Solar eclipse of October 3, 1986

Last updated
Solar eclipse of October 3, 1986
SE1986Oct03H.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureHybrid
Gamma 0.9931
Magnitude 1
Maximum eclipse
Duration0 s (0 min 0 s)
Coordinates 59°54′N37°06′W / 59.9°N 37.1°W / 59.9; -37.1
Max. width of band1 km (0.62 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse19:06:15
References
Saros 124 (53 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9479

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, October 3, 1986, [1] with a magnitude of 1. It was a hybrid event, with only a fraction of its path as total, and longer sections at the start and end as an annular eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 8.3 days after apogee (on September 25, 1986, at 11:00 UTC) and 3.7 days before perigee (on October 7, 1986, at 10:50 UTC). [2]

Contents

Totality occurred for a very short time (calculated at 0.08 seconds) in an area in the Atlantic Ocean, just east of the southern tip of Greenland. The path, on the surface of the Earth, was a narrow, tapered, horse-shoe, and visible only from a thin strip between Iceland and Greenland. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, and Iceland. This eclipse was the last central eclipse of Solar Saros 124 and the only hybrid eclipse of that cycle.

Observations

The only witnesses of a few seconds of brief totality were the "Gang of Nine" eclipse chasers aboard a plane at an altitude of 40,000 feet. [3]

The eclipse also resulted in litigation involving a Florida fourth grader whose eyes were allegedly damaged when he viewed the partial eclipse on school grounds. A lower court had dismissed the case on the grounds that the school had no duty to supervise the child after school hours. But the Florida Court of Appeals ruled in 1994 that the jury instruction on that question was improper, and remanded the case. [4]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [5]

October 3, 1986 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1986 October 03 at 16:58:20.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1986 October 03 at 18:07:22.2 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1986 October 03 at 18:55:40.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1986 October 03 at 18:55:55.1 UTC
First Central Line1986 October 03 at 18:56:25.6 UTC
Greatest Duration1986 October 03 at 18:56:25.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1986 October 03 at 18:56:57.6 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1986 October 03 at 19:06:15.0 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1986 October 03 at 19:16:11.3 UTC
Last Central Line1986 October 03 at 19:16:40.7 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1986 October 03 at 19:17:08.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1986 October 03 at 21:14:27.6 UTC
October 3, 1986 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.00002
Eclipse Obscuration1.00004
Gamma0.99305
Sun Right Ascension12h37m45.8s
Sun Declination-04°04'06.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'59.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.8"
Moon Right Ascension12h39m37.6s
Moon Declination-03°13'11.4"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'58.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°58'36.8"
ΔT55.2 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of October 1986
October 3
Descending node (new moon)
 October 17
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1986Oct03H.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1986Oct17.png
Hybrid solar eclipse
Solar Saros 124		 Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 136

Eclipses in 1986

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 124

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1986–1989

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [6]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1986 to 1989
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
119 April 9, 1986
SE1986Apr09P.png
Partial		−1.0822124 October 3, 1986
SE1986Oct03H.png
Hybrid		0.9931
129 March 29, 1987
SE1987Mar29H.png
Hybrid		−0.3053134 September 23, 1987
SE1987Sep23A.png
Annular		0.2787
139 March 18, 1988
SE1988Mar18T.png
Total		0.4188144 September 11, 1988
SE1988Sep11A.png
Annular		−0.4681
149 March 7, 1989
SE1989Mar07P.png
Partial		1.0981154 August 31, 1989
SE1989Aug31P.png
Partial		−1.1928

Saros 124

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 124, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 6, 1049. It contains total eclipses from June 12, 1211 through September 22, 1968, and a hybrid eclipse on October 3, 1986. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on May 11, 2347. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 5 minutes, 46 seconds on May 3, 1734. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [7]

Series members 43–64 occur between 1801 and 2200:
434445
SE1806Jun16T.png
June 16, 1806 		SE1824Jun26T.png
June 26, 1824 		SE1842Jul08T.png
July 8, 1842
464748
SE1860Jul18T.png
July 18, 1860 		SE1878Jul29T.png
July 29, 1878 		SE1896Aug09T.png
August 9, 1896
495051
SE1914Aug21T.png
August 21, 1914 		SE1932Aug31T.png
August 31, 1932 		SE1950Sep12T.png
September 12, 1950
525354
SE1968Sep22T.png
September 22, 1968 		SE1986Oct03H.png
October 3, 1986 		SE2004Oct14P.png
October 14, 2004
555657
SE2022Oct25P.png
October 25, 2022 		SE2040Nov04P.png
November 4, 2040 		SE2058Nov16P.png
November 16, 2058
585960
SE2076Nov26P.png
November 26, 2076 		SE2094Dec07P.png
December 7, 2094 		Saros124 60van73 SE2112Dec19P.jpg
December 19, 2112
616263
Saros124 61van73 SE2130Dec30P.jpg
December 30, 2130		 Saros124 62van73 SE2149Jan09P.jpg
January 9, 2149		 Saros124 63van73 SE2167Jan21P.jpg
January 21, 2167
64
Saros124 64van73 SE2185Jan31P.jpg
January 31, 2185

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047
July 22May 9–11February 26–27December 14–15October 2–3
116118120122124
SE1971Jul22P.png
July 22, 1971 		SE1975May11P.png
May 11, 1975 		SE1979Feb26T.png
February 26, 1979 		SE1982Dec15P.png
December 15, 1982 		SE1986Oct03H.png
October 3, 1986
126128130132134
SE1990Jul22T.png
July 22, 1990 		SE1994May10A.png
May 10, 1994 		SE1998Feb26T.png
February 26, 1998 		SE2001Dec14A.png
December 14, 2001 		SE2005Oct03A.png
October 3, 2005
136138140142144
SE2009Jul22T.png
July 22, 2009 		SE2013May10A.png
May 10, 2013 		SE2017Feb26A.png
February 26, 2017 		SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020 		SE2024Oct02A.png
October 2, 2024
146148150152154
SE2028Jul22T.png
July 22, 2028 		SE2032May09A.png
May 9, 2032 		SE2036Feb27P.png
February 27, 2036 		SE2039Dec15T.png
December 15, 2039 		SE2043Oct03A.png
October 3, 2043
156
SE2047Jul22P.png
July 22, 2047

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1801Mar14P.png
March 14, 1801
(Saros 107)		 SE1812Feb12P.gif
February 12, 1812
(Saros 108)		 SE1823Jan12P.gif
January 12, 1823
(Saros 109)		 SE1844Nov10P.gif
November 10, 1844
(Saros 111)
SE1877Aug09P.gif
August 9, 1877
(Saros 114)		 SE1888Jul09P.gif
July 9, 1888
(Saros 115)		 SE1899Jun08P.gif
June 8, 1899
(Saros 116)
SE1910May09T.png
May 9, 1910
(Saros 117)		 SE1921Apr08A.png
April 8, 1921
(Saros 118)		 SE1932Mar07A.png
March 7, 1932
(Saros 119)		 SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943
(Saros 120)		 SE1954Jan05A.png
January 5, 1954
(Saros 121)
SE1964Dec04P.png
December 4, 1964
(Saros 122)		 SE1975Nov03P.png
November 3, 1975
(Saros 123)		 SE1986Oct03H.png
October 3, 1986
(Saros 124)		 SE1997Sep02P.png
September 2, 1997
(Saros 125)		 SE2008Aug01T.png
August 1, 2008
(Saros 126)
SE2019Jul02T.png
July 2, 2019
(Saros 127)		 SE2030Jun01A.png
June 1, 2030
(Saros 128)		 SE2041Apr30T.png
April 30, 2041
(Saros 129)		 SE2052Mar30T.png
March 30, 2052
(Saros 130)		 SE2063Feb28A.png
February 28, 2063
(Saros 131)
SE2074Jan27A.png
January 27, 2074
(Saros 132)		 SE2084Dec27T.png
December 27, 2084
(Saros 133)		 SE2095Nov27A.png
November 27, 2095
(Saros 134)		 SE2106Oct26A.png
October 26, 2106
(Saros 135)		 SE2117Sep26T.png
September 26, 2117
(Saros 136)
SE2128Aug25A.png
August 25, 2128
(Saros 137)		 SE2139Jul25A.png
July 25, 2139
(Saros 138)		 SE2150Jun25T.png
June 25, 2150
(Saros 139)		 SE2161May25A.png
May 25, 2161
(Saros 140)		 SE2172Apr23A.png
April 23, 2172
(Saros 141)
SE2183Mar23T.png
March 23, 2183
(Saros 142)		 SE2194Feb21A.png
February 21, 2194
(Saros 143)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1813Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1813
(Saros 118)		 SE1842Jan11A.gif
January 11, 1842
(Saros 119)		 SE1870Dec22T.png
December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)
SE1899Dec03A.png
December 3, 1899
(Saros 121)		 SE1928Nov12P.png
November 12, 1928
(Saros 122)		 SE1957Oct23T.png
October 23, 1957
(Saros 123)
SE1986Oct03H.png
October 3, 1986
(Saros 124)		 SE2015Sep13P.png
September 13, 2015
(Saros 125)		 SE2044Aug23T.png
August 23, 2044
(Saros 126)
SE2073Aug03T.png
August 3, 2073
(Saros 127)		 SE2102Jul15A.png
July 15, 2102
(Saros 128)		 Saros129 58van80 SE2131Jun25T.jpg
June 25, 2131
(Saros 129)
SE2160Jun04T.png
June 4, 2160
(Saros 130)		 SE2189May15A.png
May 15, 2189
(Saros 131)

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References

  1. ↑ "October 3, 1986 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. ↑ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. ↑ Schneider, Glenn. "03 October 1986: A Geometrically Remarkable Eclipse".
  4. ↑ Florida Court Reinstates Lawsuit Alleging Eye Damage from Eclipse https://myeclipseglasses.com/litigation.html retrieved 2 Mar. 2023.
  5. ↑ "Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 1986 Oct 03". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  6. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  7. ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 124". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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