List of state leaders in 2022

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2022.

Africa

•   Algeria
  • President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune, President of Algeria (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Aymen Benabderrahmane, Prime Minister of Algeria (2021–2023)
•   Angola
  • President – João Lourenço, President of Angola (2017–present)
•   Benin
  • President – Patrice Talon, President of Benin (2016–present)
•   Botswana
  • President – Mokgweetsi Masisi, President of Botswana (2018–present)
•   Burkina Faso
  • Junta Leader  –
    1. Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022)
    2. Ibrahim Traoré, President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022–present)
  • President –
    1. Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, President of Burkina Faso (2015–2022)
    2. Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, Interim President of Burkina Faso (2022)
    3. Ibrahim Traoré, Interim President of Burkina Faso (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Lassina Zerbo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2021–2022)
    2. Albert Ouédraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2022)
    3. Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2022–present)
•   Burundi
  • President – Évariste Ndayishimiye, President of Burundi (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni , Prime Minister of Burundi (2020–2022)
    2. Gervais Ndirakobuca, Prime Minister of Burundi (2022–present)
•   Cameroon
  • President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute, Prime Minister of Cameroon (2019–present)
•   Cape Verde
  • President – José Maria Neves, President of Cape Verde (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2016–present)
•   Central African Republic
  • President  – Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President of the Central African Republic (2016–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Henri-Marie Dondra, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2021–2022)
    2. Félix Moloua, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2022–present)
•   Chad
  • President – Mahamat Déby (2021–present)
    1. President of the Transitional Military Council (2021–2022)
    2. Transitional President of Chad (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Albert Pahimi Padacké, Prime Minister of Chad (2021–2022)
    2. Saleh Kebzabo, Prime Minister of Chad (2022–2024)
•   Comoros
  • President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (2016–present)
•   Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
  • President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
  • Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (2021–present)
•   Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
  • President – Félix Tshisekedi, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Sama Lukonde, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2021–2024)
•   Djibouti
  • President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2013–present)
•   Egypt
  • President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, President of Egypt (2014–present)
  • Prime Minister – Moustafa Madbouly, Prime Minister of Egypt (2018–present)
•   Equatorial Guinea
  • President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister – Francisco Pascual Obama Asue, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2016–2023)
•   Eritrea
  • President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)  ^{[lower-alpha 1]}
•   Eswatini
  • Monarch – Mswati III, King of Eswatini (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister – Cleopas Dlamini, Prime Minister of Eswatini (2021–2023)
•   Ethiopia
  • President – Sahle-Work Zewde, President of Ethiopia (2018–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (2018–present)
•   Gabon
  • President – Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of Gabon (2009–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Rose Christiane Raponda, Prime Minister of Gabon (2020–2023)
•   The Gambia
  • President – Adama Barrow, President of the Gambia (2017–present)
•   Ghana
  • President – Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana (2017–present)
•   Guinea
  • Junta Leader  – Mamady Doumbouya, Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development (2021–present)
  • President  – Mamady Doumbouya, Interim President of Guinea (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mohamed Béavogui, Interim Prime Minister of Guinea (2021–2022)
    2. Bernard Goumou, Interim Prime Minister of Guinea (2022–2024)
•   Guinea-Bissau
  • President – Umaro Sissoco Embaló, President of Guinea-Bissau (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister – Nuno Gomes Nabiam, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2020–2023)
•   Ivory Coast
  • President – Alassane Ouattara, President of the Ivory Coast (2010–present)
  • Prime Minister – Patrick Achi, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2021–2023)
•   Kenya
  • President –
    1. Uhuru Kenyatta, President of Kenya (2013–2022)
    2. William Ruto, President of Kenya (2022–present)
•   Lesotho
  • Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Moeketsi Majoro, Prime Minister of Lesotho (2020–2022)
    2. Sam Matekane, Prime Minister of Lesotho (2022–present)
•   Liberia
  • President – George Weah, President of Liberia (2018–2024)
•   Libya
  • Government of National Unity
    • Head of State – Mohamed al-Menfi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya (2021–present)
    • Prime Minister – Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, Prime Minister of Libya (2021–present)
  • Government of National Stability (unrecognized, rival government)
    • Prime Minister – Fathi Bashagha, Prime Minister of Libya (2022–2023)
•   Madagascar
  • President – Andry Rajoelina, President of Madagascar (2019–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Christian Ntsay, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2018–present)
•   Malawi
  • President – Lazarus Chakwera, President of Malawi (2020–present)
•   Mali
  • President – Assimi Goïta, Interim President of Mali (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Choguel Kokalla Maïga, Interim Prime Minister of Mali (2021–2022)
    2. Abdoulaye Maïga, Interim Prime Minister of Mali (2022–present)
•   Mauritania
  • President – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, President of Mauritania (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Mohamed Ould Bilal, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2020–2024)
•   Mauritius
  • President – Pritvirajsing Roopun, President of Mauritius (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Pravind Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2017–present)
•   Morocco
  • Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister – Aziz Akhannouch, Head of Government of Morocco (2021–present)
•   Mozambique
  • President – Filipe Nyusi, President of Mozambique (2015–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Carlos Agostinho do Rosário, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2015–2022)
    2. Adriano Maleiane, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2022–present)
•   Namibia
  • President – Hage Geingob, President of Namibia (2015–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Saara Kuugongelwa, Prime Minister of Namibia (2015–present)
•   Niger
  • President – Mohamed Bazoum, President of Niger (2021–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2021–2023)
•   Nigeria
  • President – Muhammadu Buhari, President of Nigeria (2015–2023)
•   Rwanda
  • President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister – Édouard Ngirente, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2017–present)
•   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (self-declared, partially recognised state)
  • President – Brahim Ghali, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (2016–present)
  • Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (2020–present)
•   São Tomé and Príncipe
  • President – Carlos Vila Nova, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Jorge Bom Jesus, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2018–2022)
    2. Patrice Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2022–present)
•   Senegal
  • President – Macky Sall, President of Senegal (2012–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Amadou Ba, Prime Minister of Senegal (2022–2024)
•   Seychelles
  • President – Wavel Ramkalawan, President of Seychelles (2020–present)
•   Sierra Leone
  • President – Julius Maada Bio, President of Sierra Leone (2018–present)
  • Chief Minister – Jacob Jusu Saffa, Chief Minister of Sierra Leone (2021–2023)
•   Somalia
  • President –
    1. Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, President of Somalia (2017–2022)
    2. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mohamed Hussein Roble, Prime Minister of Somalia (2020–2022)
    2. Hamza Abdi Barre, Prime Minister of Somalia (2022–present)
•   Somaliland (unrecognized, secessionist state)
  • President – Muse Bihi Abdi, President of Somaliland (2017–present)
•   South Africa
  • President – Cyril Ramaphosa, President of South Africa (2018–present)
•   South Sudan
  • President – Salva Kiir Mayardit, President of South Sudan (2011–present)
•   Sudan
  • President – Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council ^[1] (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Abdalla Hamdok, Prime Minister of Sudan (2021–2022)
    2. Osman Hussein, Acting Prime Minister of Sudan (2022–present)
•   Tanzania
  • President – Samia Suluhu, President of Tanzania (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kassim Majaliwa, Prime Minister of Tanzania (2015–present)
•   Togo
  • President – Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present)
  • Prime Minister – Victoire Tomegah Dogbé, Prime Minister of Togo (2020–present)
•   Tunisia
  • President – Kais Saied, President of Tunisia (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Najla Bouden, Head of Government of Tunisia (2021–2023)
•   Uganda
  • President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister – Robinah Nabbanja, Prime Minister of Uganda (2021–present)
•   Zambia
  • President – Hakainde Hichilema, President of Zambia (2021–present)
•   Zimbabwe
  • President – Emmerson Mnangagwa, President of Zimbabwe (2017–present)

Asia

•   Afghanistan
  • Supreme Leader – Hibatullah Akhundzada, Supreme Leader of Afghanistan (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund, Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2021–present)
•   Bahrain
  • Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (2020–present)
•   Bangladesh
  • President – Mohammad Abdul Hamid, President of Bangladesh (2013–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2009–2024)
•   Bhutan
  • Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (2006–present)
  • Prime Minister – Lotay Tshering, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2018–2023)
•   Brunei
  • Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)  ^{[lower-alpha 2]}
  • Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
•   Cambodia
  • Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)
  • Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–2023)  ^{[lower-alpha 3]}
•   China (People's Republic of China)
  • Communist Party Leader – Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (2012–present)
  • President – Xi Jinping, President of China (2013–present)
  • Premier – Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of China (2013–2023)
•   East Timor
  • President –
    1. Francisco Guterres, President of East Timor (2017–2022)
    2. José Ramos-Horta, President of East Timor (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister – Taur Matan Ruak, Prime Minister of East Timor (2018–2023)
•   India
  • President –
    1. Ram Nath Kovind, President of India (2017–2022)
    2. Droupadi Murmu, President of India (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister – Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India (2014–present)
•   Indonesia
  • President – Joko Widodo, President of Indonesia (2014–present)
•   Iran
  • Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
  • President – Ebrahim Raisi, President of Iran (2021–2024)
•   Iraq
  • President –
    1. Barham Salih, President of Iraq (2018–2022)
    2. Abdul Latif Rashid, President of Iraq (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, Prime Minister of Iraq (2020–2022)
    2. Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani, Prime Minister of Iraq (2022–present)
•   Israel
  • President – Isaac Herzog, President of Israel (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Naftali Bennett, Prime Minister of Israel (2021–2022)
    2. Yair Lapid, Prime Minister of Israel (2022)
    3. Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (2022–present)
•   Japan
  • Monarch – Naruhito, Emperor of Japan (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister of Japan (2021–2024)
•   Jordan
  • Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister – Bisher Al-Khasawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan (2020–2024)
•   Kazakhstan
  • President – Kassym-Dzomart Tokayev, President of Kazakhstan (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Asqar Mamin, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2019–2022)
    2. Älihan Smaiylov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2022–2024)
•   North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
  • Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-un, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea ^[2] (2012–present)
  • De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-un, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission of North Korea   ^{[lower-alpha 4]} (2011–present)
  • De jure Head of State – Choe Ryong-hae, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (2019–present) ^[3]
  • Premier – Kim Tok-hun, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2020–present)
•   South Korea (Republic of Korea)
  • President –
    1. Moon Jae-in, President of South Korea (2017–2022)
    2. Yoon Suk-yeol, President of South Korea (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister  –
    1. Kim Boo-kyum, Prime Minister of South Korea (2021–2022)
    2. Han Duck-soo, Prime Minister of South Korea (2022–present)
•   Kuwait
  • Monarch – Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2020–2023)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Sheikh Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2019–2022)
    2. Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2022–2024)
•   Kyrgyzstan
  • President – Sadyr Dzaparov, President of Kyrgyzstan (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Akylbek Dzaparov, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan (2021–present)
•   Laos
  • Communist Party Leader – Thongloun Sisoulith, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (2021–present)
  • President – Thongloun Sisoulith, President of Laos (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Phankham Viphavanh, Prime Minister of Laos (2021–2022)
    2. Sonexay Siphandone, Prime Minister of Laos (2022–present)
•   Lebanon
  • President –
    1. Michel Aoun, President of Lebanon (2016–2022)
    2. Vacant, (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister – Najib Mikati, President of the Council of Ministers (2021–present)
•   Malaysia
  • Monarch – Abdullah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ismail Sabri Yaakob, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2021–2022)
    2. Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2022–present)
•   Maldives
  • President – Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, President of the Maldives (2018–2023)
•   Mongolia
  • President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, President of Mongolia (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2021–present)
•   Myanmar
  • President – Myint Swe, Acting President of Myanmar (2021–2024)
  • Junta leader – Min Aung Hlaing, Chairman of the State Administration Council (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Min Aung Hlaing, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2021–present)
•     Nepal
  • President – Bidya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal (2015–2023)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (2021–2022)
    2. Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime Minister of Nepal (2022–2024)
•   Oman
  • Monarch – Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (2020–present)
•   Pakistan
  • President – Arif Alvi, President of Pakistan (2018–2024)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Imran Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022)
    2. Shehbaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2022–2023)
•   Palestine   ^{[lower-alpha 5]}
  • President – Mahmoud Abbas, President of Palestine (2005–present)
  • Prime Minister – Mohammad Shtayyeh, Prime Minister of Palestine (2019–2024)
•   Philippines
  • President –
    1. Rodrigo Duterte, President of the Philippines (2016–2022)
    2. Bongbong Marcos, President of the Philippines (2022–present)
•   Qatar
  • Monarch – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (2013–present)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2020–2023)
•   Saudi Arabia
  • Monarch – Salman, King of Saudi Arabia (2015–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Salman, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2015–2022)
    2. Mohammed bin Salman, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2022–present)
•   Singapore
  • President – Halimah Yacob, President of Singapore (2017–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–2024)
•   Sri Lanka
  • President –
    1. Gotabaya Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2019–2022)
    2. Ranil Wickremesinghe, President of Sri Lanka (2022–2024)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2019–2022)
    2. Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2022)
    3. Dinesh Gunawardena, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2022–2024)
• Syria
  •   Syrian Arab Republic
    • President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister – Hussein Arnous, Prime Minister of Syria (2020–present)
  • Syrian opposition
    •   Syrian Interim Government (partially recognised, rival government)
      • President – Salem al-Meslet, President of the Syrian National Coalition (2021–2023)
      • Prime Minister – Abdurrahman Mustafa, Prime Minister of the Syrian National Coalition (2019–present)
    • Syrian Salvation Government (rival government)
      • Prime Minister – Ali Keda, Prime Minister of the Syrian Salvation Government (2019–present)
•   Taiwan (Republic of China)
  • President – Tsai Ing-wen, President of Taiwan (2016–2024)
  • Premier – Su Tseng-chang, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2019–2023)
•   Tajikistan
  • President – Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (2013–present)
•   Thailand
  • Monarch – Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand (2016–present)
  • Prime Minister – Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand (2014–2023)
•   Turkey
  • President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President of Turkey (2014–present)
•   Turkmenistan
  • President –
    1. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan (2006–2022)
    2. Serdar Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan (2022–present)
•   United Arab Emirates
  • President –
    1. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–2022)
    2. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Acting President of the United Arab Emirates (2022)
    3. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (2006–present)
•   Uzbekistan
  • President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, President of Uzbekistan (2016–present)
  • Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2016–present)
•   Vietnam
  • Communist Party Leader – Nguyễn Phú Trọng, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2011–present)
  • President – Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, President of Vietnam (2021–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Phạm Minh Chính, Prime Minister of Vietnam (2021–present)
• Yemen
  •   Republic of Yemen
  • President –
    1. Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, President of Yemen (2012–2022)
    2. Rashad al-Alimi, President of Yemen (2022–present)
    • Prime Minister – Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, Prime Minister of Yemen (2018–2024)
  •   Supreme Political Council (unrecognised, rival government)
    • Head of State – Mahdi al-Mashat, Head of the Supreme Political Council of Yemen (2018–present)
    • Prime Minister – Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour, Prime Minister of Yemen (2016–present)

Europe

•   Abkhazia (partially recognised, secessionist state)
  • President – Aslan Bzhania, President of Abkhazia (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister – Aleksander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2020–present)
•   Albania
  • President –
    1. Ilir Meta, President of Albania (2017–2022)
    2. Bajram Begaj, President of Albania (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister – Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania (2013–present)
•   Andorra
  • Monarchs –
    • French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron, French Co-prince of Andorra (2017–present)
      • Co-Prince's Representative – Patrick Strzoda (2017–present)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
      • Co-Prince's Representative – Josep Maria Mauri (2012–present)
  • Prime Minister – Xavier Espot Zamora, Head of Government of Andorra (2019–present)
•   Armenia
  • President –
    1. Armen Sarkissian, President of Armenia (2018–2022)
    2. Alen Simonyan, Acting President of Armenia (2022)
    3. Vahagn Khachaturyan, President of Armenia (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2018–present)
•   Artsakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
  • President – Arayik Harutyunyan, President of Artsakh (2020–2023)
•   Austria
  • President – Alexander Van der Bellen, Federal President of Austria (2017–present)
  • Chancellor – Karl Nehammer, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2021–present)
•   Azerbaijan
  • President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
  • Prime Minister – Ali Asadov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2019–present)
•   Belarus
  • President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
  • Prime Minister – Roman Golovchenko, Prime Minister of Belarus (2020–present)
•   Belgium
  • Monarch – Philippe, King of the Belgians (2013–present)
  • Prime Minister – Alexander De Croo, Prime Minister of Belgium (2020–present)
•   Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Bosniak Member –
      1. Šefik Džaferović (2018–2022: Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022)
      2. Denis Bećirović (2022–present)
    • Croat Member – Željko Komšić (2018–present: Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021–2022)
    • Serb Member –
      1. Milorad Dodik (2018–2022)
      2. Željka Cvijanović (2022–present: Chairwoman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Zoran Tegeltija, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019–2023)
  • High Representative – Christian Schmidt, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021–present)
•   Bulgaria
  • President – Rumen Radev, President of Bulgaria (2017–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Kiril Petkov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2021–2022)
    2. Galab Donev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2022–2023)
•   Croatia
  • President – Zoran Milanović, President of Croatia (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković, Prime Minister of Croatia (2016–present)
•   Cyprus
  • President – Nicos Anastasiades, President of Cyprus (2013–2023)
•   Czech Republic
  • President – Miloš Zeman, President of the Czech Republic (2013–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Petr Fiala, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2021–present)
•   Denmark
  • Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2019–present)
•   Donetsk People's Republic (partially recognised, secessionist state) ^[4]
  • President – Denis Pushilin, Head of the Donetsk People's Republic (2018–2022)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Alexander Ananchenko, Prime Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic (2018–2022)
    2. Vitaliy Khotsenko, Prime Minister of the Donetsk People’s Republic (2022)
•   Estonia
  • President – Alar Karis, President of Estonia (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas, Prime Minister of Estonia (2021–2024)
•   Finland
  • President – Sauli Niinistö, President of Finland (2012–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Sanna Marin, Prime Minister of Finland (2019–2023)
•   France
  • President – Emmanuel Macron, President of France (2017–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jean Castex, Prime Minister of France (2020–2022)
    2. Élisabeth Borne, Prime Minister of France (2022–2024)
•   Georgia
  • President – Salome Zurabishvili, President of Georgia (2018–present)
  • Prime Minister – Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia (2021–2024)
•   Germany
  • President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Federal President of Germany (2017–present)
  • Chancellor – Olaf Scholz, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2021–present)
•   Greece
  • President – Katerina Sakellaropoulou, President of Greece (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (2019–2023)
•   Hungary
  • President –
    1. János Áder, President of Hungary (2012–2022)
    2. Katalin Novák, President of Hungary (2022–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (2010–present)
•   Iceland
  • President – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, President of Iceland (2016–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland (2017–2024)
•   Ireland
  • President – Michael D. Higgins, President of Ireland (2011–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Micheál Martin, Taoiseach of Ireland (2020–2022)
    2. Leo Varadkar, Taoiseach of Ireland (2022–2024)
•   Italy
  • President – Sergio Mattarella, President of Italy (2015–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mario Draghi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2021–2022)
    2. Giorgia Meloni, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2022–present)
•   Kosovo (partially recognised, secessionist state; under nominal international administration) ^{[ disputed – discuss ]}
  • President – Vjosa Osmani, President of Kosovo (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Albin Kurti, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2021–present)
  • UN Special Representative –
    1. Barrie Lynne Freeman, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2021–2022)
    2. Caroline Ziadeh, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2022–present)
•   Latvia
  • President – Egils Levits, President of Latvia (2019–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Krišjānis Kariņš, Prime Minister of Latvia (2019–2023)
•   Liechtenstein
  • Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
  • Prime Minister – Daniel Risch, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2021–present)
•   Lithuania
  • President – Gitanas Nausėda, President of Lithuania (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Ingrida Šimonytė, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2020–present)
•   Luhansk People's Republic (partially recognised, secessionist state) ^[5]
  • President – Leonid Pasechnik, Head of the Luhansk People's Republic (2017–2022)
  • Prime Minister – Sergey Kozlov, Prime Minister of the Luhansk People's Republic (2015–2022)
•   Luxembourg
  • Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
  • Prime Minister – Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (2013–2023)
•   Malta
  • President – George Vella, President of Malta (2019–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Robert Abela, Prime Minister of Malta (2020–present)
•   Moldova
  • President – Maia Sandu, President of Moldova (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister – Natalia Gavrilița, Prime Minister of Moldova (2021–2023)
•   Monaco
  • Monarch – Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)
  • Prime Minister – Pierre Dartout, Minister of State of Monaco (2020–2024)
•   Montenegro
  • President – Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro (2018–2023)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Zdravko Krivokapić, Prime Minister of Montenegro (2020–2022)
    2. Dritan Abazović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (2022–2023)
•   Netherlands
  • Monarch – Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands (2013–present)
  • Chairman of the Council of Ministers – Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–2024)
•   North Macedonia  
  • President – Stevo Pendarovski, President of North Macedonia (2019–2024)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Zoran Zaev, President of the Government of North Macedonia (2020–2022)
    2. Dimitar Kovačevski, President of the Government of North Macedonia (2022–2024)
•   Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state)
  • President – Ersin Tatar, President of Northern Cyprus (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Faiz Sucuoğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2021–2022)
    2. Ünal Üstel, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2022–present)
•   Norway
  • Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister – Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime Minister of Norway (2021–present)
•   Poland
  • President – Andrzej Duda, President of Poland (2015–present)
  • Prime Minister – Mateusz Morawiecki, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2017–2023)
•   Portugal
  • President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President of Portugal (2016–present)
  • Prime Minister – António Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal (2015–2024)
•   Romania
  • President – Klaus Iohannis, President of Romania (2014–present)
  • Prime Minister – Nicolae Ciucă, Prime Minister of Romania (2021–2023)
•   Russia
  • President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (2012–present)
  • Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2020–present)
•   San Marino
  • Captains-Regent –
    1. Francesco Mussoni and Giacomo Simoncini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2021–2022)
    2. Oscar Mina and Paolo Rondelli, Captains Regent of San Marino (2022)
    3. Maria Luisa Berti and Manuel Ciavatta, Captains Regent of San Marino (2022–2023)
•   Serbia
  • President – Aleksandar Vučić, President of Serbia (2017–present)
  • Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić, Prime Minister of Serbia (2017–2024)
•   Slovakia
  • President – Zuzana Čaputová, President of Slovakia (2019–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Eduard Heger, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2021–2023)
•   Slovenia
  • President –
    1. Borut Pahor, President of Slovenia (2012–2022)
    2. Nataša Pirc Musar, President of Slovenia (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2020–2022)
    2. Robert Golob, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2022–present)
•   South Ossetia (partially recognised, secessionist state)
  • President –
    1. Anatoliy Bibilov, President of South Ossetia (2017–2022)
    2. Alan Gagloev, President of South Ossetia (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Gennady Bekoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2020–2022)
    2. Konstantin Dzhussoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2022–present)
•   Spain
  • Monarch – Felipe VI, King of Spain (2014–present)
  • Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez, President of the Government of Spain (2018–present)
•   Sweden
  • Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Magdalena Andersson, Prime Minister of Sweden (2021–2022)
    2. Ulf Kristersson, Prime Minister of Sweden (2022–present)
•    Switzerland
  • Council – Federal Council of Switzerland   ^{[lower-alpha 6]}
    • Members – Ueli Maurer (2009–2022), Simonetta Sommaruga (2010–2022), Alain Berset (2012–2023), Guy Parmelin (2016–present), Ignazio Cassis (2017–present; President of Switzerland, 2022), Karin Keller-Sutter (2019–present) and Viola Amherd (2019–present)
•   Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)
  • President – Vadim Krasnoselsky, President of Transnistria (2016–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Aleksandr Martynov, Prime Minister of Transnistria (2016–2022)
    2. Aleksandr Rozenberg, Prime Minister of Transnistria (2022–present)
•   Ukraine
  • President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President of Ukraine (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Denys Shmyhal, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2020–present)
•   United Kingdom
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of the United Kingdom (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2019–2022)
    2. Liz Truss, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2022)
    3. Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2022–2024)
•   Vatican City
  • Monarch – Pope Francis, Sovereign of Vatican City (2013–present)
  • Head of Government – Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2021–present)
  • Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
    • Secretary of State – Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Cardinal Secretary of State (2013–present)

North America

•   Antigua and Barbuda
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Antigua and Barbuda (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (2014–present)
  • Prime Minister – Gaston Browne, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2014–present)
•   The Bahamas
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of the Bahamas (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Cornelius A. Smith, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2019–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Philip Davis, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2021–present)
•   Barbados
  • President – Dame Sandra Mason, President of Barbados (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados (2018–present)
•   Belize
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Belize (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Froyla Tzalam, Governor-General of Belize (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Johnny Briceño, Prime Minister of Belize (2020–present)
•   Canada
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Canada (2022–present)
  • Governor General – Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (2015–present)
•   Costa Rica
  • President –
    1. Carlos Alvarado Quesada, President of Costa Rica (2018–2022)
    2. Rodrigo Chaves Robles, President of Costa Rica (2022–present)
•   Cuba
  • Communist Party Leader – Miguel Díaz-Canel, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (2021–present)
  • President – Miguel Díaz-Canel, President of Cuba ^{[lower-alpha 7]} (2018–present)
  • Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz, Prime Minister (2019–present)
•   Dominica
  • President – Charles Savarin, President of Dominica (2013–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present)
•   Dominican Republic
  • President – Luis Abinader, President of the Dominican Republic (2020–present)
•   El Salvador
  • President – Nayib Bukele, President of El Salvador (2019–present)
•   Grenada
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Grenada (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade, Governor-General of Grenada (2013–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (2013–2022)
    2. Dickon Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (2022–present)
•   Guatemala
  • President – Alejandro Giammattei, President of Guatemala (2020–2024)
•   Haiti
  • President – Ariel Henry, Acting President of Haiti (2021–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Ariel Henry, Acting Prime Minister of Haiti (2021–2024)
•   Honduras
  • President –
    1. Juan Orlando Hernández, President of Honduras (2014–2022)
    2. Xiomara Castro, President of Honduras (2022–present)
•   Jamaica
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Jamaica (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen, Governor-General of Jamaica (2009–present)
  • Prime Minister – Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica (2016–present)
•   Mexico
  • President – Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President of Mexico (2018–2024)
•   Nicaragua
  • President – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (2007–present)
•   Panama
  • President – Laurentino Cortizo, President of Panama (2019–2024)
•   Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Tapley Seaton, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2015–2023)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Timothy Harris, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2015–2022)
    2. Terrance Drew, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2022–present)
•   Saint Lucia
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Saint Lucia (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Errol Charles, Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Philip Pierre, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (2021–present)
•   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Susan Dougan, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2019–present)
  • Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
•   Trinidad and Tobago
  • President – Paula-Mae Weekes, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2018–2023)
  • Prime Minister – Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2015–present)
•   United States
  • President – Joe Biden, President of the United States (2021–present)

Oceania

•   Australia
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Australia (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – David Hurley, Governor-General of Australia (2019–2024)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Scott Morrison, Prime Minister of Australia (2018–2022)
    2. Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister of Australia (2022–present)
•   Fiji
  • President – Wiliame Katonivere, President of Fiji (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022)
    2. Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (2022–present)
•   Kiribati
  • President – Taneti Mamau, President of Kiribati (2016–present)
•   Marshall Islands
  • President – David Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (2020–2024)
•   Micronesia
  • President – David W. Panuelo, President of Micronesia (2019–2023)
•   Nauru
  • President –
    1. Lionel Aingimea, President of Nauru (2019–2022)
    2. Russ Kun, President of Nauru (2022–2023)
•   New Zealand
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of New Zealand (2022–present)
  • Governor General – Dame Cindy Kiro, Governor-General of New Zealand (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2017–2023)
•   Palau
  • President – Surangel Whipps Jr., President of Palau (2021–present)
•   Papua New Guinea
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Papua New Guinea (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2017–present)
  • Prime Minister – James Marape, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2019–present)
•   Samoa
  • Head of State – Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (2017–present)
  • Prime Minister – Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, Prime Minister of Samoa (2021–present)
•   Solomon Islands
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Solomon Islands (1978–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Solomon Islands (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Sir David Vunagi, Governor-General of Solomon Islands (2019–2024)
  • Prime Minister – Manasseh Sogavare, Prime Minister of Solomon Islands (2019–2024)
•   Tonga
  • Monarch – Tupou VI, King of Tonga (2012–present)
  • Prime Minister – Siaosi Sovaleni, Prime Minister of Tonga (2021–present)
•   Tuvalu
  • Monarch –
    1. Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–2022)
    2. Charles III, King of Tuvalu (2022–present)
  • Governor-General – Tofiga Vaevalu Falani, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2021–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kausea Natano, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2019–2024)
•   Vanuatu
  • President –
    1. Tallis Obed Moses, President of Vanuatu (2017–2022)
    2. Seule Simeon, Acting President of Vanuatu (2022)
    3. Nikenike Vurobaravu, President of Vanuatu (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Bob Loughman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2020–2022)
    2. Ishmael Kalsakau, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2022–2023)

South America

•   Argentina
  • President – Alberto Fernández, President of Argentina (2019–2023)
•   Bolivia
  • President – Luis Arce, President of Bolivia (2020–present)
•   Brazil
  • President – Jair Bolsonaro, President of Brazil (2019–2022)
•   Chile
  • President –
    1. Sebastián Piñera, President of Chile (2018–2022)
    2. Gabriel Boric, President of Chile (2022–present)
•   Colombia
  • President –
    1. Iván Duque, President of Colombia (2018–2022)
    2. Gustavo Petro, President of Colombia (2022–present)
•   Ecuador
  • President – Guillermo Lasso, President of Ecuador (2021–2023)
•   Guyana
  • President – Irfaan Ali, President of Guyana (2020–present)
  • Prime Minister – Mark Phillips, Prime Minister of Guyana (2020–present)
•   Paraguay
  • President – Mario Abdo Benítez, President of Paraguay (2018–2023)
•   Peru
  • President –
    1. Pedro Castillo, President of Peru (2021–2022)
    2. Dina Boluarte, President of Peru (2022–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Mirtha Vásquez, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2021–2022)
    2. Héctor Valer, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2022)
    3. Aníbal Torres, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2022)
    4. Betssy Chávez, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2022)
    5. Pedro Angulo Arana, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2022)
    6. Alberto Otárola, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2022–2024)
•   Suriname
  • President – Chan Santokhi, President of Suriname (2020–present)
•   Uruguay
  • President – Luis Lacalle Pou, President of Uruguay (2020–present)
• Venezuela
  •   Venezuela
    • President – Nicolás Maduro, President of Venezuela (2013–present)
  •   Venezuelan opposition (partially recognised, rival government)
    • President – Juan Guaidó, President of the National Assembly (2019–2023)

See also

• List of current heads of state and government
• List of national power transfers in 2022
• 2022 national electoral calendar

Notes

1. Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
2. Brunei only became independent in 1984.
3. Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister from 1993 to 1998.
4. Kim was referred to as supreme leader in 2011, and then appointed as First Chairman of the National Defence Commission in 2012 and Chairman of the State Affairs Commission in 2016 —having been de facto leader of North Korea throughout.
5. The Palestinian head of state is the president and prime minister. Despite its existing status internationally as a mostly recognized state, it controls parts of the West Bank, but lacks any authority in the Gaza Strip, which is taken over by Hamas militant group since 2007.
6. The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. Within this executive council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
7. Titled President of the Council of State until 10 October 2019.

References

1. Between 12 April 2019 and 21 August 2019 Burhan was titled as Chairman of the Transitional Military Council, between 20 August 2019 and 25 October 2021 as Chairman of the Sovereignty Council and between 25 October 2021 and 11 November 2021 was Head of state de facto.
2. Title changed from Chairman to General Secretary on 10 January 2021.
3. Title changed from Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly to Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly in 2021.
4. Acceded to the Russian Federation in September 2022
5. Acceded to the Russian Federation in September 2022

External links

• CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
• Portale Storia (in Spanish)—a list of current rulers by country
• Rulers —a list of rulers throughout time and places
• WorldStatesmen —an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories