ^{[224] [225]}
24. Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in the present-day Czech Republic) and emigrated to Canada as a child.

---

1. Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002 ^[15]
2. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
3. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
4. Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
5. Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
6. Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
7. Originally created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
8. Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
9. Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
10. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
11. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
12. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
13. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
14. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
15. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
16. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
17. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
18. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022
19. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 July 2024

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External links

• Media related to Cardinals at Wikimedia Commons
• Holy See Press Office, The College of Cardinals
• GCatholic.org, College of Cardinals
• College of Cardinals Report