Solar eclipse of April 18, 1977

Last updated
Solar eclipse of April 18, 1977
SE1977Apr18A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma −0.399
Magnitude 0.9449
Maximum eclipse
Duration424 s (7 min 4 s)
Coordinates 11°54′S28°18′E / 11.9°S 28.3°E / -11.9; 28.3
Max. width of band220 km (140 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse10:31:30
References
Saros 138 (29 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9458

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, April 18, 1977, [1] with a magnitude of 0.9449. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.1 days before apogee (on April 21, 1977, at 13:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [2]

Contents

Annularity was visible in South West Africa (today's Namibia), Angola, Zambia, southeastern Zaire (today's Democratic Republic of Congo), northern Malawi, Tanzania, Seychelles and the whole British Indian Ocean Territory. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Brazil, Southern Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Antarctica, the Middle East, and South Asia.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [3]

April 18, 1977 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1977 April 18 at 07:33:32.8 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1977 April 18 at 08:41:17.9 UTC
First Central Line1977 April 18 at 08:43:51.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1977 April 18 at 08:46:26.6 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1977 April 18 at 10:12:31.9 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1977 April 18 at 10:18:48.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1977 April 18 at 10:31:29.9 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1977 April 18 at 10:36:13.6 UTC
Greatest Duration1977 April 18 at 10:40:30.0 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1977 April 18 at 10:50:48.6 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1977 April 18 at 12:16:41.3 UTC
Last Central Line1977 April 18 at 12:19:17.4 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1977 April 18 at 12:21:52.9 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1977 April 18 at 13:29:36.4 UTC
April 18, 1977 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.94492
Eclipse Obscuration0.89288
Gamma−0.39903
Sun Right Ascension01h45m03.2s
Sun Declination+10°51'37.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'55.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.8"
Moon Right Ascension01h45m26.3s
Moon Declination+10°30'41.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter14'50.4"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°54'28.0"
ΔT47.8 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of April 1977
April 4
Ascending node (full moon)
 April 18
Descending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1977Apr04.png SE1977Apr18A.png
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 112		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 138

Eclipses in 1977

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 138

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1975–1978

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [4]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1975 to 1978
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
118 May 11, 1975
SE1975May11P.png
Partial		1.0647123 November 3, 1975
SE1975Nov03P.png
Partial		−1.0248
128 April 29, 1976
SE1976Apr29A.png
Annular		0.3378133 October 23, 1976
SE1976Oct23T.png
Total		−0.327
138 April 18, 1977
SE1977Apr18A.png
Annular		−0.399143 October 12, 1977
SE1977Oct12T.png
Total		0.3836
148 April 7, 1978
SE1978Apr07P.png
Partial		−1.1081153 October 2, 1978
SE1978Oct02P.png
Partial		1.1616

Saros 138

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 138, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 6, 1472. It contains annular eclipses from August 31, 1598 through February 18, 2482; a hybrid eclipse on March 1, 2500; and total eclipses from March 12, 2518 through April 3, 2554. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on July 11, 2716. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 23 at 8 minutes, 2 seconds on February 11, 1869, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 56 seconds on April 3, 2554. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [5]

Series members 20–41 occur between 1801 and 2200:
202122
SE1815Jan10A.png
January 10, 1815		 SE1833Jan20A.png
January 20, 1833		 SE1851Feb01A.png
February 1, 1851
232425
SE1869Feb11A.png
February 11, 1869		 SE1887Feb22A.png
February 22, 1887		 SE1905Mar06A.png
March 6, 1905
262728
SE1923Mar17A.png
March 17, 1923 		SE1941Mar27A.png
March 27, 1941 		SE1959Apr08A.png
April 8, 1959
293031
SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977 		SE1995Apr29A.png
April 29, 1995 		SE2013May10A.png
May 10, 2013
323334
SE2031May21A.png
May 21, 2031 		SE2049May31A.png
May 31, 2049 		SE2067Jun11A.png
June 11, 2067
353637
SE2085Jun22A.png
June 22, 2085 		SE2103Jul04A.png
July 4, 2103		 SE2121Jul14A.png
July 14, 2121
383940
SE2139Jul25A.png
July 25, 2139		 SE2157Aug05A.png
August 5, 2157		 SE2175Aug16A.png
August 16, 2175
41
SE2193Aug26A.png
August 26, 2193

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011
September 11–12June 30–July 1April 17–19February 4–5November 22–23
114116118120122
SE1931Sep12P.png
September 12, 1931 		SE1935Jun30P.png
June 30, 1935 		SE1939Apr19A.png
April 19, 1939 		SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943 		SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
124126128130132
SE1950Sep12T.png
September 12, 1950 		SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954 		SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958 		SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962 		SE1965Nov23A.png
November 23, 1965
134136138140142
SE1969Sep11A.png
September 11, 1969 		SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973 		SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977 		SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981 		SE1984Nov22T.png
November 22, 1984
144146148150152
SE1988Sep11A.png
September 11, 1988 		SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992 		SE1996Apr17P.png
April 17, 1996 		SE2000Feb05P.png
February 5, 2000 		SE2003Nov23T.png
November 23, 2003
154156
SE2007Sep11P.png
September 11, 2007 		SE2011Jul01P.png
July 1, 2011

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1802Aug28A.png
August 28, 1802
(Saros 122)		 SE1813Jul27T.gif
July 27, 1813
(Saros 123)		 SE1824Jun26T.png
June 26, 1824
(Saros 124)		 SE1835May27A.gif
May 27, 1835
(Saros 125)		 SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
(Saros 126)
SE1857Mar25T.png
March 25, 1857
(Saros 127)		 SE1868Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1868
(Saros 128)		 SE1879Jan22A.gif
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129)		 SE1889Dec22T.png
December 22, 1889
(Saros 130)		 SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)
SE1911Oct22A.png
October 22, 1911
(Saros 132)		 SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
(Saros 133)		 SE1933Aug21A.png
August 21, 1933
(Saros 134)		 SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944
(Saros 135)		 SE1955Jun20T.png
June 20, 1955
(Saros 136)
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137)		 SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
(Saros 138)		 SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
(Saros 139)		 SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
(Saros 140)		 SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)		 SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031
(Saros 143)		 SE2042Oct14A.png
October 14, 2042
(Saros 144)		 SE2053Sep12T.png
September 12, 2053
(Saros 145)		 SE2064Aug12T.png
August 12, 2064
(Saros 146)
SE2075Jul13A.png
July 13, 2075
(Saros 147)		 SE2086Jun11T.png
June 11, 2086
(Saros 148)		 SE2097May11T.png
May 11, 2097
(Saros 149)		 Saros150 22van71 SE2108Apr11P.jpg
April 11, 2108
(Saros 150)		 Saros151 20van72 SE2119Mar11A.jpg
March 11, 2119
(Saros 151)
Saros152 19van70 SE2130Feb08T.jpg
February 8, 2130
(Saros 152)		 SE2141Jan08A.png
January 8, 2141
(Saros 153)		 Saros154 14van71 SE2151Dec08A.jpg
December 8, 2151
(Saros 154)		 Saros155 14van71 SE2162Nov07T.jpg
November 7, 2162
(Saros 155)		 Saros156 10van69 SE2173Oct07A.jpg
October 7, 2173
(Saros 156)
SE2184Sep04A.png
September 4, 2184
(Saros 157)		 Saros158 08van70 SE2195Aug05T.jpg
August 5, 2195
(Saros 158)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1803Aug17A.png
August 17, 1803
(Saros 132)		 SE1832Jul27T.gif
July 27, 1832
(Saros 133)		 SE1861Jul08A.gif
July 8, 1861
(Saros 134)
SE1890Jun17A.gif
June 17, 1890
(Saros 135)		 SE1919May29T.png
May 29, 1919
(Saros 136)		 SE1948May09A.png
May 9, 1948
(Saros 137)
SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
(Saros 138)		 SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
(Saros 139)		 SE2035Mar09A.png
March 9, 2035
(Saros 140)
SE2064Feb17A.png
February 17, 2064
(Saros 141)		 SE2093Jan27T.png
January 27, 2093
(Saros 142)		 SE2122Jan08A.png
January 8, 2122
(Saros 143)
SE2150Dec19A.png
December 19, 2150
(Saros 144)		 SE2179Nov28T.png
November 28, 2179
(Saros 145)

Notes

  1. ↑ "April 18, 1977 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  2. ↑ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  3. ↑ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1977 Apr 18". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  4. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 138". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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References

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